... programs, she advises clients on topics such as annual and long- term incentive performance metric calibration and plan design, equity pool management and corporate governance towerswatson.com ... is the long- term incentive mix 2008 37% 2009 39% 2010 38% 36% 26% 24% 33% 41% 26% Stock Options Restricted Stock Performance Plans Companies may be reacting to the recent volatility in the ... Proprietary and Confidential 10 Prevalence of performance measures in long- term incentive plans remained fairly constant… Prevalence of Long- Term Incentive Performance Measures 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%...
... a cat-feeding device Why feed kitty the boring old way? A few short hours and some household odds and ends is all it takes to make a fantastical Rube Goldberg–style cat-feeding machine! hide a ... harajuku styles Tokyo’s Harajuku neighborhood is a mecca for fashionable youngsters, who flock there on Sundays to hang out, show off, and get inspired Check out a few of the many styles on display ... cracking voice nurse a shaving nick Drink war water m with honey treat sweaty palms Apply ice to the nick Touch up with a styptic pencil Moisten tissue to remove Apply a piece of toilet tissue Try...
... operations, the growth of internal capacity and the prioritization of existing resources Over the next three years we will strengthen our commitment to our community-led service philosophy through a ... services In recognition of our unique role in the community, digital literacy services will be designated as a core service, complementing EPL’s long- standing commitment to early literacy services ... we could make for our customers over the next three years EPL’s LONG- TERM PLANNING FRAMEWORK WHAT SHARED VALUES OUR MISSION LONG TERM WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE VALUE WHY WE EXIST WHERE WE ARE GOING...
... countries, regulatory authorities monitor the speed and quality of broadband services and oblige operators to provide accurate quality-of-service information to end users Korea (Rep.) Bulgaria ... Fixed-broadband subscriptions per Economy 100 inhabitants Economy • Europe leads in broadband connectivity, with fixed- and mobile-broadband penetration reaching 26% and 54%, respectively Active mobilebroadband ... broadband speeds below 2 Mbit/s • An Internet connection with a speed of 256 kbit/s limits the types of applications and services that Internet users can enjoy Service providers for data-intensive...
... mortality rate and the cancer mortality rate We replicate the analysis of the CV mortality rate for two other mortality rates: the mortality rate for all causes, and the cancer mortality rate ... mortality by household socioeconomic status, since there are typically no long run data registers (see Sastry, 2004) In this sense, our paper aims to complement these studies by studying long run ... heterogeneity in the CV mortality rate and in the censoring due to other death causes 15 4.1 4.1.1 Estimation of duration models for the individual CV mortality rate Models for individual mortality rates...
... evokes, carrying along with them prospects for negotiation, kinship, solidarity and vulnerability to the kinds of psychological impacts that involve identification and security (or, conversely, ... recognition that our sexuality assigns meaning in relation to our individuality (Professor Fikile Mazibuko) Professor Mazibuko, then deputy vice-chancellor at the University of KwaZuluNatal (now ... the right, equality, dignity and respect enshrined in our Constitution also included the equal protection of sexual orientations, not just heterosexuality, but also homosexuality Since 1993 we...
... (Axel.Lindner@iwh-halle.de) The Department of Economics, European University Institute (EUI) Team Leader: Giancarlo Corsetti (Giancarlo.corsetti@eui.eu) Anàlisi Quantitativa Regional (AQR-IREA), Universitat ... faster than other sectors while the production of capital goods will remain strong throughout 2010 • The possibility of an intensifying crisis of confidence in the euro area is a significant ... in Japan has, after a strong expansion during the winter, slowed down markedly during summer The jump in European production in the second quarter was made possible by strong demand from emerging...
... be formed by diffusing either a Ptype impurity, such as Boron, into a N-type bulk or epitaxial silicon wafer, or a N-type impurity, such as Phosphorus, into a P-type bulk or epitaxial wafer The ... formed by diffusing either a P-type impurity, such as Boron, into a N-type bulk or epitaxial silicon wafer, or a N-type impurity, such as Phosphorus, into a P-type bulk or epitaxial wafer The ... responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out...
... for long- haul applications, typically, as the bandwidth is increased, the sensitivity is decreased The alternative to the p-i-n photodiode, the avalanche photodiode, improves the sensitivity of ... density of n-metal junction, that is, by nature, similar to the FET, but is controlled by current density Due to the fact that the intensity of light radiation directly controls the current density, ... will impact receiver sensitivity Also, at high gains, the device bandwidth will be limited by the gain-bandwidth product (a typical value of this product is 100 GHz) A typical operating current gain...
... 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York 2Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal 1USA 2Canada Introduction The inclusion ... continued surge in CMOS imager popularity goes beyond the lower cost to other factors such as ability to integrate the sensors with electronics, and the ability to achieve fast, customizable frame ... a greater photogeneration region, while the stronger E increases the drift velocity of the photogenerated carriers In principle, the drift velocity increases in proportion with E, so even with...
