... to the ER membrane andthe release of SRP54 fromthesignal sequence Following the binding of SRP to a signal sequence present on a nascent polypeptide, the next step during ER targeting is the ... Structure, functionand evolution ofthesignalrecognitionparticle EMBO J 2003, 22:3479-3485 Song W, Raden D, Mandon EC, Gilmore R: Role of Sec61alpha in the regulated transfer ofthe ribosome-nascent ... structure ofthe NG domain fromthe signal- recognitionparticle receptor FtsY Nature 1997, 385:365-368 Freymann DM, Keenan RJ, Stroud RM, Walter P: Structure ofthe conserved GTPase domain ofthe signal...
... (G-10L)prePhoE in the case of P48 crosslinked complexes and for WT prePhoE in the case ofthe TF crosslinked complexes These amounts were set to 100%, andthe relative cross-linking efficiencies ofthe other ... rely on the SecB pathway, because of overloading ofthe SRP pathway The re-routing of (G-10L)prePhoE to the Sec translocon via the SRP instead ofthe SecB pathway could be explained by the increased ... alter the dependency ofthe precursor on SecA and SecY, whereas its SecB dependency is reduced Affinity of mutant prePhoE nascent chains for P48 As the SecB dependency ofthe translocation of the...
... proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig Of all members ofthe KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) ofthe endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21 ... cloned into pGEX-4T-2 The KIND domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions ofthe v-KIND KIND2 andthe MAP2 CD were ... structural and functional importance ofthe v-KIND and MAP2 interaction core modules in the regulation of dendrite growth and branching in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells Further studies...
... markers are indicated on the left of Spatzle-C108 (Fig 8A) Analysis of tryptic peptides ¨ from these bands by MS ⁄ MS and mascot software identified them as attacin-1, lysozyme, and cecropinA ⁄ B (Table ... yet in other insect species Although it is clear that Drosophila Spatzle acts as ¨ the ligand ofthe Toll receptor in two important physiological pathways [16,36], the functions of other homologs, ... ± standard deviation (n = 3) Lack of error bars indicates that the standard deviation was smaller than the size ofthe symbol Asterisks indicate means that are significantly different from the...
... obtained from 3D experiments correlating the amide NH with the C¢ signalofthe preceding amino acid, correlating the amide HN andthe Ca signals, correlating the amide HN andthe Ca signalofthe ... minidomain andthe zinc-binding domain ofthe zinc finger protein Ynr046w [25] (Fig 8) The fit ofthe heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) from three b-strands andthe a-helices of both the closed andthe open ... between the HN of Thr358 andthe Ha of His356 could be seen in both conformers (Fig 4; Fig S3) At the same time, the intensity ofthe NOE between the HN of Phe357 andthe Ha of Lys354 in the open conformer...
... [14]) The sequences ofthe CMLE1s from members ofthe Rhizobiales, such as ArCMLE1 and AtCMLE1, are significantly shorter than the isofunctional enzymes from other bacteria (Fig 2) Expression of ... in the mutant First, there is an increase in the negative charge in the active site and, second, breaking the salt bridge would alter the quaternary structure ofthe protein and therefore the ... Lys282 and Arg315 are involved in catalysis The alignment ofthe small CMLEs from different members ofthe Rhizobiales with these sequences demonstrated that in A radiobacter S2 (and the other...
... counteracting ability ofthe osmolyte does not arise fromthe stabilization ofthe native state but arises primarily fromthe destabilization ofthe unfolded state ofthe protein in the presence of osmolyte ... reaction showed the formation of thicker and larger bundles of FtsZ protofilaments in the presence of TMAO compared with the control (Fig 6) The widths ofthe bundles of FtsZ Fig Effects of TMAO on ... Where, SN, SI and SU represent the intrinsic signal intensities ofthe native, intermediate andthe unfolded states, respectively DGNfiI and DGIfiU are the standard free energies for the NfiI and IfiU...
... very indicative, in our opinion, ofthe adequacy andthe basis of this orientation, on the one hand, andthe destiny of linguistics, on the other hand Of course, these implications might be too ... constructions The frequency of WA, FA-, LA-, and Ø in front of QAD Frequency ofthe compound perfect The distribution and frequency of sawfa/saThe frequency of QAD, laʕalla, and rubbamaa The contextual ... STRUCTURE ANDFUNCTIONOFTHE ARABIC VERB Structure andFunctionofthe Arabic Verb is a corpus-based study that unveils the morpho-syntax andthe semantics ofthe Arabic verb Approaches...
... estimate the frequency and intensity ofthe labeling on particles, we quantitated the number of labeled particles with the associated gold dots Particles were identified by their size (between 90 and ... The average size of these particles (90 nm diameter) corresponds to MLV particles Moreover, the presence of dark electron dense ring or circle in these particles is typical of assembled MLV particles ... examined from that of other vacuoles containing VLPs (Compare Fig 5A and 5B) More than hundred cells were analyzed andthe colocalisation ofthe gold-labeled BSA andthe VLPs was never observed in the...
... expressed ones [5-7] We have studied the relationship between the phyletic age of a protein and its expression profile, and related this to thefunctionofthe protein The term 'phyletic age' used here ... proteinsthe inanalysis analysis tionalhere assignments of analysis in the analysis analysis FuncFunctional File usedof of thethe proteins analysis analysis Phyletic Additionalforof ofthe proteins ... proteins) The extent ofthe cellular specialization can be implied fromthe observation that only one-third ofthe proteins are expressed in all tissues examined In some of these cases, functions...
