handbook of food engineering

handbook of food engineering practice

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Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P1

... bledϭ(H6ϪH5)/(H2ϪH5)ϭ(196.15/1107.9)ϭ0.1771, or 17.71 percent.2. Find the amount of heat converted to work per pound (kg) of throttle steam(b) The amount of heat converted to work per pound (kg) of throttle steamϭ(H1ϪH2)ϩ(1Ϫ0.1771)(HgϪH4)ϭ467.3 ... given at the website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS1.10POWER GENERATIONfrom the steam bottoming cycle. For this study, two types of supplementary ﬁringare considered—(1) ... work of M. Boswell, R. Tawney, and R. Narula,all of Bechtel Corporation, as reported in Power magazine, where it was edited bySteven Collins. SI values were added by the editor of this handbook. Related...

Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P2

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... (0.28 kg) of water per pound (kg) of dry air. Since the watercontent of the air is a function of the partial pressures, (0.622) (0.5067) /[(2ϫ0.5067)]ϭ0.673 lb of water per lb of dry air ... a capacity of 8000 gal (30,280.0 L), and the steam spacehas a capacity of 30,000 gal (113,550.0 L) of water.Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright ... the quantity of steam, lbm/h (kg/h), lost from thecondenser.Calculation Procedure:1. Compute the mass rate of ﬂow per hour of the air leakageThe mass rate of ﬂow per hour of the estimated...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P3 pdf

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... combustionand increases the weight of the products of combustion per pound (kilogram) of coal burned. Therefore, the weight of the products of combustion is the sum of theweight of the combustion products ... cu m) of natural gas; 1300 cu ft of air (36.8 cu m) per gal (0.003785 cu m) of No. 2 fuel oil; 1450 cu ft of air (41cu m) per gal of No. 5 fuel oil; 1500 cu ft of air (42.5 cu m) per gal of No. ... /18)(0.013)ϭ0.0209, say 0.021 mol of waterper mol of air. The product of this and the moles of air gives the total moles of Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P4 pptx

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... Mƒϭlb of moisture per lb fuelburned; Maϭlb of moisture per lb of dry air to furnace; Cbϭlb of carbon burnedper lb of fuel burnedϭCϭRCr; Crϭlb of combustible per lb of refuse; ... velocity of 4400 ft /min(22.4 m /s), an outlet velocity pressure of 1.210 inH2O (0.30 kPa), a speed of 1222r/ min, and an input hp of 255.5 bhp (190.5 kW). The tabulation of these quantitiesis of ... lb of refuse; Rϭlb of refuse per lb of fuel; H2,N2,C,O2,Sϭlb of each element per lb of fuel, asﬁred; CO2, CO, O2,N2ϭpercentage parts of volumetric analysis of dry combustiongas...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P5 pdf

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... conditions of 1800 psia (12,402 kPa) and 1050ЊF(565.6ЊC). At exit from the cylinder the steam has a pressure of 500 psia (3445kPa) and a temperature of 740ЊF (393.3ЊC). A portion of this ... Terms of Use as given at the website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS5.4POWER GENERATIONm) are used. Use the Standards of the Bleeder Heater Manufacturers Association,Inc., ... more heaters. Plot the percentimprovement vs. number of stages of extraction, Fig. 6, to observe the effect of additional heaters. A plot of this type shows the decreasing gains made by addi-tional...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P6 pdf

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... (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ... introduced everyyear.*Elliott, Standard Handbook of Power Plant Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1989.Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright ... quantity of dust entering the engineEach 1000 ft3(28.3 m3) of air entering the engine contains 1.6 gr (103.7 mg) of dust. Thus, during every minute of engine operation, the quantity of dust...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P7 docx

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... this handbook. Once the required flow rate is determined, apply a suitable factor of safety. Thevalue of this factor of safety can vary from a low of 5 percent of the required flowto a high of ... reserved.Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS7.38PLANT AND FACILITIES ENGINEERING FIGURE 23 Negative lift (gravity ... riseIn any centrifugal pump, the rate of temperature rise trЊF/minϭ42.4(bhp inputat shutoff)/wc, where wϭweight of liquid in the pump, lb; cϭspecific heat of the liquid in the pump, Btu /...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P8 doc

