... maintains the hegemony andthe gap between the poor andthe rich, the major and minority groups In order to redress poverty the adult education program needs to be aware ofthe social functions oflanguage ... By following the current national language policy that only recognizes and promotes Setswana and English at the expense ofthe other languages that exist in the country, the adult language program ... Setswana and English contributes to an assimilation of these groups into Setswana, killing their identities and ignoring the knowledge and experience embodied in their native languages and cultures The...
... producing the 25-best list for the reranker The log figure of merit is the sum ofthe log language model probability andthe log channel model probability plus 1.5 times the number of edits in the sentence ... model to the log-linear optimisation algorithm The boolean indicator features consist ofthe following groups offeatures operating on words and their edit status; the latter indicated by one of three ... from the external language models by defining a reranker feature for each external language model The value of this feature is the log probability assigned by thelanguage model to the candidate...
... verdicts about u But the interface between the system’s theory of meaning and truth, on the one hand, andthe treatment of particular instances oflanguage use, on the other, does not only raise ... entails about meaning, truth, andthe use of language, and to 10 $ Systems and their Inputs the defence ofthe resulting picture against a variety of misunderstandings and criticisms A Rough First ... notion of how such a story, or at least an important portion of it, is supposed to go The aim ofthe present book is to clarify the understanding of meaning and truth that lies at the basis of the...
... readers offeaturesof a tree that are important for the larger lessons ofthe book, even when they are not essential to the point at hand One result of these competing forces is that my trees are often ... andthe nature and content ofthe act itself The issue ofthe truth of P2, i.e what implications this might have, then becomes pressing Speaking of which, I now want to rehearse briefly some of ... The same can be said of all the expressions in (1), and all the other examples introduced so far And yet, it appears that these expression types, which (on my view) have both the syntax and the...
... INTRODUCTION This initial part stated the problem andthe rationale ofthe study, together with the aims, objectives, the scope ofthe study, andthe overview ofthe rest of this research paper Above ... in the virtue ofthe changes in the monarch In the innovation of this new form of prose, there appeared a remarkable number of writers and their works They were coined to emphasize not only the ... which contained the rationale, aims and objectives, methodology and scope ofthe study, Part Two went into further details ofthe historical and social background; andthe newness oflanguage use...
... which contained the rationale, aims and objectives, methodology and scope ofthe study, Part Two went into further details ofthe historical and social background; andthe newness oflanguage use ... attention to the main characters‟ leading conversations in the three volumes which helped expose the cherish love andthe theory of „pride‟ and „prejudice‟ – the main themes ofthe novel Amongst the three ... for themselves with ambition and wit”; and „Pride and Prejudice‟, the novel about marriage, was said to be the best of them all „Pride and Prejudice‟ was coined to construct the frame of the...
... when the last major farmlands and ranch lands were settled As defined by Hine and Faragher, "frontier history tells the story ofthe creation and defense of communities, the use ofthe land, the ... wanted to tell the story ofthe frontier experience Aims ofthe Study The aims ofthe study are to investigate some major cultural featuresof American society in the Frontier time ofthe nineteenth ... fashioned out ofthe form and substance of a language has the color andthe texture of its matrix,‖ – says Edward Sapir (1921) They are complementary as they enrich and glorify each other Also,...
... views ofthe goal oflanguage teaching, the goal ofthe native speaker andthe goal of a proficiency level "A second language learner may attain native 39 speaker levels of proficiency and therefore ... necessarily known by the teacher The difference ofthe two taxonomies of questions, one presented by Doff (1988) andthe other by Darn (2008), results from the different angels of views and focuses However, ... only [.] the use ofthe right sounds in the right patterns of rhythm and intonation, but also the choice of words and inflections in the right order to convey the right meaning (Bygate: 5) The quotation...
... about the types of concepts (objects (mental, physical and perceptuM) and processes (states and actions)) in the subject domain, represented with the help ofthe description module (DRL) ofthe ... along the lines of McDonald and Pustejovsky, 1985a) To illustrate the knowledge that bears upon the choice of an open-class lexicM item, let us trace the process of lexicai selection of one ofthe ... other;, (I) the intended perspective ofthe situation, (2) the emphasis of one activity rather than another, (3) the focus being on a particular individual, and (4) previous lexicalizationsof the concept...
