usefulness of proteins in future robust molecular devices capability of reacting to biological environment biosensors and potential commercial applications
nanophotonics with surface plasmons, 2007, p.341
... 33 Đ Introduction Integrated optical devices and circuits are being increasingly used for light routing and switching in the rapidly developing area of broadband optical communications Such devices ... for the top and bottom claddings and using identical spinning and curing conditions After the nal polymer curing the wafer was cut into individual samples For optical characterization of the LRSPP ... adjustments of the PM ber were performed Coiled standard single-mode ber of km was used as out-coupling ber in order to strip off all light coupled into the ber cladding Index-matching gel was used to...
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Fabrication and characterization of semiconductor nanowires for thermoelectric application 3
... that of XPS Thus, AES is better in spatial analysis and identifying fine features On the other hand, XPS has the capability of determining surface chemical structure and bonding through the use of ... pressure of 0.01 mbar to minimize the presence of unintended contaminating gases such as H2O and O2 A counter-flow of Argon (Ar) gas, at a flow rate of 150 sccm, was then introduced during the ... out-gasing (of both the boat and the source) prior to the Au evaporation onto the Si surface was carried out to minimize incorporation of impurities into the evaporated Au film The thickness of the...
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Design, fabrication, and characterization of a solenoidsystem to generate magnetic field for an ECR proton source
... than μS/cm) having inlet temperature of 27◦ C Based on the length of the conductor, water pressure drop and flow, the inlet and outlet connections were provided Total five inlet and five outlet ... the axis The size and the power consumption of the solenoid coils were the limiting factors In order to increase the axial magnetic field and to obtain the required distribution, soft iron jacket ... Celona L, Ciavola G, Gammino S, Chines F, Presti M, Ando L, Guo X H, Gobin R, Ferdinand R 2004 Status of the Trasco intense proton source and emittance measurements Rev Sci Instrum 75(5): 1423–1426...
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fabrication and characterization of anodic titanium oxide nanotube arrays of controlled
... vibration of the ATO films in deionized water containing a small proportion of Al2O3 particles of average size 300 nm Parts a and b of Figure show top and side views of SEM images of ATO films after ... images of ATO films undergoing (a) a one-step annealing and (b) a two-step annealing The insets show specimen pictures of the corresponding ATO films: the one-step process leads to creaking of the ... TiCl4 Treatments of ATO Films The effect of the TiCl4 treatment on ATO films is reported to increase the amount of dye loading and hence to enhance the photocurrent of the device.18 In particular,...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Fabrication and characterization of carbon-based counter electrodes prepared by electrophoretic deposition for dye-sensitized solar cells" doc
... composites on fluorine-doped tin oxide [FTO] substrates Chemically converted graphenes, SWNTs, magnesium nitrate, and ethanol were mixed together in an ultrasonicator for several hours The FTO glass (7 ... glass (7 Ω·cm-2) and a stainless steel substrate were then immersed in the EPD solution The distance between the FTO and the stainless steel substrate was kept at cm, and a voltage of 30 V was applied ... contrasts, and they showed the presence of graphene wrinkles formed during the EPD deposition In the case of the SWNT electrode (b), relatively thick SWNT layers were deposited onto the substrates Finally,...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Fabrication and characterization of carbon-based counter electrodes prepared by electrophoretic deposition for dye-sensitized solar cells" pot
... composites on fluorine-doped tin oxide [FTO] substrates Chemically converted graphenes, SWNTs, magnesium nitrate, and ethanol were mixed together in an ultrasonicator for several hours The FTO glass (7 ... glass (7 Ω·cm-2) and a stainless steel substrate were then immersed in the EPD solution The distance between the FTO and the stainless steel substrate was kept at cm, and a voltage of 30 V was applied ... contrasts, and they showed the presence of graphene wrinkles formed during the EPD deposition In the case of the SWNT electrode (b), relatively thick SWNT layers were deposited onto the substrates Finally,...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Fabrication and characterization of well-aligned and ultra-sharp silicon nanotip array" ppt
... to reach 3-nm radius by subsequent oxidation and etching process A schematic model to explain the formation of nanotip array is proposed When increasing the etching time, the photoresist on top ... stripper for sec, and hence, the pinpoint of nanotip was exposed, as shown in Figure 1c Then, samples were immersed into the BOE solution to remove SiO2 on the pinpoint surface Finally, the PR was ... property Interestingly, the exterior appearance of the tip is transforming with etching time As seen in Table 1, the top-view appearance of the initial PR is rectangular, while after 4min etching...
