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ethical considerations such as privacy

 Ethical Considerations Outline

Ethical Considerations Outline

Tài liệu khác

... EmotionPersuasion based on reason alone may be more ethical Reasoning alone may be insufficient to convince or persuade othersUse of emotion in persuasion may be unethical if the negotiators intent is self­serving and may harm the other party ... TacticsRely on persuasion rather than manipulation and coercionIdentify tactics to avoid (e.g. anything dishonest, disrespectful, irresponsible, manipulative)Agree to common guidelines (e.g. treat others with respect, avoid misrepresentations) OutlineEthics Defined Ethical NegotiationNegotiation TacticsEthics and EmotionResponding to Unethical NegotiatorsChapter 5 Ethical Considerations Societal Ethics“Ethics refers to our beliefs about what comprises a happy life, what makes for a worthwhile society; ethics also includes our beliefs about what behavior contributes to or frustrates the achievement of a worthwhile society.  Finally, ethics wonders about what features of character are worth cultivating.” Delores Dooley ­ Philosophyer ... NegotiationImportance of contextLocus of control•Internal locus of control – see yourself as a causal agent of what happens to you•External locus of control – view outside factors as the predominant cause of negative outcomes in your life•Those with internal locus of control are less likely to make excuses for their actions if found to be engaged in questionable tacticsRight to defend or protect self from unethical opponents EthicsBehaving in moral waysMost societies have guidelines for behaviorWhat one society views as unethical may be considered acceptable in another societyEthics is evolving rather than a set of standards that must never changeDevelop code of ethics...
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As such & such as

As such & such as

Tiếng anh

... Cách dùng as such và such as Hai cụm từ, as such và such as, trông thì có vẻ giống nhau nhưng trên thực tế hai cụm từ này khác nhau về nghĩa. As such có hai nghĩa. ... nói:She's an athlete, and as such she has to train very hard.The film was a romance, and as such it had the usual happy ending.Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng as such để diễn tả ý một ... sell books as such, but it does sell magazines and newspapers.Tạp chí và báo cũng là mặt hàng tương tự như sách, nhưng chúng không phải là sách.He isn't American as such, but...
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C++ - I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes

C++ - I/O Streams as an Introduction to Objects and Classes

Kỹ thuật lập trình

... Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyClassesA type whose variables are objects, is a classifstream is the type of the in_stream variable (object)ifstream is a classThe class of an ... Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyClass Member FunctionsMember functions of an object are the memberfunctions of its classThe class determines the member functions ofthe objectThe class ... class ifstream has an open functionEvery variable (object) declared of type ifstream has that open functionSlide 6- 9Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Pearson Addison-WesleyWhy...
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Lab Linux phan I, II Installing Linux as a Server

Lab Linux phan I, II Installing Linux as a Server

Hệ điều hành

... The GRUB boot loader will be install on /dev/sda. Chọn check box Use a boot loader password  chọn Change password. Nhập vào mật khẩu  chọn OK  chọn Next. - Thiết lập cấu hình mạng ... Trí Thức – Lưu Hành Nội Bộ 12 Chương trình cài đặt yêu cầu password root phải có chiều dài ít nhất 6 ký tự. Nhập password cho accont root  chọn Next. - Chọn các chương trình và packages ... tên usera: - Kiểm tra usera trong /etc/passwd : - Kiểm tra usera trong /etc/shadow: usera đang bị tạm khoá. Do chưa được tạo passwd. TRUNG TÂM ĐÀO TẠO QUẢN TRỊ VÀ AN NINH...
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Managing people working as individuals and in groups

Managing people working as individuals and in groups

Kỹ thuật lập trình

... interaction-oriented personalities with the remainder task oriented. The final assessment thatshe arrived at was:Alice Š self-orientedBrian Š task-orientedBob Š task-orientedCarol Š interaction-orientedDorothy ... facilities such as variable font sizes, etc.3. Ideally, someone who has experience of designing assistive technology systems.Otherwise, someone with experience of interfacing to hardware units as allsystems ... growing market of assistive technology tohelp elderly and disabled people live independently. Alice has been asked to lead ateam of 6 d evelopers than can develop new products based around the...
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Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense

Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense

Quản trị mạng

... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop­10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target systemThe more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management systemAny system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among back­end DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop­10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target systemThe more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management systemAny system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among back­end DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/ ... DOES THE WEB APPLICATION REQUIRE AUTHENTICATION OF THE USER?Many Web applications require another server authenticate usersExamine how information is passed between the two serversEncrypted channelsVerify that logon and password information is stored on secure placesAuthentication servers introduce a second target443734APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURES (CONTINUED)Top­10 Web application vulnerabilities (continued)Remote administration flawsAttacker can gain access to the Web server through the remote administration interfaceWeb and application server misconfigurationAny Web server software out of the box is usually vulnerable to attackDefault accounts and passwordsOverly informative error messages3216WEB FORMSUse the <form> element or tag in an HTML documentAllows customer to submit information to the Web serverWeb servers process information from a Web form by using a Web applicationEasy way for attackers to intercept data that users submit to a Web server7APPLICATION VULNERABILITIES COUNTERMEASURESOpen Web Application Security Project (OWASP)Open, not­for­profit organization dedicated to finding and fighting vulnerabilities in Web applicationsPublishes the Ten Most Critical Web Application Security VulnerabilitiesTop­10 Web application vulnerabilitiesUnvalidated parametersHTTP requests are not validated by the Web serverBroken access controlDevelopers implement access controls but fail to test them properly29USING SCRIPTING LANGUAGESDynamic Web pages can be developed using scripting languagesVBScriptJavaScriptPHP18OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC) (CONTINUED)ODBC definesStandardized representation of data typesA library of ODBC functionsStandard methods of connecting to and logging on to a DBMS24WEB APPLICATION COMPONENTSStatic Web pagesCreated using HTMLDynamic Web pagesNeed special components<form> tagsCommon Gateway Interface (CGI)Active Server Pages (ASP)PHPColdFusionScripting languagesDatabase connectors6APACHE WEB SERVERTomcat Apache is another Web Server programTomcat Apache hosts anywhere from 50% to 60% of all Web sitesAdvantagesWorks on just about any *NIX and Windows platformIt is freeRequires Java 2 Standard Runtime Environment (J2SE, version 5.0)15ON WHAT PLATFORM WAS THE WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPED?Several different platforms and technologies can be used to develop Web applicationsAttacks differ depending on the platform and technology used to develop the applicationFootprinting is used to find out as much information  as possible about a target systemThe more you know about a system the easier it is to gather information about its vulnerabilities45OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (ODBC)Standard database access method developed by the SQL Access GroupODBC interface allows an application to accessData stored in a database management systemAny system that understands and can issue ODBC commandsInteroperability among back­end DBMS is a key feature of the ODBC interface2348UNDERSTANDING WEB APPLICATIONSIt is nearly impossible to write a program without bugsSome bugs create security vulnerabilitiesWeb applications also have bugsWeb applications have a larger user base than standalone applicationsBugs are a bigger problem for Web applications5DOES THE WEB APPLICATION CONNECT TO A BACKEND DATABASE SERVER? (CONTINUED)Basic testing should look forWhether you can enter text with punctuation marksWhether you can enter a single quotation mark followed by any SQL keywordsWhether you can get any sort of database error when attempting to inject SQL43DOES THE WEB APPLICATION USE DYNAMIC WEB PAGES?Static Web pages do not create a security environmentIIS attack exampleSubmitting a specially formatted URL to the attacked Web serverIIS does not correctly parse the URL informationAttackers could launch a Unicode exploithttp://www.nopatchiss.com/scripts/...
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Cambridge.University.Press.Ethical.Issues.in.Maternal-Fetal.Medicine.Mar.2002.pdf

Cambridge.University.Press.Ethical.Issues.in.Maternal-Fetal.Medicine.Mar.2002.pdf

TOEFL - IELTS - TOEIC

... of case-by-case decision-making generally, it also acknowl-edges that for some issues there can be broad social considerations thatprovide reasons for adopting a uniform policy across all cases. ... reasoning involved in the third ap-proach, it too is casuistic. It is helpful to have terms to distinguish these twoversions of casuistry. Thus, I refer to the third approach as strict casuistry ... ‘It does seem reasonable to argue that as long as anindividual does not have a life so blighted by suVering that it outweighs anypleasure gained by living, that individual has not been wronged...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.1

Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.1

Môi trường

... of the problem,given the remaining hazard precipitated by the hugeamount of such gases accumulated in the past. Such anoption is only pure theory.Second, the significance of the natural variability ... constant, thedamage inflicted by disaster agents would increase dra-matically given the proportionate increase of the vulner-ability of communities and industrial assets driven byaccelerated urbanization ... to know whether the improvement was due to chanceor actual forecasting skill. An important recommendationfor decision makers here is to use climatology as a base-line expectation and clearly...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.2

Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.2

Môi trường

... the increasing intensity and fre-quency of natural disasters and extreme weatherevents (Srinivas and Nakagawa, 2008; Smithet al., 2009). The rate of increase of disasters as well as the numbers ... post-disaster response can actually increasevulnerabilities in the long term (Anderson andWoodrow, 1998; Schipper and Pelling, 2006).Nonetheless, as the emphasis continues to shiftfrom disaster ... Nations International Strategy for Disas-ter Reduction (ISDR) was mandated to focus onthe paradigm shift from disaster mitigation todisaster prevention, also known as DRR. At theinterim of the IDNDR,...
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Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.3

Climate change as environmental and economic hazard - phần 1.3

Môi trường

... much optimism to such efforts in any case. For decision makers, the recommendation is to useclimatology as a baseline expectation and to clearly identify hedges away from this baseline, in order ... institutionsand networks such as government bodies, com-munity organizations and customary laws, as well as informal networks that prove to be veryeffective during a disaster.Special attention ... elsewhere have pre-vented increases in resilience because capacitieshave not increased.7. Developing boundary organizationsThe world has faced huge disasters over the lastfew decades and concerns...
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