... (EEPROM/EPROM), digital and analog inputs, A/D converters, pulsewidthmodulation (PWM), timer functions, such as event counting and pulsewidth measurement, prioritized inputs, and in some cases ... fixed DC voltage or by pulsewidthmodulation (PWM) In a PWM signal, such as shown in Fig 3.8, a voltage is alternately turned on and off while changing (modulating) the width of the on-time signal, ... CRC Press LLC Amplitude T = Time = Period t = time 50% Duty Cycle FIGURE 3.8 20% Duty Cycle Pulsewidthmodulation Actuator Output Like sensors, actuators were first introduced in a previous section...
... (EEPROM/EPROM), digital and analog inputs, A/D converters, pulsewidthmodulation (PWM), timer functions, such as event counting and pulsewidth measurement, prioritized inputs, and in some cases ... fixed DC voltage or by pulsewidthmodulation (PWM) In a PWM signal, such as shown in Fig 3.8, a voltage is alternately turned on and off while changing (modulating) the width of the on-time signal, ... CRC Press LLC Amplitude T = Time = Period t = time 50% Duty Cycle FIGURE 3.8 20% Duty Cycle Pulsewidthmodulation Actuator Output Like sensors, actuators were first introduced in a previous section...
... PBVPs with impulses on time scales Comput Math Appl 56, 2010–2018 (2008) [36] Zhang, HT, Li, YK: Existence of positive periodic solutions for functional differential equations with impulse effects ... \Ω1 ) Preliminaries Throughout the rest of this article, we always assume that the points of impulse tk are right-dense for each k = 1, 2, , m We define P C = {x ∈ [0, σ(T )]T → R : xk ∈ C(Jk ... 226–236 (2007) 16 [9] Li, JL, Shen, JH: Positive solutions for first-order difference equation with impulses Int J Diff Equ 2, 225–239 (2006) [10] Nieto, JJ: Periodic boundary value problems for first-order...
... with impulses,” International Journal of Difference Equations, vol 1, no 2, pp 225–239, 2006 15 Y Li, X Fan, and L Zhao, “Positive periodic solutions of functional differential equations with impulses ... < a 1.6 Preliminaries Throughout the rest of this paper, we always assume that the points of impulse tk are rightdense for each k 1, 2, , m We define PC {x ∈ 0, σ T x tk T −→ R : xk ∈ C Jk ... Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1996 D D Ba˘nov and P S Simeonov, Systems with Impulse Effect: Stability, Theory and Applications, Ellis ı Horwood Series: Mathematics and Its Applications,...
... be given by W log2 [det(I + (Ps HH† )(BE[ZZ† ]B† )−1 )] , CAF (s, r, d) = (5) where W is the bandwidth, det(·) is the determinant function, I is the identity matrix, the superscript “†” represents ... Ns The source node that uses rj under ψ The signal noise ratio between nodes u and v Channel bandwidth Signal transmitted by node s Received signal at node v (form node u) Background noise at node ... 9, respectively, with details given in Table III For the simulations, we assume W = 10 MHz bandwidth for each channel The maximum transmission power at each node is set to W Each relay node employs...
... i.e the latter arises as the sharp interface limit of the phase-field model when the interface width is taken to be zero Therefore employed in this way phase-field models not seem to be of much...
... and 5A) The DNA-binding surface of the ˚ homology modelled SPO11-1 is a channel of 20 A in ˚ in width, and therefore each diameter and 30 A SPO11-1 would accommodate eight to nine base pairs ... 600 nm, as determined using an UltroSpec 4300 pro spectrophotometer (optical length, 10 mm; slit width, mm; GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK) The cells were then incubated at 15 °C for 24 h in...