nanomaterials conducting polymers and their nanocomposites for solar energy

THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS ppt

... maximal values for minPvalue, j and meanPvalue, j , and the minimal values for AICj and BICj across the datasets for each distribution type The bold and the italic values are the best one and the worst ... where x1, x2 and x3 are input quanti‐ ties, u ( x1), u ( x2) and u ( x3) are their respective uncertainties and y and u ( y ) are the measurand and its uncertainty, re‐ spectively; and b) propagation ... Simulation research and applications I am also grate‐ ful to InTech for their support in editing this book, in particular, Ms Iva Simcic and Ms Ana Nikolic for their publishing and editorial assistance...

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APPLICATIONS OF MONTE CARLO METHOD IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING_2 pot

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... HD term and HB term represent exchange interaction energy, magnetic dipole interaction energy and applied magnetic field energy, respectively Here Si denotes the spin state of i-th cell and rij ... interaction energy HJ, a magnetic dipole interaction energy HD, a magnetic anisotropy energy HA and an applied magnetic field energy HB; H = H J + HD + H A + HB (4) HJ term, HD term and HB term ... lattice site orientation is generated randomly and its energy E1 is calculated according to (2) Then a new random orientation is given to the i -th lattice site and energy E2 after reorientation is...

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APPLICATIONS OF MONTE CARLO METHOD IN SCIENCAPPLICATIONS OF MONTE CARLO METHOD IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING_1E AND ENGINEERING_1 doc

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... Bournel and Hervé Jaouen Chapter 15 Monte Carlo Device Simulations 385 Dragica Vasileska, Katerina Raleva and Stephen M Goodnick Chapter 16 Wang-Landau Algorithm and its Implementation for the ... programming languages and tools, the rapid growth of computing power and the availability of ever more advanced and powerful hardware, the need for increasingly complex and powerful computational ... characterization, security and examination of various other specimens The most used techniques for obtaining images are radioscopy for 2D and computed tomography (CT) for 3D imaging Apart from...

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APPLICATIONS OF MONTE CARLO METHODS IN BIOLOGY, MEDICINE AND OTHER FIELDS OF SCIENCE pps

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... between mass and energy which rarely happens in practical engineering processes, one can explain energy conservation, indicating total energy as the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy, ... integral factors: T for dQ and P ¯ fordW Therefore, dS and dV are exact differentials: S and V are state functions Thus, ¯ ΔS = B dQ ¯ A T ≥0 (26) where the equals sign is for a reversible process ... intermolecular forces and torques, whereas the moves sampled according to the standard Metropolis algorithm are chosen randomly in an arbitrary direction Therefore, if the inﬂuence of forces acting...

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Multi-Carrier Digital Communications - Theory and Applications of OFDM

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử - Viễn thông

... information into a waveform for transmission over a communication channel, which may introduce various forms of distortion as well as noise, and mapping the received waveform into digital information ... set to For the simple case of and and and are set to to the output of the IFFT is: where Of course the scaling by a factor of two is immaterial and can be dropped This real orthogonal transformation ... eigenvalues of the correlation function are and where For a Gaussian random process y(t), the coefficients in Equation 2.37 are Gaussian random variables and their powers are the corresponding eigenvalues...

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Multi-Carrier Digital Communications Theory and Applications of OFDM pdf

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử

... information into a waveform for transmission over a communication channel, which may introduce various forms of distortion as well as noise, and mapping the received waveform into digital information ... set to For the simple case of and and and are set to to the output of the IFFT is: where Of course the scaling by a factor of two is immaterial and can be dropped This real orthogonal transformation ... eigenvalues of the correlation function are and where For a Gaussian random process y(t), the coefficients in Equation 2.37 are Gaussian random variables and their powers are the corresponding eigenvalues...

