... utilize a state of the art parser for PS trees (Charniak, 1999), and transform eachcandidate to TDS. This strategy can be considered a first step to efficiently test and compare differentmodels before ... next.3.4 Evaluation Metrics for TDSThe re-ranking framework described above, al-lows us to keep track of the original PS of eachTDS candidate. This provides an implicit advan-tage for evaluating ... coordination, a linguistic phenomena highlyabundant in natural language production, but of-ten neglected when it comes to evaluating parsingresources. We have therefore proposed a specialevaluation...
... measure shows substantial im- provement in structural disambiguation over a syntax-based approach. 1. Introduction In a large natural language processing system, such as a machine translation ... R&D Road II, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu, TAIWAN 30077, R.O.C. ABSTRACT In natural language processing, ambiguity res- olution is a central issue, and can be regarded as a ... information. Hence, we will show how to annotate a syntax tree so that various interpretations can be characterized differently. Semantic Tagging A popular linguistic approach to annotate a...
... replaced by a floating-rate bond, a floating-rate bond replaced by a fixed-rate bond,and a floating-rate bond replaced by another floating-rate bond with a different index or a different margin.MOTIVATION ... refunding analysis that has not been adequately treated to date is the analysis of a bond refundingproposal with overlapping interest. For example, although Maris [6] included overlapping interest ... have to be evaluated on a case by casebasis to calculate the exact costs or savings produced by the various interacting variables. Consequently, there is a need for an interactive computer model...
... outlinedabove by introducing a very fundamental data structurecalled Initiative (Fig. 3). An initiative is a generalizationof any form of action that has a defined start and end dateand is unde rtaken ... rtaken to reach a goal. Therefore, an initiativemay be a program, a project, a sub-project, a pro ject phase, a work package, an activity or a task (indicated by theinheritance relationship between ... Their feasibility, profitability, and strategic impactare analyzed so that a final decision can be made regard-ing their implementation (Idea Evaluation). This phaseends with a formal go/ no -go decision...
... 4: Manual EvaluationsHere, we manually evaluate quality of summaries, a common DUC task. Human annotators are giventwo sets of summary text for each document set,generated from two approaches: ... this paper.In this paper, we present a novel approach thatformulates MDS as a prediction problem basedon a two-step hybrid model: agenerative model for hierarchical topic discovery and a regression model ... 12Overall 24 66 2Table 4: Frequency results of manual quality evaluations.Results are statistically significant based on t-test. T ie indi-cates evaluations where two summaries are rated equal.according...
... represented by a bag-of-word. Among the words, there is a topic term Avatar (t1) occurring twice, i.e. Avatar in A and Avatar in C, and two senti-ment words comfortable (o1) and favorite (o2) ... 4.1.1 Benchmark Datasets Our experiments are based on the Chinese benchmark dataset, COAE08 (Zhao et al., 2008). COAE dataset is the benchmark data set for the opinion retrieval track in the ... report, Stan-ford University. Bo Pang and Lillian Lee. 2008. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundations and Trends in In-formation Retrieval, 2(1-2): 1-135. Ana-Maria Popescu and Oren...
... needs a word dictionary and takes long time for searching many character combinations. 614.2 Experiment Results and Analyses We used two separate Eumjeol n-grams as lan-guage models for experiments. ... be divided into statistical algorithms and rule-based algorithms. Statistical algorithms generally use character n-gram (Eojeol1 or Eumjeol2 n-gram in Korean) (Kang and Woo, 2001; Kwon, ... exist spaces As shown above, the performance is dependent of the language model (n-gram) performance. Jaso transition probabilities can be obtained easily from small corpus because the...
... Recognition Evaluation (LRE) data. The database was intended to establish a baseline of performance capability for language recognition of conversational tele-phone speech. The database contains recorded ... identification us-ing Gaussian Mixture model tokenization, in Proc. of ICASSP. Yonghong Yan, and Etienne Barnard. 1995. An ap-proach to automatic language identification based on language dependent ... 515–522,Ann Arbor, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational Linguistics A Phonotactic Language Modelfor Spoken Language Identification Haizhou Li and Bin Ma Institute for Infocomm Research...
