downstream from vein formation patterns of cell proliferation expansion and differentiation for c4 cells
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Volume 32 C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mec
... Introduction and Overview II C4 Gene Expression in Bundle Sheath Cells III C4 Gene Expression in Mesophyll Cells IV C4 Gene Expression in Organelles V Factors Affecting C4 Gene Expression in BS and MP Cells ... Planters’ Association Andrew A Benson and Andrew Maretzki extended her studies to search for formation, transport and storage of sucrose in the sugarcane leaf and stalk and the patterns of mineral absorption, ... everything from the detailed biochemistry to ecological performance of C3, C4 and CAM species Even today, nearly 30 years later, C3 C4 remains one of the most straight-forward and understandable...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.1
... conceptualization of the multiplicity and salience of major challenges to development and security, all of which require political and public awareness and economic resources for timely and efficient ... gamut of risks, costs and benefits of handling these hazards using a multicriteria and systems approach towards the setting of policy priorities and resource sharing In addition to and developing from ... This calls for more investment of human and pecuniary resources in Earth science research – a unique source of data enrichment and knowledge bases as well as better understanding of the yet poorly...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.2
... emphasize knowledge, learning and the social sources of adaptability, renewal and transformation; and (3) and understanding ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS of change and uncertainty as inherent in social-ecological ... mechanisms for CCA and DRR, which Warner et al (2009) identify as low awareness levels, lack of reliable information on risk pricing, accessibility, affordability and the potential for insurance ... nature of disasters’ (Helmer and Hilhorst, 2006, p 2) Thus, as the intensity and frequency of disasters increases, it becomes a requirement for DRR and CCA also to increase resilience (Helmer and...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.3
... adaptation, and resilience, and a variety of pressing application opportunities for that knowledge, all too often still silos of knowledge get produced that fail to help make systems and communities ... adaptive and iterative risk management, as the way forward for CCA and DRR Acknowledgements Our deepest gratitude to all the participants of the Forum on socio-ecological resilience that informed ... Geballe and the dedicated graduate students, who all helped to make this endeavour a success And finally, the Forum was made possible by the generous support of the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.4
... frequency of annual landfalls in the first and second half of each of the periods A few curiosities stand out The 54 years prior to 1954 saw 21 of 54 years (39 per cent) with zero or one landfall, ... basin-wide data (examples of this line of argument can be found, for example, in Solow and Moore, 2002; Landsea, 2007) A second line of argument is that the relatively small number of landfalls in the ... significance Both of these lines of argument miss an important factor in understanding the differential patterns seen in basin and landfall statistics, and that is the spatial distribution of trends...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.5
... understanding the historical record and why the scientific community cannot produce skilful forecasts of future landfalls and damage for the foreseeable future Acknowledgements Useful comments and ... empirical information on predictive performance FIGURE Histogram of annual number of landfalls, 1851–2008 Conclusion: What is a decision maker to do? This paper has argued that efforts to develop ... Journal of Climate, 89 347 –367 Gilovich, T., Vallone, R and Tversky, A., 1985 The hot hand in basketball: on the misperception of random sequences Cognitive Psychology, 17 295–314 Holland, G J and...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.1
... some of them, for example in the case of fuel poverty and the competitiveness of selected sectors Overall, the CCC concluded that the UK could meet the proposed carbon budgets at a cost of less ... Tol, R S J., Weyant, J and Yohe, G., 2001 Lines of evidence for vulnerability of climate change: a synthesis Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Contribution of Working Group II ... The Netherlands Natural disasters have increased in frequency and severity during the last few decades, causing considerable economic damage and loss of life A combination of climate and socio-economic...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.2
... with the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) FIGURE Main components of catastrophe models Source: Adapted from Grossi and Kunreuther (2005) Figure shows a schematic overview of the main ... flow velocities of water, wind speeds, and frequency of occurrence of the hazard The portfolio of properties at risk component of the model can include various characteristics of assets, such ... economic growth (RC) and high growth (GE) and corresponding changes in the ‘portfolio of properties at risk’ module of Figure were based on a land use model of the Netherlands (Janssen et al.,...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.3
... (AlbalaBertrand, 2006) Deforestation may also increase the vulnerability to disasters caused by climate change, for example, because of soil erosion and landslides resulting from more frequent and severe ... assessment for the Netherlands Natural Hazards, forthcoming Botzen, W J W., Bouwer, L M and van den Bergh, J C J M., 2009b Climate change and hailstorm damage: empirical evidence and implications for ... review of recent global warming scare stories Policy Analysis, 576 – 25 Michel-Kerjan, E and de Marcellis-Warin, N., 2006 Public– private programs for covering extreme events: the impact of information...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.4
... definition of frames: ‘the presence or absence of certain keywords, stock phrases, stereotyped images, sources of information and sentences that provide thematically reinforcing clusters of facts and ... wetlands which perform essential hydrological, biological and chemical functions and which support and maintain the productivity and health of the river systems A number of the Basin wetlands ... a catchment area for the Murray and Darling rivers and their tributaries It extends from Queensland to South Australia, including three-quarters of New South Wales and half of Victoria The basin...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 2.5
... minister for climate change and water The Coorong Wetlands are one of the most important wetlands in Australia The wetland consists of ocean beach, the mouth of the Murray River, lakes and estuaries ... Alexandrina and Albert form the mouth of the Murray River and are comprised of fresh to saline waters The Coorong’s fragile ecology depends on getting a mix of fresh water from the Murray River and sea ... –305 ´ ¨ ¨ Brandstrom, A., Kuipers, S and Daleus, P., 2008 The politics of tsunami responses: comparing patterns of blame management in scandinavia Governing after Crisis: The Politics of Investigation,...