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Design, fabrication and characterization of thin film materials for heterojunction silicon wafer solar cells
... although an independent optimisation of the point-contact size is required for both front and rear emitter devices in order to balance the gain in VOC and JSC with the drop in FF with shrinking rear ... 2011 to 8.7 billion in 2035, which is a fundamental driver of energy demands, and the continued dominance of fossil fuel usage will lead to dwindling reserves leading to increased costs, further ... conduction band offset, and a sufficiently high valence band offset so as to have an efficient collection of photogenerated electrons while minimizing the back diffusion of holes into the electron...
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Large area plasmonic nanostructures design, fabrication and characterization by laser
... Simulated intensity distribution of UV light in photoresist layer exposed twice to form a fringe pattern under the same incident angle (θ) (b) Photograph of Lloyd’s mirror interferometer to tune the incident ... nanofabrication tools, such as laser nanofabrication and thermal annealing, with the aim of implementing the potential applications both in terms of refractive index sensing and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy ... angles of incidence, θ = 6°(black solid line) and θ = 10° (red dashed line), respectively Inset: SEM image of a plasmonic crystal of nanoantennas The bottom of the plot is 1-R-T as a function of...
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2D and 3d terahertz metamaterials design, fabrication and characterization
... naturally occurring materials, including metal, semiconductor, and insulator, inherently not respond to the terahertz waves In this sense, the materials have to be designed by the human beings if we ... Challenges and Opportunities Minghui Hong, Zaichun Chen, Chin Seong Lim, and B Luk’yanchuk OSA-COS Topical Meeting on Applications of Optical Metamaterials (AOM), 22-25 June 2009, Tianjin, China (Invited ... UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2011 Acknowledgements I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my supervisors, Prof Hong Minghui and Prof Chong Tow Chong for their invaluable...
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Fabrication and characterization of advanced ALGaNGaN high electron mobility transistors
... demonstrated In order to further boost the device performance of 16 AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMTs, strain engineering using a DLC stress liner was explored In order to enable GaN power devices to be fabricated in ... His knowledge and innovation in the field of semiconductor devices and nanotechnology has been truly inspirational He has always been there to give insights into my research work and I have greatly ... Fabrication and Characterization of Advanced AlGaN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors by LIU Xinke Doctor of Philosophy − Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore...
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Fabrication and characterization of germanium photodetectors
... of speed performance of waveguide Ge photodetectors Another trend of the Ge photodetectors continuous evolvement is the increasing of the detector bandwidth At the starting point of Ge detector’s ... Clading Intrinsic Tintrinsic p+ Fig 2.4: Schematic of a waveguide-fed photodetector The waveguide integrated photodetectors (Fig 2.4) have been considered to be one of the most promising candidates ... diode with “I” stands for intrinsic, includes an intrinsic region in between P and N regions Due to the built -in potential or external reverse bias, the intrinsic region is depleted and has high...
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Fabrication and characterization of composite membranes for gas separation
... blanketing of perishables during transportation due to their compact and lightweight Examples include OBIGGS (On Board Inert Gas Generating System) in aerospace, purging and blanketing in chemical ... thickness ranging from 0.2 to 0.4 µm Pinholes were reported to be existing in these membranes, which caused a significant depression of the selectivity to 70 ~ 75% of the intrinsic property in homogeneous ... emerging applications, the separation of hydrocarbons and chlorofluoro carbon vapors from air appears to be rapidly transferred to the status of commercialization Separation of olefinic and paraffinic...
