... model ofthe role of point of view in problem solving. SUMMARY We have reported here a three pronged approach to the study of problem solving action and report: I) the collected of data ... solving and talk about problem solving, 2) development of a process model of these behaviors, and 3) use of coding techniques to extract traces of "critical phenomena" from the transcripts ... relltld ~O the ~r~romnoe oF 5he problem tooK, lad o~here tt~c are oZoeely related to the report ofthe task aoClona. ~n the psr~lo,,~ar problem demean ofthe H~aeionsr£ee and CannLbae8 pusxle,...
... W,issimply the sum ofthe body mass of all individuals. For organisms ofsimilar size, itcan be estimated by taking the product ofthe population, N,andthebodymass,M. Similarly, the store of each ... obvious.We asked the author(s) of each paper to examine the importance and role of body size in the systems in which they work. Essentially the book builds from the level ofthe individual and a consideration ... level to the flux, storage and turnover of these elements at the level of ecosystems.Our second example concerns the role of metabolism in trophic relationships,including thestructureand dynamics...
... resemble teardrops [32].Further examination ofthestructureand sequence of sbwAFP and TmAFP reveal other similarities (Fig. 8 C). The panel shows the similarity ofthe TXT face again, a ndalso ... determine the handedness ofthe proteins, ormay prevent the unfolding ofthe protein at cold temper-atures. The b-helix as an AFP structural motif? The sbwAFP and TmAFP structures represent the firstAFPs ... of X-ray structure with 5 °C NMR structure using the main chain of residues Ser12 fiThr70 in t he structure a lignment. (B) O verlap of the X-ray structure with the 30 °C NMR structure using the main...
... orm of b strand [18]. The positive bands at » 1675 cm)1in the amide I r egion of the ROA spectra of b-andj-casein, which originate mainlyin the peptide C O stretch, are characteristic of ... (although there is a hint) in the ROA spectra of b-andj-casein may be evidence that, as suggestedpreviously [3], the b -structure identi®ed above mainly t akes the f orm of unassociated b strands rather ... positive ROAat » 1320 cm)1to PPII structure relies mainly on the evidence outlined above.In view ofthe c lose similarity ofthe ROA spectra of the casein, synuclein and tau proteins shown in t his...
... between the Leu residues from v-KIND and MAP2 contributes to the interaction between the two proteins.In conclusion, the present study has clarified the structural and functional importance ofthe ... and 482) and one Thr residue (amino acid 487) were well conservedin the KIND2 of v-KIND in all species analyzed,although not in the other KINDs. To investigate the possible involvement of these ... under-stood, the data obtained in the present study indicatethat the 43 residues (amino acids 702–744 in mice) thatreside in the middle region ofthe CD act as the v-KIND binding core. The v-KIND-binding...
... (Met1)-ONC(M23L) by the addition of AAP, as described in the Materials and methods. Completion ofthe hydrolysis wasconfirmed by the disappearance ofthe (Met1)-ONC(M23L) signal in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra ... analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The addition ofthe protease is considered the zero time point. The relative intensities ofthe peaks from the mass spectrawere used to calculate the fraction of Pyr-ONC (M23L), ... simplify the protocol and shorten the time needed to obtain a fully active ONC compared withother procedures described in the literature. The application of MALDI-TOF MS to the characterization of...
... basis for structure- activity studies. The highselectivity ofthe a-conotoxins, together with the possibility of obtaining detailed information on their three dimen-sional structures andthe relative ... native and heterologously expressed nAChRs The examples presented above clearly demonstrate the usefulness of a-conotoxins in the determination of the structureand function of native nAChRs, and ... so far. The great variability of the conotoxins and their highly specific action on different ionchannel subtypes derives from thestructureofthe peptideswhich have evolved conserved and hypervariable...