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THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF CT IMAGING AND ANALYSIS pdf

Danh mục: Sức khỏe giới tính

... https://imaging.nci.nih.gov/ncia/faces/baseDef.tiles Informatics and Computerized Tomography Aiding Informatics and Computerized Detection and Computerized Tomography Aiding Informatics and Diagnosis of Solitary Lung ... anatomy and other anatomical landmarks We also present the way in which the landmarks are used for generating regional information needed for image interpretation Detection, classification and labelling ... Imaging and Analysis (Chapters 10 to 14) Part 5: CT Imaging and Analysis for Non-Medical Applications (Chapters 15 and 16) Parts to are devoted to theories and applications of CT imaging and analysis...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 1 ppsx

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... and vice versa For strictly band-limited baseband signals, Equation (1.40) states the following equivalence between baseband and passband transmission: we consider the detector for the baseband ... Equivalence of (a) wideband and (b) complex baseband AWGN for bandlimited detection unit of N0 is [W/Hz], which is the same as the unit [J] for the energy Usually, N0 is written as dBm/Hz For T0 = 290 K, ... Fourier transform is well defined for finite -energy signals Now, let s(t) and r(t) be two signals of finite energy, and S(f ) and R(f ) denote their Fourier transforms Then, s, r = S, R holds This fact...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 2 ppt

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... orthogonal Let u(t) and v(t) be two other finite -energy signals strictly bandlimited to B/2 and define √ u(t) = cos (2πf0 t) u(t) ˜ and √ v(t) = − sin (2πf0 t) v(t) ˜ Show that u, x = u, x ˜ ˜ and v, y = ... I D and QD are uniquely determined by u, I v = I D u, v ˜ ˜ and u, Qv = QD u, v ˜ ˜ for any (real-valued) finite -energy signal u(t) and v(t) Mathematically speaking, ˜ this means that I D and ... operators I and Q For the theory of linear operators, see for example (Reed and Simon 1980) Show that the definitions E {w(t1 )w(t2 )} = N0 δ(t1 − t2 ) and N0 φ1 , φ2 are equivalent conditions for the...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 3 ppt

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... we have used the shorthand notation L = L(S = +1) Now let S1 and S2 be two independent random signs and deﬁne S = S1 · S2 and write L1 , L2 , L for the corresponding LLRs for the positive sign ... have fallen back into the loose notation for random variables, that is, we use x for the random variable and CHANNEL CODING 111 for the value of the random variable as well We may replace P (x) ... write Bk for the set of those vectors b ∈ B for which bk = and Bk for the set of those for which bk = Then, P (bk = 0|y) = P (b|y) (0) b∈Bk and P (bk = 1|y) = P (b|y) (1) b∈Bk hold and the LLR...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 4 ppt

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... corresponding to DC in the complex baseband and to the center frequency fc in the passband, with negative k for the lower sideband and positive k for the upper sideband For reasons of symmetry, we may ... necessary de–interleaver −1 at the input for Lc and La and the s interleaver at the output for Le and L2 of RSC2 are included inside the SISO2 The MAP decoder for convolutional codes will be implemented ... stands for a system of numbers, where addition and multiplication and the corresponding inverses are deﬁned and which is commutative The existence of an (multiplicative) inverse is crucial: for...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 5 ppsx

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... (Banelli and Baruffa 2001; D’Andrea et al 1996) and references therein) 4.3 Synchronization and Channel Estimation Aspects for OFDM Systems 4.3.1 Time and frequency synchronization for OFDM systems ... rate would be necessary to evaluate the performance degradations for a given OFDM system and a given ampliﬁer for the concrete modulation and coding scheme For a given modulation scheme, the disturbances ... , f2 and transmit the bits numbers and on f1 and the bits numbers and on f2 , we have different power laws for different error events Let (0000) be the transmitted code word The power law for...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 6 pot

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... value Then xl = +3δ for bl(0) = and xl = +δ for ˆ bl(0) = For the ID case (bl(0) known), the erroneous symbols are xl = −3δ for bl(0) = = 3δ and = δ, both with and xl = −δ for bl(0) = 1, respectively, ... 4.58 for M = and SNR = dB The maxlog approximation is very close to the optimum and becomes practically the same for higher SNR values For the LSB, the maxlog and TR curves are identical For the ... spectrum for d = 10 and small and huge time-frequency interleavers if at least several hundred subcarriers are used This is the case for the digital audio and video broadcasting systems DAB and DVB-T...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 7 ppsx