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Environmental and Social Impacts of Shrimp farming in Tam Giang lagoon, Vietnam-Local perception
... consisted of a staff from RIA No 1, DOFI and CSSH and officers of People's Committee of the District (PCD) and People's Committee of the Commune (PCC) The fieldwork was implemented from October ... responsibility of management of natural resource from village cooperatives into hands of individuals (Le & Rambo, 1999) The Land Law led to rapid transformation of common property wetlands into the ... pollution by nutrients and organic wastes from effluents and wastes, chemicals and medicinal residues to water and soil, salinisation of agricultural land and introductions of non-native species...
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Tài liệu NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di-Isodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) pdf
... II-8 lymphoma mutation assay and the Balb/3T3 cell transformation assay (29) The data from the mutation and cell transformation assay were reviewed by OECD The summary for Section 2, including general ... concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.2, and 2.5% DIDP for 21 days The authors calculated daily intake of DIDP as 0, 304, 1,134, and 2,100 mg/kg bw/day for males and 0, 264, 1,042, and 1,972 mg/kg bw/day for females ... sexes and pnd for males) and F2 pups (pnd 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 for both sexes and pnd for males) A reduction in postnatal survival was observed in F1 pups of the high-dose group on pnd and In...
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Tài liệu Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer doc
... (OR=3.6 and 4.7 for 110 years and greater than 10 years of employment respectively), and for material handling and related equipment operators, dockers and freighthandlers (OR=3.9 and 8.1 for 1-10 ... different kind of DNA damage Steps in Tumor Formation In most cases, cells in adult humans are in a steady state, and new cells are generated (by cell division) only to replace old cells that have ... damage; to avoid cells with many mutations that might generate a skin cancer, these cells are killed via apoptosis The dead cells are replaced by new cells produced in a shielded layer of cells lower...
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Tài liệu International Workshop on Environmental and Economic Accounting - COMPILATION OF RESOURCES ACCOUNTS (SELECTED CASE STUDIES) pdf
... state government information There is currently a national program being undertaken to update a range of land and water resource information in Australia called the National Land and Water Resources ... • treated and untreated effluent discharges (volume and location) • volume of treated effluent transferred to other users for reuse (volume and type of use); and 12 • other related information ... information was held by water authorities it was logical that it be requested at the same time as the other information This information was not required for the supply and use tables but for...
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Tài liệu Ethical Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health pptx
... on grounds of considerably weakened evidentiary standards for proof of harm, or whether the current standards ought to be maintained These current standards place the burden of proof on the potential ... Lashoff et al., Health and Life Sciences Division of the U.S Office of Technology Assessment, Assessment of Technologies for Determining Cancer Risks from the Environment, Washington D.C., Office ... largest and most serious violator of US public-health and environmental standards, and that the US has to be held accountable, on grounds of fairness, for obedience to its own laws Critics of those...
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Tài liệu Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge doc
... smoke from nearby houses (6), the burning of forests, agricultural land and household waste, the use of kerosene lamps (7), and industrial and vehicle emissions Indoor air pollution in the form of ... spend time with information on activity patterns (21) Information on such patterns is very important for understanding the dynamic relationship between levels of pollution and behaviour As pollution ... responsible for over 80% of cases of chronic bronchitis, i.e inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, and for most cases of emphysema (overinflation of the air sacs in the lungs) and chronic...
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Tài liệu Car Fleet Renewal Schemes: Environmental and Safety Impacts docx
... Reduction of serious injuries due to safety features of new vehicles for US, German and French fleet renewal schemes in 2010 and cumulatively from 2010-2030 (% of 2010 total and number of serious ... estimated at thousand tonnes for the US, thousand tonnes for Germany and thousand tonnes for France This initial emission reduction impact is expected to more rapidly reduce over time than for CO2, but ... but would still accumulate by 20202025 to around 65 thousand tonnes for the US, 32 thousand tonnes for Germany and 12 thousand tonnes for France Figure 17 Cumulative NOx impact 2010 to ~2025...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Molecular characterization, phylogenetic relationships, and developmental expression patterns of prion genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) doc
... protein In addition, infected cells must express PrPC to propagate the pathogenic agent and convert the normal form to the pathogenic one [15,16] The identification of cells that express Prnp is ... running from midbrain to hindbrain along the bilateral symmetry axis The labeled specialized large and elongated cells of the anterior part of the floor-plate were positioned at the base of the ... dotted lines in A (C–E) and I (K,L) By 48 hpf, a high level of prp1 hybridization signal is detected in the specialized large and elongated cells (C, insert) of the anterior part of the floor-plate...
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