... factor functionThe combined results of these studies have expanded our current understanding ofthe expression andfunctionofthe PRL family of enzymes as well as ofthe role these important signaling ... expression of PRL-1 mRNA and strong expression of PRL-2 mRNA in the glandular epithelia ofthe prostate (A,B), urothelia ofthe bladder (C,D), and glomeruli and tubules ofthe kidney (E,F) In the urinary ... characterization ofthe tissues and cell types that express PRL-1 and -2 is important to elucidating the physiological functionofthe normal genes and to understanding their roles in the pathogenesis of disease...
... associated with the deletion of multiple chromosomal regions including chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q Such chromosome loss is often suggestive ofthe deletion or loss offunctionof TSGs The candidate ... either have a repressive effect on the regulation ofthe cell cycle or promote apoptosis, and sometimes both The functions of tumor suppressor genes fall into several categories including the ... Inhibitors ofthe growth signaling pathways have become the therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer because studies from recent years provided emerging evidences that growth factor receptors and the...
... The Benefits and Costs ofthe Clean Air Act fron 1990 to 2020 and other sector-specific emissions models developed and used in various offices of EPA's Office of Air and Radiation These emissions ... reflects the ratio ofthe low benefits estimate to the central cost estimate, while the high ratio reflects the ratio ofthe high benefits estimate to the central costs estimate The Benefits and ... acknowledge and discuss these types of discrepancies and their impact on the outcome of our analysis in the document In addition, despite our efforts to comprehensively evaluate the costs and benefits of...
... measurements, the titration of these metals was performed by competition in the presence of Cd Equilibrium was established within ofthe addition ofthe metal The data corresponding to the titration of ... ofthe copper to the thiolates ofthe protein A plot ofthe intensity ofthesignal at 265 nm against the concentration of added copper showed that a plateau was reached when 0.5 equivalents of ... pH 7) in the presence of Cu(I) (from top to bottom) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 lM The insert shows the plot ofthe intensity ofthe dichroic signal at 265 nm vs the concentration of introduced...
... liver and four other organs ofthe spadefoot toad Scaphiopus couchii [19] In the present study, two GST isoforms were purified from liver ofthe anoxia tolerant turtle, T s elegans Analysis of kinetic ... Using the standard curve constructed fromthe protein standards (Fig 4B), the molecular mass ofthe Peak GST subunit was determined to be 34.0 kDa (Table 2) Peak showed subunits of 36.8 and 32.6 ... mass ofthe native dimer being 59.8 ± 3.25 kDa Elution from Sephacryl S-200 resulted in an activation ofthe enzyme (125 and 118% yield as compared with the activity after the Matrix Red column and...
... N-terminal, structured part of Xis is involved in therecognitionof DNA [18,57] On the other hand, the results also indicate that the C-terminal a-helix, predicted in the work of Wu and co-authors for ... to other proteins of this class, such as the DNA-binding domain ofthe Mu repressor [21] Third, the backbone atoms ofthe region comprising the ÔwingÕ b-sheet (residues 2–4, 35–36 and 41–44 of ... samples from 1.0 to 2.9 mgÆmL)1 The molecular weights of Xis_wt and Xis_C28S were calculated, fromthe amino acid sequence, to be 8.635 kDa and 8.619 kDa, respectively The analyses ofthe Cp,pr(T) functions...
... revealed the presence of these AP2 domains in the deduced amino acid sequences The structure ofthe AP2-like genes ofthe Hordeum genotypes is similar to that of other AP2-like genes (Figure 1) They ... barley AP2 in tritordeum The results are of interest in understanding the role ofthe AP2-like gene in the spike morphology of cereals and in understanding the regulation of this gene in barley ... based on the alignment ofthe AP2-like proteins obtained fromthe BLASTp ofthe H chilense (H11 and H208) and H vulgare cv Betzes (H106) AP2 predicted proteins The GenBank numbers ofthe AP2-like...
... J(0)] The dashed curve (theoretical curve) was calculated for J(0) and J(xN) as a functionof s, using a simple Lorentzian functionThe left-hand inset shows an overview ofthe theoretical curve and ... Fig The localization ofthe experimental points in Fig along the correlation line is directly related to the distribution ofthe energy between the overall tumbling andthe internal mobility, and ... residues and hence does not conflict with the global interpretation ofthe data With the exclusion ofthe N-terminal octapeptidyl and C-terminal nonapeptidyl fragments of Glu17, Leu34 and Lys46, the...
... size and temperature The metabolic theory of ecology uses these scaling relations to make and test THE METABOLIC THEORY OF ECOLOGY predictions about the effects of energy and materials on the ... empirical and theoretical work in biological oceanography and limnology that relates the structure, functionand biotic composition of these systems to the body sizes ofthe organisms present andthe ... survival The effects of changes in the magnitude of each of these traits on the others (e.g increased offspring size may be traded off against a reduction in offspring number), and their relationship...
... and kidney To compare the amounts ofthe two variants expressed in the testis, we performed the PCR using the primers ‘d’ and ‘c’, where the cDNAs for both Noxo1b and Noxo1c are amplified as the ... between the pair of primers (Fig 2A) The lengths ofthe PCR products of Noxo1b and Noxo1c were 225 and 240 bp, respectively To delineate the difference in the two products, we subjected the PCR ... show the expression of alternatively spliced transcripts ofthe NOXO1 gene, by PCR using variant-specific primers, andthe roles ofthe protein products in activation of Nox oxidases Results and...