... declared without the static modifier defines an instance field. Every instance of a class contains a separate copy of all the instance fields of that class. In the following example, each instance ... acme.cs, the command linecsc /t:library acme.cscompiles the example as a library (code without a Main entry point) and produces an assembly named acme.dll.Assemblies contain executable code ... Structs inherit from object indirectly. Their implicit direct base class is System.ValueType, which in turn directly inherits from object.An interface type defines a contract as a named...
... //for cout, etc.using namespace std;int main(){char charvar1 = ‘A’; //define char variable as characterchar charvar2 = ‘\t’; //define char variable as tabcout << charvar1; //display charactercout ... charactercout << charvar2; //display charactercharvar1 = ‘B’; //set char variable to char constantcout << charvar1; //display charactercout << ‘\n’; //display newline characterreturn ... backslash causes an“escape” from the normal way characters are interpreted. In this case the t is interpreted not asthe character ‘t’ but as the tab character. A tab causes printing to continue...
... When you install the framework you get a command line compiler which can take C# source files and convert them into executable ones using console commands such as: csc MyProg.cs This command ... then putting it back (which is really all computers do). The most popular speed measure in a computer is the clock speed. A CPU has a clock that ticks when it is running. At each clock tick the ... 1. Windows Phone is a powerful computing platform. 2. All Windows Phone devices have a core specification. This includes a particular size of display, capacitive touch input that can track at...
... 734Explicit Instantiation 736Exercises 738Solutions 742Chapter 33 Containers 749Container Types 750Sequences 752Iterators 754Declaring Sequences 756Inserting in Sequences 758Accessing Objects ... class defines acertain object type by defining both the properties and the capacities of the objects ofthat type. Objects communicate by sending each other “messages,” which in turn acti-vate ... 1FundamentalsThis chapter describes the fundamental characteristics of the object-oriented C+ + programming language. In addition, you will be introducedto the steps necessary for creating a fully functional...
... a decimal character code: ";cin >> code; c = code; // Save for outputcout << "\nThe corresponding character: " << c << endl;code = c; // Character code. ... setw()#include <string> // Class stringusing namespace std;int main(){string word; // To read a word.// char ch; is not needed.// cout << instead of cin >> .cout << ... needed for calculations and selections areintroduced. Overloading and other operators, such as those needed forbit manipulations, are introduced in later chapters.chapter5 82■CHAPTER 5 OPERATORS...
... additionalexercise—references and pointers to objects. 268■CHAPTER 14 METHODS// account2_t.cpp// Using the constructors of class Account.// #include "account.h"int main(){Account ... holiday.print();return 0;} 266■CHAPTER 14 METHODS// account.h// Defining class Account with two constructors.// #ifndef _ACCOUNT_#define _ACCOUNT_#include <string>using namespace std;class ... state = 0.0;}■CONSTRUCTORSClass Account with constructorsDefining the constructors CONSTRUCTORS■267ᮀ The Task of a ConstructorTraditional programming languages only allocate memory for...
... 328■CHAPTER 16 ARRAYS// AccountTab.cpp// An array containing objects of class Account.// #include "account.h" // Definition of class Account#include <iostream>using namespace ... string “Hello Eve" only occupies the first 9 bytes.✓NOTE// C- string.cpp : Using C strings.// #include <iostream>#include <iomanip>#include <cstring>using namespace ... define aclass to perform range checking for indices.You can create an array from any type with the exception of some special types, suchas void and certain classes. Class arrays are discussed...
... found account.// #include "account.h" // Definition of class Account.Account accountTab[100]; // Table containing accounts.int main(){int cnt; // Actual number of accounts.Account ... Pointer to Account-objects.// To input data into accountTab and actualize cnt.// To search for the account number 1234567:bool found = false;for( aPtr = accountTab; aPtr < accountTab+cnt;++aPtr)if( ... function reverse() on the opposite page copies the characters of a C string toa second char array in reverse order, first copying the last character in s1, that is, thecharacter with the index...
... setAxles( int a );int getAxles() const;void setCapacity( double cp );void getCapacity() const;void display() const;■EXERCISESFor exercise 1Class Truck being derived from class Car REDEFINING ... member objects are created anddestroyed.Exercise 2Derive two classes, DepAcc and SavAcc, from the Account class, which wasdefined in Chapter 14, in the section titled “Const Objects and Methods.”Additionally ... could contain the dimen-sions and other characteristics of a general windows. The characteristics need protecting;however, methods in derived classes will still need direct access.ᮀ Protected...
... base classes PassCar and Van contain a method called getProd(), whichthey both inherited from the Car class. In this case the compiler cannot decide whichmethod is meant.Ambiguity in the context ... matter whether a class derived directlyfrom Car contains a base initializer or not. Base initializers for virtual indirect baseclasses defined in the constructor of a direct base class are ignored. ... pageshows the inheritance and definition schemes for the new class. An object of theMotorHome class contains both the members of Car and the members of Home. Morespecifically, the object contains two...
... ABOUT FILES// account.h : Defines the classes// Account, DepAcc, and SavAcc// with virtual read and write methods.// // . . .enum TypeId { ACCOUNT, DEP_ACC, SAV_ACC };class Account{private: ... exceptio.h : Exception classes for file access// #ifndef _EXCEPTIO_H#define _EXCEPTIO_H#include <string>#include <iostream>using namespace std;class FileError{private:string filename;public:FileError( ... as"account.fle" cannot be found. POSITIONING FOR RANDOM ACCESS■641ᮀ Discovering and Changing the Current PositionThe file stream classes comprise methods to discover and change the current position in a...
... \n"<< endl;}};class SavAcc: public Account{private:double interest; // Compound interestpublic:// Methods as in class DepAcc.};// // The definition of class AccFileclass AccFile{private:fstream ... ReadError(name);Account* buf;switch( id ){case ACCOUNT: buf = new Account;break;case SAV_ACC: buf = new SavAcc;break; 666■CHAPTER 29 MORE ABOUT FILEScase DEP_ACC: buf = new DepAcc;break;}if( ... files.// #ifndef _ACCOUNT_H#define _ACCOUNT_H#include <fstream>#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>#include <string>using namespace std;#include "exceptio.h"enum...
... of pointers to accounts// according to the account numbers// #include "account.h"void ptrSwap(Account**, Account** );void accSort( Account** kptr, int n){Account **temp, **minp, ... DynamicallyNow let’s look into creating a dynamic array of pointers to Account class objects.Example: Account** ptr = new Account*[400];The pointer ptr is now pointing at the first pointer in the array ... with CR = '\r'!// Returns: Character that breaks the input.// #include <stdarg.h>#include <conio.h> // For getch() and putch()int input(char *buffer, int max, ){int c, ...
... <iomanip>#include <cstdlib>#include <ctime>using namespace std;void isort(int *v, int lenv);// For qsort():extern " ;C& quot; int intcmp(const void*, const void*);main(){unsigned int i, ... of rowsint lines, cols; // Number of rows and columnspublic:Matrix(int ro , int co){lines = ro; cols = co;mat = new Row*[lines];for(int i=0; i < lines; i++)mat[i] = new Row(cols);}Matrix:: ... and capital letters, and converting binarynumbers. Finally, the definition of bit-fields is introduced.chapter31 SOLUTIONS■703Matrix:: Matrix( const Matrix& m){lines = m.lines; cols...