... and urbanisation came the rise ofthe use ofthe vernacular as thelanguageof power in an increasingly secularised society (Anderson, 1992) The rise ofthe role ofthe vernacular was strengthened ... NATIONAL LANGUAGEThe role oflanguage as a link with the past, thereby giving legitimacy and authenticity to the sense ofthe nation, is a theme taken up by others, and is especially important in the ... summary of current definitions ofthe field ofthe politics oflanguageOf his three main categories, which range from the macro to the micro observation ofthe political in languageandthe linguistic...
... together the logical, the psychological, andthe pragmatic; the empirical andthe theoretical; the formalist andthe empiricist; and situating it all in the context of two and a half millennia of ... of them derivable 16 The Logic ofLanguage from a semantic definition (either ofthe quantifier ALL or ofthe main predicate ofthe sentence) This diversity of opinions makes it all the more mandatory ... selection ofthe logical constants involved andofthe operations they allow for, given their semantic definition A good answer is that the choice ofthe relevant constants andofthe operations on the...
... and word formation, andthe evolution oflanguage He is the author of twelve books, including Unravelling the Evolution ofLanguage (2003) He was the organizer ofthe Cradle ofLanguage Conference ... in the framework ofthe Origin of Man, Languageand Languages program ofthe European Science Foundation Karl Diller is researching the genetic and evolutionary origins of humans and human language ... with the nature andthe evolution of cooperation andlanguage in humans W Tecumseh Fitch studies the evolution of cognition andcommunication in animals and man, focusing on the evolution of speech,...
... Judaeo-Christiant: And out ofthe ground the Lord formed every beast ofthe field, and every fowl ofthe air, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called ... oh-ee-oh-ee; Jap bu-bu 4 .The ‘‘ta-ta’’ hypothesis Charles Darwin Speeching: a sort of mouth pantomime: the organs of speech => imitating the gestures ofthe hand the problem: Human gestures ... there are no primitive languages, there are no “corrupt” languages Languages change, but they not decay 5 ─ ─ Theories oflanguage origin The origin oflanguage have been advanced, but...
... w understanding ofthe causes of SLI will allow the development of better diagnostic systems and therapies for affected individuals Furthermore, it is clear that the achievement ofthe ultimate ... systems that serve the acquisition oflanguage Page of Conclusions The past few years have seen exciting progress in the genetics oflanguage impairment The increased know ledge ofthe FOXP2-dependent ... path ways andthe inherent difficulties of precisely defining them in the laboratory FOXP2 in the brain The expression of FOXP2 is not limited to the brain but is also seen in several other organs,...
... Judaeo-Christiant: And out ofthe ground the Lord formed every beast ofthe field, and every fowl ofthe air, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called ... oh-ee-oh-ee; Jap bu-bu 4 .The ‘‘ta-ta’’ hypothesis Charles Darwin Speeching: a sort of mouth pantomime: the organs of speech => imitating the gestures ofthe hand the problem: Human gestures ... there are no primitive languages, there are no “corrupt” languages Languages change, but they not decay 5 ─ ─ Theories oflanguage origin The origin oflanguage have been advanced, but...
... English, their language proficiency still remain low and few of them are good at language skills in general and writing in particular However, the majority ofthe students are aware ofthe importance ... Being asked about their activities before conducting the games, 80% ofthe respondents gave the answers of “organize the class” and “read out the rule ofthe game” Announcing the scoring system ... complete the questionnaire and some also contributed to the survey by giving their further ideas and suggestions 3.1.2.1 The attitudes ofthe students towards their teachers' use of language...
... success And managers have the job of leading and supervising their people Take people out ofthe organization and there is little, if anything, left Similarly, take thecommunication out ofthe operation ... kind ofcommunication 12 The art of successful business communication 2.1 The difficulties of making communication effective If there are difficulties, and there surely are, it is not because other ... means understanding and thinking of both what makes communication work and how others view and respond to the whole process It is to the latter that we turn in the next chapter Meantime the key issues...
... data The accuracy and fidelity ofthe received signal when compared to originally transmitted source information is a broad general measure ofthe quality ofthecommunication system andthe success ... rates of 20 Mbps or more The invention ofthe magnetron in the 1920s, the ‘acorn’ tube in the 1930s, the klystron in 1937, andthe traveling wave tube (TWT) in 1943 made possible efficient ground and ... War II These devices made practical and accessible a vast new range of higher frequencies and greater bandwidths in the UHF and SHF bands These frequencies were generically grouped together and...