python n gram language model
Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Succinct N-gram Language Model" ppt
... Compressingtrigram language models with Golomb coding. InProc. of EMNLP-CoNLL 2007.O. Delpratt, N. Rahman, and R. Raman. 2006. Engi-neering the LOUDS succinct tree representation. InProc. ... N- gram counts. By using 8-bit floating pointquantization1, N -gram language models are com-pressed into 10 GB, which is comparable to a lossyrepresentation (Talbot and Brants, 2008).2 N -gram ... imple-mentation of N -gram language model index-ing/estimation pipeline (Brants et al., 2007).Table 1 summarizes the overall results. Weshow the initial indexed counts and the final lan-guage model...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Improved Smoothing for N-gram Language Models Based on Ordinary Counts" doc
... estimating N- gram language models.Kneser-Ney smoothing, however, requiresnonstandard N- gram counts for the lower-order models used to smooth the highest-order model. For some applications, thismakes ... new method eliminatingmost of the gap between Kneser-Ney andthose methods.1 IntroductionStatistical language models are potentially usefulfor any language technology task that producesnatural -language ... currently be the best approach when language models based on ordinary counts are desired.ReferencesChen, Stanley F., and Joshua Goodman. 1998.An empirical study of smoothing techniques forlanguage...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Large-Scale Syntactic Language Modeling with Treelets" docx
... despite training on positive data alone.We also show fluency improvements in a pre-liminary machine translation experiment.1 Introduction N- gram language models are a central componentof all ... Google Inc. 2007. Large lan-guage models in machine translation. In Proceedingsof the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.Eugene Charniak and Mark Johnson. 2005. ... Graehl, Kevin Knight, DanielMarcu, Steve DeNeefe, Wei Wang, and IgnacioThayer. 2006. Scalable inference and training ofcontext-rich syntactic translation models. In The An-nual Conference of the...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Creating Robust Supervised Classifiers via Web-Scale N-gram Data" pdf
... Workshopon Natural Language Generation.Natalia N. Modjeska, Katja Markert, and Malvina Nis-sim. 2003. Using the Web in machine learning forother-anaphora resolution. In EMNLP.Preslav Nakov and ... Search enginestatistics beyond the n- gram: Application to nouncompound bracketing. In CoNLL.Preslav Ivanov Nakov. 2007. Using the Web as an Im-plicit Training Set: Application to Noun CompoundSyntax ... Large-scalesupervised models for noun phrase bracketing. InPACLING.Xiaofeng Yang, Jian Su, and Chew Lim Tan. 2005.Improving pronoun resolution using statistics-basedsemantic compatibility information. In ACL.874be...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Large Scale Distributed Syntactic, Semantic and Lexical Language Model for Machine Translation" doc
... client, then the n- gram countsmapped and stored in a number of servers, result-ing in exactly one server being contacted per n- gram when computing the language model probability ofa sentence. ... annotated with phraseheadwords and non-terminal labels. Let W be a sen-tence of length n words to which we have prependedthe sentence beginning marker <s> and appendedthe sentence end ... 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall.R. Kneser and H. Ney. 1995. Improved backing-off form -gram language modeling. The 20th IEEE Interna-tional Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Incremental Syntactic Language Models for Phrase-based Translation" pptx
... Language modelingwith tree substitution grammars. In NIPS workshop onGrammar Induction, Representation of Language, and Language Learning.Arjen Poutsma. 1998. Data-oriented translation. InNinth ... 2009.Quadratic-time dependency parsing for machine trans-lation. In Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th Interna-tional Joint Conference on Natural Language ... Henderson. 2004. Lookahead in deterministicleft-corner parsing. In Proceedings of the Workshopon Incremental Parsing: Bringing Engineering andCognition Together, pages 26–33.Liang Huang and...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "The impact of language models and loss functions on repair disfluency detection" pptx
... ofTraining Corpus Size on Classifier Performance forNatural Language Processing. In Proceedings of theFirst International Conference on Human Language Technology Research.Eugene Charniak and Mark ... bythe noisy-channel model and the external language models. We only include features which occur atleast 5 times in our training data.The noisy channel and language model featuresconsist of:1. ... 2002. SRILM - An Extensible Lan-guage Modeling Toolkit. In Proceedings of the Inter-national Conference on Spoken Language Processing,pages 901–904.Qi Zhang, Fuliang Weng, and Zhe Feng. 2006....
