... al-Rashed RS, al-Jeffry M, Hossain A, el-Hazmi M. Profile of hepatitis C virus and the possible modes of transmission of the virus in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia: a community-based study. Ann ... elucidated. Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists. References 1. WHO. Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C. Report of a WHO Consultation ... Pakistan, the seroprevalence of HCV was 1.8% with a trend of increasing proportion of positive donors from 1998-2002. [16] There has been very high prevalence rates of HCV reported in Egypt in...
... reservoir of chronically infected persons is estimated at 170 million, or 3% of the global population. There is much controversy surrounding the natural history of hepatitis C infection. The rate of ... (HCC). The rate of progression to cirrhosis is highly variable, and is influenced by several factors, including the amount of alcohol consumption, age of initial HCV infection, degree of inflammation ... 10%-15% of HCV-infected persons will advance to cirrhosis within the first 20 years. Persons with cirrhosis are at increased risk of developing HCC. An understanding of the natural history of hepatitis...
... Assistant Professor of Medicine and Staff Physician at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany. Since 2004 he is the head of the Division of Gastroenterology ... are urgently needed. The development of such strategies depends on a detailed understanding of the molecular virology of HCV infection. The investigation of the HCV life cycle and pathogenesis ... Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne,...
... number—the number of protons, which determines what type of element it is; and the isotope number—the number of protons plus the number of neutrons, which deter-mines which isotope of the element ... to our example of treating isotopes of the chemical elements, the List class is a good choice to represent the isotopes of an element, since each element has a different number of isotopes. The ... have heard of carbon dating, in which the amount of radioactive carbon-14 is measured to determine the age of wood or other organic materials. Carbon can have an isotope number of 12, 13, or...
... b8. The salary of a bus driver is much higher …………….a. in comparison with the salary of a teacherb. than a teacherc. than that of a teacherd. to compare as a teacher c9. Professional people ... findingc. of findingd. about finding a171. According to a recent survey, ……………. doctors do not have a personalphysician.a. a large amount of b. large amount of c. a large number of d. large ... gived. conclude b266. A few of the passengers were trying to get some sleep, but …………… of them were reading.a. almostb. all mostc. mostd. mostly c267. A lot of the passengers were traveling...
... population of monomerswith a hydrodynamic radius of approximately 16 A˚,which is in agreement with the results of the NMR.The addition of SDS to the C-peptide sample leads toformation of larger ... distribu-tion of 100 lM proinsulin C-peptide in thepresence of divalent Ca2+and Mg2+ionsunder native conditions (B), and of 100 lMC-peptide in the presence of insulin (C) and of 100 lM ... peptideconcentration) of SDS, indicating that the equilibriumbetween nomomers and oligomers remains.We find that the amount of oligomers formed isenhanced by the addition of modest amounts of SDSto solutions of...
... Number of genes Number of genes Number of genes Number of genes Fig. 5. Left column: cross-validation of theseed distribution method for six differenttranscription factors. By means of a jack-knife ... thecase of c-Myc, the broad-spectrum ontologies [34].The results of this jack-knife procedure also providean estimate of how many of the true positives will liein the upper 5%: about 18–39% of ... the ratio of the number of occurrences in theupper 5% of the rank divided by the expected occur-rence in the top 5% (given by 0.05 times the totalnumber of occurrences). A list of the motifs...
... magnification of original spectra. (D) Absorption spectra of the acid-denatured K13N mutant (spectrum a), of the K13N mutant after 3 ms of mixing with 40 mM sulfate (spectrum b), and after 5 s of mixingwith ... reagents used were of analytical grade.Construction of horse cytochrome c expressionsystemA version of the horse cytochrome c synthetic gene wasdesigned on the basis of the sequence of a previously ... of electrostaticrepulsions in the acidic molten globule of cytochrome c.J Mol Biol 222, 679–686.13 Jordan T, Eads JC & Spiro TG (1995) Secondary andtertiary structure of the A state of...
