... misfold or unfold leading to various diseases 1.1 Protein folding diseases As mentioned, proteins need its fold to be functional So unsurprisingly diseases exist due to the inability of proteins ... 1.4 ALS8-causing mutations in VAPB 18 A form of FALS classified as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type (ALS8) is caused by a mis-sense point mutation in the MSP domain of hVAPs This disease-associated ... STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONSTUDIESOF VESICLE-ASSOCIATED MEMBRANE PROTEIN- ASSOCIATED PROTEIN B ASSOCIATED WITH AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS Lua Shixiong B.Sc (Hons.), NUS A THESIS SUBMITTED...
... end of which is the AdoHcy binding site, which is composed of residues from SET-N, SET-C and the post-SET domain (Fig 3A) In published 3D structures of other SET domain proteins that also contain ... the protein, as mutation of any of the cysteine residues involved in zinc coordination results inprotein unfolding [22] The structure contains a positively charged surface groove containing ... the protein backbone is shown with zinc ions represented as spheres The surfaces of amino acid residues perturbed by DNA binding in chemical shift and mutagenesis experiments are indicated in...
... The capsule surface of the desmonemes showed only background staining intensity FESEM analysis using protein A–gold confirms the localization of spinalin predominantly on the spines of the desmoneme ... restored by mildly denaturing conditions This indicates that spinalin is highly condensed in these structures [3] Spinalin is not homologous to any proteinin the databases, but has regions with ... analysis of spinalin S Hellstern et al according to ultracentrifugal analysis of the noncrosslinked spinalin of the first peak, only monomers are present (Fig 4A) The size of the particles is in...
... dissolving to ensure the equilibrium between the tautomers Steady state kinetics of EcIPDC In all previous kinetic studies on EcIPDC, a discontinuous assay based on HPLC was used [7] To analyse ... that there is no indication for any substrate activation processes in EcIPDC catalysis The absence of lag phases in the progress curves obtained from stopped-flow experiments using indolepyruvate, ... characterized by H NMR spectroscopy The 1H NMR spectrum of freshly dissolved indolepyruvate consists of the typical signals and spin systems of the indole moiety (triplets of 5-H and 6-H at 7.12...
... degree of disorder in the ABDs of spinophilin and neurabin On the basis of these analyses, spinophilin and neurabin ABDs were predicted to be intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) Spinophilin ... concentrations of the spinophilin constructs, as this has been shown to shift the activity of other proteins between F-actin bundling and crosslinking [39] Spinophilin is a pointed-end capping proteinIn ... reference sets of ordered (circles) and disordered (dots) proteins Both spinophilin and neurabin score above the discriminator line, indicating intrinsic disorder The results of these analyses (B and...
... HIV-1 strain consisting of Figure NMR studiesof Tat proteins NMR studiesof Tat proteins Tat Z2 (A), Tat Bru (B), Tat Mal (C), and Tat Eli (D) 3D structures obtained from NMR constraints [36-38,44] ... contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by maintaining an amino acid reserve for glucogenesis and for the synthesis of essential proteins by targeting cell organelles and aggregates of ... leading to apoptosis Furthermore, as microtubules serve as scaffolds for signaling molecules that regulate apoptosis, such as Bim, disruption of microtubule dynamics releases these signaling...
... Knockdown of Dnmt1 11 using antisense oligonucleotides causes inhibition of cell growth due to an intra -S phase arrest of DNA synthesis and induces expression of many stress response genes This slow ... transcriptase polymerase chain reaction S serine SAM S- adenosyl-L-methionine SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate sec second (s) SET Suppressor of Variegation, Enhancer of Zeste and Trithorax SID Set1 interaction ... proteins (Dillon 2005) SET-domain-containing proteins methylate a few proteins in addition to histones The functionof SET-domain proteins is to transfer a methyl group from S- adenosyl-L-methionine...
... that this domain accelerates the degradation of HMGR in response to high levels of cholesterol NPC1 is another protein containing SSD Clinical studies show that SSD is necessary to maintain activity ... As discussed above, cholesterol homeostasis means a subtle and dynamic balance of cholesterol Interestingly, with respect to both sides of cholesterol homeostasis, in most organisms, the main ... of NPC1 It has been found that missense mutations in the SSD region are associated with loss offunctionof the NPC1 protein, which cause cholesterol accumulation in the endosome/lysosome system...
... methods, such as steady-state kinetic measurements, small-angle X-ray solution scattering (SAXS) and protein crystal structure analysis Results Expression and purification EcODC was expressed in ... alterations of the protein conformation This is also valid for the solution structures as determined using SAXS Superposition of solution and crystal structures showed a very high degree of accordance, ... and PADP, shown as spheres), and as schematic secondary structures (a helices indicated as brown cylinders, b sheets indicated as yellow arrows) B Substrate binding site Due to the wide-stretched...
