... international normalized ratio (INR), and a liver panel. Although the serum aminotransferase level correlates poorly with liver histology, the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine ... HCC, and mortality. In addition, HCV infection has been linked toa variety of extra-hepatic manifestations such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathies and cryoglobulinemia. ... International Publisher. All rights reserved Review A PracticalApproachto Managing Patients with HCV Infection Richard H. Huang, and Ke-Qin Hu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,...
... quantitation and three approved drugs for HBV treatment, and presents an updated and practical clinical approachto managing CHB. Highly sensitive PCR -based quantitation of HBV DNA makes it ... normal transaminases. ALT Levels For many years, ALT has been used as a standard surrogate for the activity of CHB. Thus, ALT level in combination with HBV DNA level and histological activity ... treatment. Overall, LAM and ADV are probably more favorable due to convenient administration, better tolerance, and less cost. When planning a LAM treatment, medical adherence and regular follow-up...
... Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available ... Water. Geneva, Switzerland. August 2006. Water Conservation 5 18 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation Reason 3 Minimising value chain related risk Today corporate reputation is a more ... Ca2+ 80 40 2 20 Mg2+ 35 243 2 122 20 APracticalApproachto Water Conservation Case Study A smallgoods manufacturer in Sydney, Australia, estimated that while the water costs are...
... for group facilitators 26CHAPTER 3: Saving as a group 29Rotating Savings and Credit Association (ROSCA) 30Accumulative Savings and Credit Association (ASCA) 38Credit Union (Savings and Credit ... struggles to mobilize capitalmotivated the idea for this manual. A special note of gratitude is also owed to Otto Hospes, whoseacademic rigour and socio-cultural insights on rural financialbehavior ... as a major source of information for this book. Additional valuable insights were collected at an internationalworkshop on this topic in Wageningen in May 2001.Creating a simple field manual...
... AM Page xiv 60 APracticalApproachto Pharmaceutical PolicyVarious global and regional initiatives try to make drug prices moretransparent. WHO and Health Action International developed a ... is a matter of international rather than national policy and hasalready attracted the attention of leading academics, politicians, donors,and advocacy groups.At the national level, manufacturers ... Publishing.Roberts, Marc, and Michael Reich. 2010. “Pharmaceutical Reform: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity.” Harvard School of Public Health,Cambridge, MA.10 APracticalApproachto Pharmaceutical...
... cross-cultural trans-lation and adaptation that factored into account the chal-lenges of small sample size in rare disorders, and appliedit toa quality of life tool. We used the KIT (Kids' ITPTools), ... 3.Single forward and back translation.2 Back translations. At least 2 back translations.Number of consensus meetingsAfter forward and back translations.Between forward and back translations.Between ... forward and back translations.After forward and back translations.After pre-testing. After difficulty ratings. After back translations. After pre-testing.After back translation.Role of patients...
... not have a clinical background.Single back translation.Must have as many back translations as forward translations.Must have as many back as forward translations.Consensus/Synthesis A multi-disciplinary ... Translators and a facilitator synthesize a translated version of the questionnaire from the 2 forward translations.Not part of the process.Back translation(final language into source language)≥ ... language)≥ 2 Professional, naïve translators NSE.#2 Professional translators NSE.2 Professional, naïve translators NSE.1 Professional, naïve translator for each of the target languages.Translate...
... wearing a 400 A LAYERED APPROACHTO NLP -BASED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL Sharon Flank SRA International 4300 Fair Lakes Court Fairfax, VA 22033, USA flanks~sra.com Abstract A layered approach ... corresponds toa location, a location expansion pro- cess is invoked that, accessing a gazetteer, displays the location and related locations, such as Arlington, Virginia and Arlington, Massachusetts ... approachto infor- mation retrieval, and the natural language compo- nent that is a major element in that approach. The layered approach, packaged as Intermezzo TM, was deployed in a pre-product...
... Evaluation, pages 719- 724. Sadao Kurohashi, Masaki Murata, Yasunori Yata, Mitsunobu Shimada, and Makoto Nagao. 1998. Construction of Japanese nominal semantic dictionary using " ;A ... role of a head word. All definition sentences in RSK were analyzed by JUMAN, a Japanese morphological analyzer, and KNP, a Japanese syntactic and case ana- lyzer (Kurohashi and Nagao, 1994; ... Given an input phrase N1 no N2, both DBA and SBA are applied to the input, and then the two analyses are integrated. 4.2.1 Dictionary -based Analysis Dictionary based- Analysis (DBA) tries to...
... phrase -based approach has been considered thedefault strategy to Statistical Machine Translation(SMT) in recent years. It is widely known that thephrase -based approach is powerful in local lexicalchoice ... decoderThe data needed by our Pharaoh-like decoder aretranslation table and language model. Our 5-gramlanguage model is trained by the SRI language mod-eling toolkit (Stolcke, 2002). The translation ... longer takenas a training instance.In sum, given a bilingual training corpus, a parserfor the SL, and a word alignment tool, we can collectall binary parse tree nodes, each of which may be aninstance...