... mem-brane of mitochondria of osteoclasts [57]. Moreover,there are 50 tyrosine residues in the sequence of ratDPP IV, all of which are located in the lumen.ABCFig. 5. Effect of the PTP ... concentration of thesoluble form of DPP IV may result in an increasedproteolysis of GLP-1 peptides and thus decreased insu-lin secretion [20]. The insulin-dependent phosphoryla-tion of DPP IV ... (2003) Suppression of postsynaptic density protein 95 expression attenuatesincreased tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A subunits of N-methyl-D–aspartate receptors and interactions of Src and Fyn with...
... would be substantial, amounting to 7% of the rate of glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone,one of the best substrates for glucuronidation. Theinvolvement of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in ... was a kind gift of Pfizer. All other reagents, whenever possible, were of analytical grade.Preparation of crude liver extracts, microsomesand other subcellular fractionsAll steps of the described ... wasindependent of glucuronate 1-phosphate formation.In the presence of ATP-Mg, the rate of hydrolysis of 0.5 mm glucuronate 1-phosphate amounted to0.04 nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1protein irrespective of the...
... symmetricalreduction of the size of most organs, developed lungemphysema due to lack of alveolar myofibroblasts,resulting in the loss of parenchymal elastin fibres andno formation of alveolar septa. ... constitutive activation of PDGFR kinases,activating mutations of the PDGFR kinases, autocrinesignalling due to overexpression of PDGFs and thePDGFRs, contributing to a number of human dis-eases, ... cellularreceptor expression allowing binding of some PDGFsbut not others. Additionally, some cells display only one of the PDGFR isoforms while other cells express bothisoforms, simultaneously or separately....
... thiol reagents than those of PIP, indicatingthat the C-peptide of HPI reduces the stability of thedisulfide bonds more than that of PIP. The reduced disulfidebond stability of HPI may explain why ... molecular mass of the disulfide isomers of HPI and the enzyme-digested fragments were measuredby ESI MS. The molecular mass of the mixture of scrambled isomers was measured by MALDI-TOF MS.CD studiesCD ... that of HPI and thedenaturation curves are also shown in Fig. 4. Comparison of the denaturation curves of PIP with those of HPI showthat PIP is significantly more stable than HPI, regardlessof...
... dynamics simulations of the rotary mobility of c within the ‘hydrophobic bearing’ at the top of a3b3The molecular model of the rotary part of c and thesurrounding part of (ab)3was constructed ... acomplete unfolding of the single-helical portion of c at thelevel of cR254–cV257 residues, a partial deformation of thedouble-helical part of c, but the C-terminal portion of c wastightly clamped ... the torque of 56 pNÆnm. Thesecondary structure of c is shown for the time of 1 ns (the end of initialequilibration), 17 ns (half of turnover), 23 n s (one turnover) and 32 ns(the end of final...
... using deletion mutants of the 3¢ terminus of the minus-strand RNA but deletionswere made on the basis of the structure of the 5¢UTR of the plus-RNA, the structure of the 3¢-end of the minus-strand ... part of the stem of SL-E1 has a primary sequencehomology with the SL-II stem loop of the 3¢UTR[13,14]. It has been previously shown that a recombinantNS5B interacts with the 3¢X sequence of ... the replication mechanism of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), we have studied the role of sequences atthe 3¢-end of HCV minus-strand RNA in the initiation of synthesis of theviral genome by viral...
... to the problem of segmenting parallelparts of documents.The task of aligning each sentence of an abstractto one or more sentences of the body has beenstudied in the context of summarization ... facilitatethe development of better user interfaces and im-prove the performance of summarization and in-formation retrieval systems.Discourse segmentationof the documents com-posed of parallel parts ... concentration param-eter of the underlying DP distribution. GEM(α)defines a distribution of partitions of the unit inter-val into a countable number of parts.The formal definition of our model is as...