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... velocity of aflowing fluid is changed by opening or closing a valve, pressure surges result. Theamplitude of the pressure surge is a function of the rate of change in the velocity of the mass of fluid. ... factor of 2 for traps installed between aboiler and the end of a steam main; traps at the end of a long steam main or ahead of pressure-regulating or shutoff valves usually have a safety factor of ... and King—Piping Handbook for derivation of the flow equations. Use the tables in Crocker and King to simplifyfinding the fifth power of the inside diameter of a pipe. The method of the nextcalculation...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P9 pdf

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... (339.6 m3/min) of air at a pressure of 14 lb/in2(abs) (96.46 kPa) and a temperature of 60ЊF (15.6ЊC).Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright ... (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ... cool-ing effectiveness of both types of towers are about equal. Data given on coolingtowers elsewhere in this handbook can be helpful to the designer in choosing thebest type of tower to use for...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P11 doc

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... heat HmBtu required to melt a solid is Hmϭ(weight of solid melted, lb)(heat of fusion of the solid, Btu /lb). Since the heat of fusion of lead is 10 Btu/ lb (23.2kJ/kg), Hmϭ(600)(10)ϭ6000 ... website.Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS11.2TABLE 1Heat-Exchanger Selection Guide*Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright ... NoWhat number of tubeside passes areavailable?Number limitedby number of tubesNumber limited bynumber of U-tubesNumber limited bynumber of tubesOne or two Number limited bynumber of tubes.Odd...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P12 pdf

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... Terms of Use as given at the website.REFRIGERATION12.28PLANT AND FACILITIES ENGINEERING This procedure is the work of Norman R. Sparks, Professor and Head, Depart-ment of Mechanical Engineering, ... theheat-transfer characteristics of the dehumidiﬁer used.This procedure, and Figs. 9 through 12, are the work of Norman R. Sparks,Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The PennsylvaniaState ... Professor of Mechanical Engi-neering, The Pennsylvania State University. SI values were added by the handbook editor.Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)Copyright...

Tài liệu Handbook of Corrosion Engineering P2 pdf

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... concentration of oxygen at the head26 Chapter OneHeadCoated alloyTailXFront of headBack of headDirection of propagationFigure 1.10Illustration of the filament nature of filiform corrosion.0765162_Ch01_Roberge ... of corrosion that occurs under avariety of coatings. Steel, aluminum, and other alloys can be particu-larly affected by this form of corrosion, which has been of particularconcern in the food ... cell is the acidification of the electrolyte with low oxygen concentration. This leads to the for-mation of an anodic metal dissolution site at the front of the head of the corrosion filament...

Tài liệu Handbook of Corrosion Engineering P1 pptx

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... theresults of collective efforts of many authors, the Handbook of Corrosion Engineering is the result of an extensive survey of state -of- the-art information on corrosion engineering by a principal ... production of the Handbook of Corrosion Engineering are drastically different than other handbooks dealing with the samesubject. While other corrosion handbooks have been generally theresults of collective ... cover, this Handbook isindeed the result of cumulative efforts of many generations of scien-tists and engineers in understanding and preventing the effects of cor-rosion, one of the most constant...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P13 doc

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... percent of the averageannual demand but may range up to 200 percent of the average annual demand.Maximum daily demands of 150 percent of the average annual demand and max-imum hourly demands of ... CONTROLF:MϭS /␪XOawhere F:M is the food to microorganism ratio in dϪ1.F:M is simply a ratio of the ‘ food ’ or BOD5 of the incoming waste, to theconcentration of ‘‘microorganisms’’ in the aeration ... effluentwastewater is to have a BOD5 of 20 mg/L. Both filters are to have a depth of 7feet (2.1 m) and a recirculation ratio of 2. Filter media will consist of rock. Sizeboth stages of the trickling filter...

Tài liệu Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations P14 pptx

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... (304.8-m) lengths of various sizes of pipe and for different values of the Hazen-Williams coefficientC. When the percentage of total flow is used for computing͚h in Fig. 11, the loss of head due to ... imperviousness of 50 percent if the time of concentration is 15 min? What wouldbe the effect of planting a lawn over 75 percent of the site?Calculation Procedure:1. Compute the hourly rate of rainfallTwo ... sewer,acres; Iϭcoefficient of runoff or percentage of imperviousness of the area; othersymbols as before. So Qϭ(40)(0.50)(8)ϭ160 ft3/s (4.5 m3/s).3. Compute the effect of changed imperviousnessPlanting...