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Fabrication and characterization of luminescent silicon nanocrystal films
... spectra of Si NC films deposited in and 100 mTorr O2 gases For the film deposited in mTorr O2 gas, a peak of elemental Si (Si0) at a binding energy of 99.8 eV and a peak of Si bonding to oxygen ... wavefunction in s momentum space for direct band -to- band recombination to occur The opening of the bandgap when the NC size shrinks is nowadays unquestionable The increase in the energy gap ∆E g due to ... confinement of charges stored in the NCs, as the lateral draining of the charges to the source and drain regions is restricted -2- Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Survey C Biomedicine...
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Fabrication and characterization of memory devices based on organic polymer materials
... source to the drain and form the ON current (Ion) 1.1 MOSFET and Moore’s Law Chapter 1: Introduction Since the invention of the first integrated circuit (IC) in 1958, the semiconductor industry ... role in establishing the sudden increase in injection current and in the retention of high-conductivity state after the bias was removed [81] Similar switching and memory behavior to that of the ... Electrical switching in these polymer devices is then a consequence of the forming, rupture and reforming of these filaments [88] 1.6.2.3 Semiconducting Polymers Since the initial discovery in 1977 that...
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Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured half metals and diluted magnetic semiconductors
... limiter of CMOS scaling and new types of devices based on different operating principles will be required Among many of the possible candidates, the idea of using spin in electronics, i.e., spintronics, ... [3,4] Spintronics involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degree of freedom in materials and devices [5] As in this case, the information is carried by both the spin and charge ... degree of freedoms of an electron, it offers opportunities for a new generation of devices combining standard microelectronics with spin-dependent effects Adding the spin degree of freedom to conventional...
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Fabrication and characterization of the ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes
... die, and then immersed in a coagulation bath Introduction Chapter-I containing a nonslovent The nonsolvent begins to diffuse into the polymer solution and the solvent begins to diffuse into coagulation ... removal of highly colored lignin and chlorinated lignin derivatives arising from bleaching of wood pulp [Bindoff, 1987], demineralization in the dairy industry [Horst et al., 1995], removal of small ... conical spinneret on ultra-filtration hollow fiber spinning Since in the channel of conical spinneret, the radial flowing will influence the chain packing of macromolecules further and subsequently...
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Fabrication and characterization of AIGaN gan HEMTs
... unit cell and thus two lattice constants, c and a It contains six atoms of each type and consists of two interpenetrating Hexagonal Close Packed sublattices, each with one type of atom, offset along ... Heterostructures in Semiconductors In conventional semiconductor devices, only one type of semiconductor material is used in the fabrication of the devices Control of current flow is achieved by creating ... of new devices based on doping and material variations in the various layers These changes in the energy band provide an additional means, independent of doping and applied external fields, to...
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Fabrication and characterization of lateral spin valves
... dynamics of spin in solid state devices, and this begins with a clear understanding of spin injection, spin accumulation and spin detection Since the discovery of the anisotropic magnetoresistance ... the spin injector and detector in order to study the spin relaxation lengths in copper and aluminum The spin relaxation lengths of copper and aluminum at 20 K were found to be µm and 300nm, respectively ... Review aluminum and gold, as well as on increasing the spin injection efficiency of their spin valves A summary of the spin relaxation lengths and spin injection polarizations obtained for different...
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Fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals
... Summary Photonic bandgap (PBG) crystals have attracted great attention because of their potential applications in confining and controlling electromagnetic waves in all three directions of space ... monodisperse particles possess photonic stop bandgaps One of the promising methods of fabricating photonic crystals with complete photonic bandgaps is to fill the voids in three-dimensional colloidal ... function of v the wavevector k , these frequency “bands” form the band structure of the crystal Figure 1.2 shows band structure of an ‘inverse’ face-centered cubic lattice of spheres consisting of...
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