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... mobile radio network Handover When an MS moves from one cell to another, a handover occurs One distinguishes between hard and soft handover For a hard handover, as it is performed, for example, in ... 6817 for the 8k mode and by K + = 1705 for the 2k mode The spacing fK/2 − f−K/2 between the highest and the lowest subcarrier is approximately given by 7607 kHz for the MHz channel, 6656 kHz for ... Subsection 4.5.3, this value can be tolerated, for example, for 16-QAM and code rate Rc = 1/2, but not for higher spectral efﬁciencies For 64-QAM and code rate Rc = 1/2, the maximum frequency...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 8 pot

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... Gaussian random variable with a mean value n · q and standard deviation √ of n · σI , where q and σI are the mean value and the standard deviation of the interference distribution for one interferer ... where the performance is lower than for a soft handover The performance difference between hard and soft handover with respect to macrodiversity depends on the averaging length and hysteresis ... and the Eb /N0 (assuming a high bandwidth and spreading factor) Keeping the bandwidth at a constant value and introducing channel coding reduces the effective spreading factor On the other hand,...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 9 pot

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... time-steps For K = 2, there will be two different expressions for the metric calculation, one for even and one for odd time indices We shall now evaluate the metric expression for K = and finite ... matrices R and C −1 −1 are regular, and multiply from the right-hand side by R−1 C† C and obtain A ES R + N0 CC† −1 = ES C−1 and, finally, A = ES C−1 ES R + N0 C† C −1 −1 The estimate for the transmit ... improve the performance significantly The optimal receiver for synchronous wideband MC-CDMA For synchronous MC-CDMA, the discrete transmission model is formally the same as above and thus the maximum...

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Theory and applications of ofdm and cdma wideband wireless communications phần 10 docx

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... cellular band at about 824–849 MHz in UL and 869–894 MHz in DL direction8 ; • the PCS band at about 1850–1910 MHz in UL and 1930–1990 MHz in DL direction These bands are divided into subbands and have ... loss formula of Problem 1.9 into a decibel notation and show that one obtains a formula of the form of Equation (5.2) Show that for f = GHz the parameters A and B take the values A = 98.4 dB and ... offset and to accomplish an easy cell search and soft handover mechanism Data transmission, channel coding and multiplexing All of the channels deﬁned for cdmaOne are also found in cdma2000 For...

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Advances in Theory and Applications of Stereo Vision Part 1 docx

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... Sergio Taraglio and Stefano Chiesa Chapter Impact of Wavelets and Multiwavelets Bases on Stereo Correspondence Estimation Problem Asim Bhatti and Saeid Nahavandi 17 Chapter Markov Random Fields ... admiration to INTECH Publisher for creating this open access platform to promote research and innovation and making it freely available to the community Dr Asim Bhatt i Centre for Intelligent Systems ... rotation (the pitch, roll and yaw angles), two direction cosines for the translation and a sixth value that is the standard deviation of a normal distribution used for the chromosome mutation,...

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Advances in Theory and Applications of Stereo Vision Part 2 pdf

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... maximum at k = p and k = p + εn(k) for |ε| small enough These points are known as wavelet transform modulus maxima Ξn , and are translation invariant through the wavelet transformation and can be expressed ... Ξnr and Ξnr be ´ the reference corresponding coefficients and Ξnc and Ξnc be the corresponding candidate 12 28 Stereo Vision Advances in Theory and Applications of Stereo Vision coefficients for ... Instead, zero padding is performed for coefficients that are not transform modulus maxima For correspondence estimation between stereo pair of images wavelet transform modulus maxima coefficients...

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Advances in Theory and Applications of Stereo Vision Part 3 ppt

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... of independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables, then Ni = G + η and and L j = G, where G ∼ N (ηl , σl ) stands for the gray level in the absence of noise and η ∼ N (0, ση ... N−1 2σx and φ = (52) N−1 ˆ ˆ ˆ2 For simplicity, for each window, let V = N and denote a = σl2 and b = ση which are two independent gamma r.v.’s: A ∼ γ (α a , φa ) and B ∼ γ (αb , φb ) Their joint ... knowledge, as independent uniform random variables, Ψ and Θ, in the intervals (− π, π ) and (0, π ), respectively(Law & Kelton, 1991) The projections of P and Q on the left and right image planes are...

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