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Investigation of Discounting in Cross-Domain Language Models" ppt
... M -Gram Language Modeling. In Pro-ceedings of International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing.Robert C. Moore and William Lewis. 2010. Intelligentselection of language model ... growing discounts, sincefrequent n- grams will appear in more of the re-jected sentences, and nonuniform discounting over n- grams of each count, since the sentences are cho-sen according to a likelihood ... the count of each n- gram, is one of the core aspects of Kneser-Ney language modeling (Kneser and Ney, 1995). For allbut the smallest n- gram counts, Kneser-Ney uses asingle discount, one that...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An ERP-based Brain-Computer Interface for text entry using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation and Language Modeling" ppt
... Transactions on Reha-bilitation Engineering, 8(2):216–219.B. Roark, J. de Villiers, C. Gibbons, and M. Fried-Oken.2010. Scanning methods and language modeling forbinary switch typing. In Proceedings ... brain-computer interface. NeuralSystems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Trans-actions on, 13(1):89–98.M.S. Treder and B. Blankertz. 2010. (C) overt atten-tion and visual speller design in an ERP-based ... methodsintegrating language modeling into grid scanning.2 RSVP based BCI and ERP ClassificationRSVP is an experimental psychophysics techniquein which visual stimulus sequences are displayedon a...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Lexicon Adaptation for Improved Character Accuracy – A New Direction in Chinese Language Modeling" pptx
... interestingdirection.ReferencesMaximilian Bisani and Hermann Ney. 2005. Open vo-cabulary speech recognition with flat hybrid models.In Interspeech, pages 725–728.Keh-Jiann Chen and Wei-Yun Ma. 2002. Unknownword ... can be used in the construction.That is, beginning with only characters in the lexi-con and using the training data to alter the currentlexicon in each iteration. This is also an interestingdirection.ReferencesMaximilian ... constructed by differentlexicons and corresponding language modelsIn Table 6 we only evaluate ranks on those ref-erence characters that can be found in its corre-sponding confusion network cl ust...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Smoothing a Tera-word Language Model" doc
... Speech and Language. R. Kneser and H. Ney. 1995. Improved backing-off form -gram language modeling. In International Confer-ence on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.David J. C. Mackay and ... wereeliminated leaving 1,162,052 tokens in 51,339 sen-tences. Capitalization and punctuation were left in-tact. The n- gram patterns of the Brown corpus wereextracted and the necessary counts were ... performancewith a 3 -gram model and gives 8.53 bits of cross en-tropy on the Brown corpus.4.2 Kneser-NeyKneser-Ney discounting (Kneser and Ney, 1995)has been reported as the best performing smooth-ing...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Discriminative Syntactic Language Modeling for Speech Recognition" pdf
... University.http://arXiv.org/abs/cs/0105019.Ronald Rosenfeld, Stanley Chen, and Xiaojin Zhu. 2001.Whole-sentence exponential language models: a vehicle forlinguistic-statistical integration. In Computer Speech and Language. Fei Sha and ... parsing and language model- ing based on constraint dependency grammar. Ph.D. thesis,Purdue University.Peng Xu, Ciprian Chelba, and Frederick Jelinek. 2002. Astudy on richer syntactic dependencies ... the syntactic language model has the taskof modeling a distribution over strings in the lan-guage, in a very similar way to traditional n- gram language models. The Structured Language Model (Chelba...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Phonotactic Language Model for Spoken Language Identification" pptx
... of unit length. Our second weighting is based on the notion that an n -gram that only occurs in a few languages is more discriminative than an n - gram that occurs in nearly every document. ... results on the 1996 NIST Language Recognition Evaluation database. 1 Introduction Spoken language and written language are similar in many ways. Therefore, much of the research in spoken language ... identification of spoken language based on pho-netic units much more challenging than the identi-fication of written language. In fact, the challenge of LID is inter-disciplinary, involving...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Reading Level Assessment Using Support Vector Machines and Statistical Language Models" pdf
... text and “adult” text. This resultedin 12 LM perplexity features per article based ontrigram, bigram and unigram LMs trained on Bri-tannica (adult), Britannica Elementary, CNN (adult)and CNN ... based on the observedfrequency in a training corpus and smoothed usingmodified Kneser-Ney smoothing (Chen and Good-man, 1999). We used the SRI Language ModelingToolkit (Stolcke, 2002) for language ... language modeling techniques tothis task. Si and Callan (2001) conducted prelimi-nary work to classify science web pages using uni- gram models. More recently, Collins-Thompson andCallan manually...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "A Unified Framework for Automatic Evaluation using N-gram Co-Occurrence Statistics" pptx
... ∑∑∑∑∈∈∈∈=}{),(}{),()()()(CandidatesCnCSngramCandidatesCnCSngramclipngramCountngramCountnP where Count(ngram) is the number of n- gram counts, and Countclip(ngram) is the maximum number of co-occurrences of ngram ... ),()()()(ferencesRnRSngramferencesRnRSngramclipngramCountngramCountnR where, as before, Count(ngram) is the number of n- gram counts, and Countclip(ngram) is the maximum number of co-occurrences of ngram in the reference answer and its corresponding ... using ST and eliminating the unigrams found in SW. We therefore define a recall score as: ∑∑∑∑∈∈∈∈=}{Re ),(}{Re ),()()()(ferencesRnRSngramferencesRnRSngramclipngramCountngramCountnR...
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- a structured language model
- combining a statistical language model
- web augmentation of language models
- generating statistical language models
- character level language models
- build chinese language models
- n gram language models
- discriminative n gram language modeling for turkish
- discriminative n gram language modeling
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