... —Evaluating Small and Medium Enterprise Support Programs inLatinAmericaand support from the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Division oftheLatinAmericaandCaribbean Region ofthe ... sample of firms andinthe sub-sample of innovative firms, and they rejected the hypothesis of subsidies crowding out private R&D spending. However, no significant increases in patenting were found. ... on the scheme’s implementation inthe West and East Midlands of England, the South West of England and South Wales. The sample included 4,326 firms of which 2,840 firms re-ceived support (the...
... Ministerial Declaration Preventing through education1st Meeting of Ministers of Health and Education to Stop HIV and STIs inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean Preventing through ... settings, we, the Ministers of Health and Education ofLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean: 1.1 Affirm our commitment to the right to the highest possible level of health, education, non-discrimination ... implementation ofthe Program of Action ofthe International Conference on the Population and Development, of July 2, 19997;z The Declaration ofthe Tenth Ibero-American Summit of Heads of States, of...
... and other services in the poorer parts ofthe country (2). The role ofthe private sectorShifting the financing and/ or delivery of healthservices from the public to the private sector isanother ... assist in the assessment of existing capacity for thesefunctions and to help in strengthening such capacitywhen necessary (7).Continue building on the important role of NGOs. Changes in financing ... health inLatinAmericaand the Caribbean: challenges and opportunities] Mexico,Inter American Development Bank, Population Council, InstitutoNacional de Salud Publica, 2000, (in Spainsh, in press).3....
... (such as mothers and children). They are administered by the 20 Achieving Effective Social Protection for All inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean insurance systems operating in parallel, often with ... this increases the effective marginal The State of Social Protection inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean 33 insurance; (2) providing guidelines on ways to extend coverage by ration-alizing financing ... SI andthe associated lack of financialsustainability for many programs and systems.ã Reinforcing the targeting and poverty reduction effects of incometransfer programs, to strengthen their...
... used in monitoringHRH policies inthe region.Historically, as in other developing region,s the process of construction, dissemination, and utilization of infor-mation on HRH inLatinAmericaand ... state ofthe art HRH metrics inLatin America andthe Caribbean, identifying metrics on specific HRHissues, promoting comparative studies and formulatingnew goals inthe creation of feasible and ... describes the initial efforts of a regional non-governmental initiative in laying the foundation of a fra-mework to analyse the field of human resources forhealth (HRH) inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean. ...
... that the Chinese might notunderstand the “rules ofthe game” the way the United States does.That is one interpretation of both the crude Chinese nuclear threatsover the Taiwan crisis and Chinese ... the Strategic Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) in 1960. The SIOPwas intended to bring some order to the targeting process and integrate the burgeoning nuclear forces ofthe different servicesinto a single, ... threats in the future:ã Deterrence of nuclear attacks by threat of nuclear retaliation maycontinue to be the best option against the standard nuclearthreats ofthe past.ã Other kinds of deterrent...
... (i) improving the financial position ofthe institution by increasing reserves and strengthening lending capacity; (ii) providing grants, increasing concessional lending, or building fiduciary ... in direct loans and investments, and US$300.60 million in cofinancing operations, AR2007 shows US$470.00 million approved in direct loans and investments, and US$273.00 million in cofinancing ... is the ratio between net outstanding loans andthe sum of paid capital and retained earnings. Source: Annual financial statements of institutions. First, the IDB and SRDBs have expanded their...
... improve the funding structure ofthe banking system, diminishing the exposure of banks and therefore the extent of contagion via interconnectedness. For these reasons, in junctures of excess ... effective in reducing the procyclicality ofthe financial system, but this depends on the type of shock facing the financial system. The study specifically finds RRs to be effective in reducing the ... borrowing.2 A summary ofthe recent use of macroprudential measures inLatinAmerica is reported in Table 1. Despite their increasing use, the effectiveness of macroprudential policies in leaning...
... understanding ofthe evolution and nature of in- equality inLatin America, of its spatial and temporal trends, and of the impact of particularly pertinent policy instruments in tackling pov-erty and ... ofthe crucial underpinnings of persistent high levels of income inequality inLatin America. It can be explained by the colonial sys-tem andthe emergence of plantations of coffee, cocoa, and ... in LatinAmerica between 1870 and 1914) are adversely distributed to the landowners at the expense ofthe landless, the purchasing power of the landless remains limited. The more the growth of...
... importance inthe political and social world as well as inthe intellectual sphere. So, for liberal authors of the 18th andthe beginning ofthe 19th centuries the freedom of opinion was of great ... ofthe press andthe press itself, acompanied by the understanding of its vital necessity for the progress. The appearance ofthe “penny papers” inthe United States andin a certain way also in ... dubious as there areno measurements of power purchase parity because ofthe low reliability ofthe statistics ofthe last remaining dictatorship in Latin America. In any case, according to official...
... was interpolated by obtaining the 12-month ahead inflation projection ofthe corresponding year.For the period prior to the publication of an official inflation target the average yearly inflation ... Garcia-Escibano, and M. Vera Martin, 2012, “Credit Growth andthe Effectiveness of Reserve Requirements and Other Macroprudential Instruments inLatin America, ” Working Paper No. 12/142 (Washington: International ... needs to be undertaken in understating the mechanics of MaPPs, including quantifying their impact on credit, the output gap, and thus NRIR, and investigating whether their effect is temporary...
... view ofmeasuringthe evolution of the development gap ofthe involved countries before and after the inception of the WC model. The chapter is organised in ve sections in addition to this introduction. ... ratio and a drastic increase ofthe income elasticity of imports. Actually, in most Latin American countries the gross investment ratio declined vis- à-vis the investment coefcient of the golden ... America andtheCaribbeaninthe World Economy, 2000–2001, Santiago: ECLAC.ECLAC (Economic Commission for LatinAmericaandthe Caribbean) (2003) Latin America andtheCaribbeaninthe World Economy,...