... number of proteins in each classification is expressed as a percentage of the total number of proteins in each set and compared to the functional classification of all proteins in Arabidopsis An asterisk ... expression patterns of dual-targeted proteins across several tissue types and developmental stages reveals that they are relatively static, displaying similar levels of expression across green ... by proteins involved in photosynthesis [36] The Toc159 family in Arabidopsis consists of four proteins: Toc159, Toc132, Toc120 and Toc 90 [37] It is possible that one of these members is specialized...
... functions [25] OsRPA70a is expressed in proliferating tissues that contain meristems, such as root tips and young leaves, but also more weakly in mature leaves; OsRPA70b is expressed mostly in ... for 30 Six-histidine fusion proteins of OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b were present in the inclusion body fraction, so cell pellets were subjected to three rounds of resuspension in binding buffer, sonication, ... analysis Polyclonal antibodies against OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b were raised in rabbits using proteins purified as described above (Overexpression of recombinant OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b) These antibodies...
... hydrogenation using Pd ⁄ C (10%) Of the three sets of compounds of 6- and 9-mers of l-, d- and l ⁄ d-enantiomers of arginine chains and their aminoglycoside conjugates (neamine, paromomycin and neomycin), ... procedures Materials and analytical procedures Neomycin B and paromomycin were purchased from Sigma (Rehovot, Israel) as sulfate salts and were used as free base aminoglycosides Neamine was synthesized ... compared to similar lengths of lysine polymers [13] Poly argininecontaining peptides are also known as potent furin inhibitors, with the 9-mer d-poly arginine being the most active inhibitor [14]...
... a-helical propensity of leucine is nearly as high as that of alanine [38], the long hydrophobic side chain of leucine resembles the side chain of methionine in its length and the absence of the branched ... molecular size of rLy-TK166)136 by tricine/ethylene glycol/SDS/PAGE Because the standard SDS/PAGE methods resulted in diffuse protein bands and insufficient resolution of the relatively small rLy-TK166)136 ... b-carbon atom classically considered to destabilize a-helices because of steric clashes The side chain of leucine differs from valine, isoleucine and threonine by having a branch at its c-carbon atom,...
... kDa) in lane and lane 6, which reflect the amounts of ubiquitinated proteins, were taken as 100% Concerning physiological roles of RING finger proteins in fishes facing osmotic stress, a paper has ... anti-(Na+,K+-ATPase) In freshwater specimens, anti-eRBCC immunostaining was observed mainly in epithelial cells of the secondary lamella (Fig 8, panels a and e) The staining pattern was reminiscent of that of ... several members of the RBCC family is shown The conserved Cys and His residues are shown with asterisks The zinc-coordinating Cys and His residues of the B-box that binds one Zn atom are indicated...
... choices for representing the smooth function f in model (1) include natural splines, penalized splines and smoothing splines (Other less common choices are LOESS smoothers or harmonic functions.) ... the gam functionin S- PLUS is used with smoothing splines to represent f This function is not the same as the gam functionin R Here, the user specifies the target number of degrees of freedom ... regularly spaced and the smoothing spline scheme leads to n equally spaced knots along the time period of the data set Since smoothing splines can be considered a special case of penalized splines (Ruppert...
... mechanism are essentially the same as described above for cytoplasmic PTPs Unusual features are the KIM present in type VII RPTPs (also discussed above in the context of MAP kinase phosphatases, since ... increases considerably upon binding of phosphopeptides by their SH2 domains [32,33] Comparison of the structureof the auto-inhibited form of SHP-2 [34] with the structureof the N-terminal SH2 ... to classic PTPs A main difference from classic PTPs is that in LMWPTPs, the P-loop is found at the N-terminus of the protein (residues 12–19), whereas in the rest of PTPs it is found towards the...
... hence suggests a possible explanation of our observations Hence, our observations show that these nanostructures are promising to be used in FE applications In particular, the growth mechanism of ... angle of 120° This difference suggests that our nanostructures have a distorted graphitic structure which is consistent with our previous Raman and EELS results From these findings it is expected that ... nanotips will present good FE properties [26] FE Studies A SEM image of our FE set-up is shown in Fig 4a, and the inset is the TEM image representative of the type of fractal nanotips tested A...
... there has been no report concerning any case of inversion in this species The existence of an inversion in a karyotype can be a cause of pairing disturbances at the pachytene substage of meiotic ... for this pairing behavior In the case of inversion carriers this behavior is subdivided into stages : asynapsis, loop formation and heterosynaptic &dquo;straight pairing&dquo; The classical sequence ... shortness of the inverted fragment, establishment of loop formation may be impossible for physical reasons In the present study, behavior of the sex bivalent was used as an indicator of the sequence of...
... basic residues near the C-terminus) is seen in both proteins and is also observed in anophelin and thrombostasin The C-terminus of chimadanin is extended, compared to madanins 1.5.1.9 Antistasin-like ... fibrin into soluble products is the serine proteinase plasmin Plasmin circulates as inactive zymogen (plasminogen) in the blood Two enzymes, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) (released from vascular ... Ascaris-type proteinase inhibitors • • • Single domain of ~ to 11 kDa 10 conserved cysteine residues and disulfide linkages Has proteinase inhibition loop with basic P1 residue • • • • • • Antistasin-like...