... Sensors implant TG PR FD n-type FD p-type PD p-type STI Process-2 PD (Ph+BF 2) PD (Ph+BF2) FDN (Ph+BF 2a) FDN (Ph_a+BF2a) Sidewall Etch PD Process-1 105 Sidewall Etch n-type p-layer (a) FD FDP (BF2b) ... block type without the STI edge-effect shows the lowest leakage compared to other structures As shown in Fig 5(b), current density of PD for perimeter and corner is higher than that of the area type ... n+/pwell diode of island type Also the high-temperature activation energy for a pixel-type buried diode is around 0.83 eV, lower than Eg As shown in Fig 1(c), pixel-type buried diodes have a...
... potential profiles are similar for type A and type B FD, suggesting that the impurity profiles are also similar Thus, the integrated charge can be transported in both types without loss under sidewall ... comparator type of clocked flipflop and a D-type with asynchronous inputs (PR and CLR ) The clocked comparator type offers operating speed and timing between the pixels of the array The D-type flip-flop ... 112 Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011 1E-05 Vg (reverse) Vs N-type P-type Vd Current (A) 1E-07 P-type 1E-09 1E-13 (a) Process-2 : CD Process-2 : AB Process-1 : CD Process-1 :...
... sensitivity performance criterion for digital receivers is its bit-error rate (BER), which is the probability of an error in the bit-identification by the receiver The receiver sensitivity is defined ... represented by a current source with a shunt capacitance [2] Common types of the Photodiode (PD) are p-i-n and avalanche PDs with the types defined based on the photo detection process First, the p-i-n ... Amplifiers 143 impact on determining the overall data rate and sensitivity that can be achieved in an optical communication system Typically the preamplifier is required to be able to accommodate wide-band...
... impurity to a shallow depth into silicon which is originally high purity p-type, sometimes called π-type silicon Thus the layer at the surface is highly doped n-type, often referred as n+ type ... electrode structure all this gives the possibility to act as a proportional detector for measurements of low intensity photons flux The typical density of microcells that can be produced is 1000–5000 ... n+pπp+, where π is a very slight p-type doping In an analogous fashion a diffused p+n junction detector can be constructed Since the density of acceptors in the p-type region is much lower relatively...
... region is around 400 nm where the PDE is 25% for the 1600 pixels type, 50% for the 400 pixels type and 65% for the 100 pixels type [34], reflecting the higher geometric factor value Silicon ... APD, which is the probability that a photon excited a carrier to reach the multiplication region, and ii) the avalanche breakdown probability, which figures the probability that a carrier in the ... position x, then the probability that neither the electron nor the hole causes an avalanche is given by (1 - Pe ) (1- Ph) where the function Pe is the probability that an electron starting at...
... power, and Pc is the pump power at unity conversion efficiency The complete quantum conversion demands a large nonlinearity of the nonlinear media together with a strong pump field Thus, periodically ... a resonant pump cavity with a stable cavity lock to enhance the circulating pump power (Albota et al., 2004); or enhancing single-photon frequency up-conversion by intracavity laser pump (Pan ... high enough to achieve unity conversion efficiency in the system With such a pulsed pump source, no cavity enhancement was required, much simplifying the whole system A long- pass filter with 1000...
... fabrication challenge for linear mode avalanche type detectors, especially critical in arrays is the detector gain uniformity Detector gain uniformity is a critical performance parameter since an ... detector, for several wavelengths We also carefully tuned the light intensity to keep at negligible levels the pile-up probability As an example here the analysis made on both the STMicroelectronics ... fabrication complexity of such detector devices and arrays compared to the more common, nonavalanching detectors such as CCDs and CMOS-APS devices One major fabrication challenge for avalanche type detectors...
... crystal quality of the grown samples The single crystal p-type diamond was grown keeping constant the microwave power, while the intrinsic layer was grown keeping constant the temperature The typical ... temperature The typical growth conditions are reported in Table Typical growth parameters Substrate Intrinsic diamond p-type diamond (100) HPHT type Ib Plasma composition CH4 - H2 CH4-H2- B2H6 Gas flow ... study of metal/p-type diamond contacts to obtain a good ohmic contact is also reported 320 Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011 4.1 Ohmic contact on p-type diamond High quality ohmic contacts...
... quality (Han et al., 1997) Of course, when the AlN buffer layer has too large grain size and too low nuclei density, it will take a too long time for the lateral growth of GaN islands, the quality ... above-mentioned results suggest that the intensity of the yellow luminescence band in n-type GaN is not influenced by the density of screw dislocations, but is strongly related to the edge dislocations ... electron mobility of n-type GaN, but it is not a simple one (Zhao et al., 2007c) In fact, even the intensity of yellow luminescence is often used as an indicator of material quality for GaN, it...
... World Activities in 2011 Figure 10 shows measurements of mobility-lifetime product and resistivity from decay lifetime measurements Mobility-lifetime (ML) was calculated to be 10-4 cm2/V, using the ... flexibility to future material designers, who will be able to increase effective atomic number and band-gap with less concern about impairing the material’s ability to transport charge (e.g., mobility-lifetime ... homogeneity of the composition should not exceed 0.0002 cm-1 in the exact alignment of sources which is an order of magnitude above the most stringent requirements for uniformity High homogeneity of...