... Fragments of HSQC and HMBCspectra of compound 1. Labels illustrateassignment ofthe amide linkage between the amino group of Asp andthe carboxyl group of GalA residue E.Scheme 1. The structures of ... min), dried and analyzed by GC-MS with the standardsprepared fromD-GalN and (R)- and (S)-2-BuOH. The absolute configuration of L-aspartic acid was deter-mined by chiral HPLC ofthe oligosaccharide ... allow u s to p ropose the structures of oligosaccharides 1 and 2, as presented inScheme 1. The o ligosaccharides were further analyzed by CE-MS and by CE-MS/MS (Figs 5 and 6). The mass spectraobtained...
... cADPR analogues revealed new insights into the structure activity relationship. Substitution of either the northern ribose orboth the northern and southern ribose resulted in much simpler molecules,which ... northern and southern riboses are pri-marily necessary as linkers between the base adenine(or hypoxanthine) andthe diphospho-bridge, as theycan be replaced by much simpler ether strands. Theseether ... ether strands. Theseether strands mimic the distance between the nucleo-base andthe diphospho-bridge, but on the other handlikely are involved in polar interactions with the cADPR receptor protein....
... SDS/PAGE and in 2D PAGE (Figs 1 and 2; Table 1). The N-terminal amino acid sequences (see above) allow the assignment ofthe HcA clone to the major sequence of the upper hemocyanin band in the SDS/PAGE ... against the hemocyanin fraction showstaining ofthe two 75 kDa bands in Western blot, but donot recognize any other proteins ofthe hemolymph.Although we expected that each of these bands containstwo ... primers andthe T3 vector primer. The sequences were obtained after the cloning ofthe PCRproducts into the pCR4-TOPO TA vector (Invitrogen).Protein structure modelingHomology models ofthe S....
... us. Neither of theseparameters are within the range of our experimentalobservations, and therefore the predominant species insolution are the monomer and dimer. Additional evidencethat the crystallographic ... arrestin and arrestin in the presence of phosphopeptide is given at the top ofthe (B) and (C), expressed as apercentage ofthe total signal from the detector.Ó FEBS 2002 Activation of visual ... provide the radius of gyration (Rg), definedas the root mean square distance of all atoms from theircommon centre of mass. The Rgcanbeusedtoevaluatetheoverall shape of a scattering particle. The...
... those in the TG structure. The arrow indicates the Tyr27 residue. The mean and SD ofthe val-ues are 0.25 A˚ and 0.15 A˚, respectively. (B) The backbone atoms of liganded and unliganded structures ... Displacement ofthe backbone atoms of Mglu and Bacillus glutaminase induced by ligand binding. Displacement val-ues for backbone atoms ofthe nonliganded and liganded structuresare shown. The average and ... 4. Effect of L-glutamate and Tris onbackbone atoms. Backbone atoms of the overall amino acid residues ofthe T and TG(T ⁄ TG), N and G (N ⁄ G), G and TG (G ⁄ TG), and N and T (N ⁄ T) structures...
... region of the 1H,15N-HSQC spectrum of the C-terminal domain of human eRF1 illustrating the presence of two conformational states ofthe protein.Fig. S2. Plot ofthe number and distribution of the NOEs ... However, thesestructures do not show the coordinates ofthe atoms inFig. 6. Superposition ofthe representative NMR open conformer of the C-domain (red and blue) on the crystal structure [20] of the complex ... 0.08Percentage of residues in the most favorable region of the Ramachandran map91.1 85.5Percentage of residues indisallowed region of the Ramachandran map00Superimposition ofthe structures on the...
... ofthestructureof NADP+-bound FeRrevealed that the nicotinamide moiety of NADP+faces the re-side ofthe isoalloxazine ring, and that the 2¢-P-AMP moiety is held in the groove between the ... sheet with the b12 of the other monomer, and towards the C-terminus, the subsequent residues, Phe182–Lys186, pass through the a2 vicinity ofthe other monomer. For the FeR dimer, the N-terminal loop ... present the crystal structure of DvMF flavoredoxin and discuss the key residues forligand binding and metal ion binding, based on the crystal structures.ResultsCloning and sequencing ofthe flavoredoxin...