... paper, we present a block-based modelfor statis-tical machine translation. A block is a pair of phraseswhich are translations of each other. For example, Fig. 1shows an Arabic-English translation ... set of candidates. This computational advantageis the main reason that we adopt the local model in thispaper.3.3 Global versus Local ModelsBoth the global and the localized log-linear models ... Conference(HLT 04), pages 177–184, Boston, MA, May.Christoph Tillmann and Fei Xia. 2003. A Phrase-basedUnigram Modelfor Statistical Machine Translation. InCompanian Vol. of the Joint HLT and NAACL Confer-ence...
... Levelt and Cutler's error repairs and ap- propriateness repairs, statistical analysis does not sup- 6We performed the same analysisfor the last and first syllables in the reparandum and ... test all the acoustic-prosodic features we examined in our de- scriptive analysis, since features such as glottalization and coarticulatory effects had not been labeled in our data base for ... utterances were prepared by ARPA contractors accord- ing to standardized conventions. The utterances were labeled at Bell Laboratories for word boundaries and intonational prominences and phrasing...
... serve as a three-dimensional atlas of the anatomy ger-mane to aesthetic surgery of the face. Althoughthese models can be viewed from any angleand made selectively transparent to illustrateanatomical ... photographs enhancedin Adobe Photoshop 7.0 and materials de-signed in Maya.RESULTS A virtual reality model of surgical superficialfacial anatomy was created. Included in this model are the ... cleft palate repair. Plast.Reconstr. Surg. 115: 236, 2005.21. Cutting, C., Oliker, A. , Khorammabadi, D., and Haddad,B. A deformer-based surgical simulator program for cleft lip and palate surgery....
... propose a cascaded linear model for joint Chinese word segmentation and part-of-speech tagging. With a character-basedperceptron as the core, combined with real-valued features such as language models, ... at the same time, we expand boundarytags to include POS information by attaching a POSto the tail of a boundary tag as a postfix followingNg and Low (2004). As each tag is now composedof a ... ap-proach of discriminative models treats segmentationas a labelling problem by assigning each character a boundary tag (Xue and Shen, 2003), Joint S&Tcan be conducted in a labelling fashion...
... important subtask for many natural language processing applications,such as partial parsing, information retrieval andmachine translation. A baseNP is a simple nounphrase that does not contain other ... pp.218-224.COLING-ACL’98Lance A. Ramshaw and Michael P. Marcus ( InPress). Text chunking using transformation-basedlearning. In Natural Language Processing UsingVery large Corpora. Kluwer. Originally appearedin ... PennTreebank Wall Street Journal (Penn Treebank).Ramshaw & Markus (1998) applied transform-based error-driven algorithm (Brill 1995) tolearn a set of transformation rules, and usingthose...
... score for summary qualitywas not. For the Mitre data, the differences in scorebetween the Concat and Sent systems for grammati-cality and summary quality were statistically signif-icant at the ... text to assist aphasic readers. InProceedings of the AAAI-98 Workshop on IntegratingArtificial Intelligence and Assistive Technology.R. Chandrasekar, Christy Doran, and Srinivas Bangalore.1996. ... parser achieves an f-score of for EDUidentification, for identifying hierarchical spans, for nuclearity identification and for relation tagging.coherence was not. The score differences for gram-maticality,...
... we averaged the data over the study period rather than using panel-data analytic techniques. As more years of data on individual vehicles become available, it may be advan-tageous to adopt a ... estimated odometer reading by age, annual mileage by age, esti-mated annual down days by age, and estimated annual parts and labor cost by age. VaRooM also required economic parameters as inputs—specifically, ... 365 days per year) of data when computing averages fora vehicle. For example, if a vehicle had 485 days of EDA and usage data, the average repair cost and usage figures included only one year...