... managers’ and accountants’ input, they still does not involve in the action that goes against the company’ best interest. As indicated by Table 4.5, four main actions that managers and accountants ... purpose of work of managers and accountants is mainly due to money and they are motivated on performance by monetary incentive. H0: The purpose of work of managers and accountants is not mainly ... concepts and theories involved in monetary incentive in task and effort performance of managers and accountants. There are not many things as monetary incentive. It is used unquestionably and becomes...
... the variables and sample characteristics. The reason for this choice of presentations graphs was because the data were categorical by nature and bar and pie charts are the main graphical presentational ... quality of charitable organisations of service quality and customer satisfaction and got a result which was suggesting that “the SERVQUAL approach is indeed applicable within the non-profit domain” ... empirical findings and analytical part of this work together in this chapter to make it easier and for a better understanding for the reader. I have also decided to present the findings of each...
... thenoticeisnotspecified:apparentlythemembercountry'swithdrawalcouldtakeplaceimmediatelyafterthenoticewasreceived. In otherwords,whileundertheplanthenetcreditornationspledgethemselvesthroughtheircontributionstothefundtobuyeachnetdebtormembernation'scurrencytokeepitatparity,theyhavenoassurancethatthevalue of thesecurrencyholdingswillnotsuddenlyshrinkthrough a suddenact of devaluationonthepart of thenationswhosecurrenciestheyhold.44createdoncompletelymistakenassumptionsregardingwhatwaswrong and whatwasneeded,itsloanswentwrongfromtheverybeginning.ItbeganoperationsonMarch1,1947. In a bookpublishedthatyear,WillDollarsSavetheWorld,Iwasalreadypointingout(pp.81-82)that:The[InternationalMonetary]Fund in itspresentformoughtnottoexistatall.Itsmanagersarevirtuallywithoutpowertoinsistoninternalfiscal and economicreformsbeforetheygranttheircredits. A $25millioncreditgrantedbythefundtoFrance,forexample,isbeingusedtokeepthefrancfaraboveitsrealpurchasingpower and at a levelthatencouragesimports and discouragesexports.Thismerelyprolongstheunbalance of Frenchtrade and creates a needforstillmoreloans.Such a use of theresources of theFundnotonlyfailstodoanygood,butdoespositiveharm.Thisloan and itsconsequencesweretypical.YetonDec.18,1946,theIMFcontendedthatthetradedeficits of Europeancountries"wouldnotbeappreciablynarrowedbychanges in theircurrencyparities."Thecountriesthemselvesfinallydecidedotherwise.OnSept.18,1949,preciselytorestoreitstradebalance and "toearnthedollarsweneed,"thegovernment of GreatBritainslashedtheparvalue of thepoundovernightfrom$4.03to$2.80.Within a singleweektwenty-fivenationsfolloweditsexamplewith a similardevaluation.AsIwrote in Newsweek of Oct.3,1949:"Nothingquitecomparablewiththishashappenedbefore in thehistory of theworld."It17Englishspeakingcountrieswould.have.Thelatterwouldnotonlyrestorestabilitytothetwomajorunits of value,butwouldsymbolize a returntointernationalcollaboration in a worldthathasbeendriftingsteadilytoward a more and moreintensenationalism.Onecauseforhope of anearlyagreementisthatmany of theillusionsconcerningtheadvantage of driftingcurrencies and competitivedepreciationhavebeendissolvingunderthetest of experience.Greatincreases in exporttradehavenotfolloweddepreciation;theusualresult of anchorlesscurrencieshasbeen a shrinkage of bothexport and importtrade.Again,thefallacyisbeginningtobeapparent of theideathat a currencyallowedtodriftwouldfinally"seekitsownnaturallevel/*Itisbecomingclearthatthe"natural"level of a currencyispreciselywhatgovernmentalpolicies in thelongruntendtomakeit.Thereisnomore a "naturalvalue"foranirredeemablecurrencythanthereisfor a promissorynote of a person of ... thenoticeisnotspecified:apparentlythemembercountry'swithdrawalcouldtakeplaceimmediatelyafterthenoticewasreceived. In otherwords,whileundertheplanthenetcreditornationspledgethemselvesthroughtheircontributionstothefundtobuyeachnetdebtormembernation'scurrencytokeepitatparity,theyhavenoassurancethatthevalue of thesecurrencyholdingswillnotsuddenlyshrinkthrough a suddenact of devaluationonthepart of thenationswhosecurrenciestheyhold.44createdoncompletelymistakenassumptionsregardingwhatwaswrong and whatwasneeded,itsloanswentwrongfromtheverybeginning.ItbeganoperationsonMarch1,1947. In a bookpublishedthatyear,WillDollarsSavetheWorld,Iwasalreadypointingout(pp.81-82)that:The[InternationalMonetary]Fund in itspresentformoughtnottoexistatall.Itsmanagersarevirtuallywithoutpowertoinsistoninternalfiscal and economicreformsbeforetheygranttheircredits. A $25millioncreditgrantedbythefundtoFrance,forexample,isbeingusedtokeepthefrancfaraboveitsrealpurchasingpower and at a levelthatencouragesimports and discouragesexports.Thismerelyprolongstheunbalance of Frenchtrade and creates a needforstillmoreloans.Such a use of theresources of theFundnotonlyfailstodoanygood,butdoespositiveharm.Thisloan and itsconsequencesweretypical.YetonDec.18,1946,theIMFcontendedthatthetradedeficits of Europeancountries"wouldnotbeappreciablynarrowedbychanges in theircurrencyparities."Thecountriesthemselvesfinallydecidedotherwise.OnSept.18,1949,preciselytorestoreitstradebalance and "toearnthedollarsweneed,"thegovernment of GreatBritainslashedtheparvalue of thepoundovernightfrom$4.03to$2.80.Within a singleweektwenty-fivenationsfolloweditsexamplewith a similardevaluation.AsIwrote in Newsweek of Oct.3,1949:"Nothingquitecomparablewiththishashappenedbefore in thehistory of theworld."It17Englishspeakingcountrieswould.have.Thelatterwouldnotonlyrestorestabilitytothetwomajorunits of value,butwouldsymbolize a returntointernationalcollaboration in a worldthathasbeendriftingsteadilytoward a more and moreintensenationalism.Onecauseforhope of anearlyagreementisthatmany of theillusionsconcerningtheadvantage of driftingcurrencies and competitivedepreciationhavebeendissolvingunderthetest of experience.Greatincreases in exporttradehavenotfolloweddepreciation;theusualresult of anchorlesscurrencieshasbeen a shrinkage of bothexport and importtrade.Again,thefallacyisbeginningtobeapparent of theideathat a currencyallowedtodriftwouldfinally"seekitsownnaturallevel/*Itisbecomingclearthatthe"natural"level of a currencyispreciselywhatgovernmentalpolicies in thelongruntendtomakeit.Thereisnomore a "naturalvalue"foranirredeemablecurrencythanthereisfor a promissorynote of a person of ... thenoticeisnotspecified:apparentlythemembercountry'swithdrawalcouldtakeplaceimmediatelyafterthenoticewasreceived. In otherwords,whileundertheplanthenetcreditornationspledgethemselvesthroughtheircontributionstothefundtobuyeachnetdebtormembernation'scurrencytokeepitatparity,theyhavenoassurancethatthevalue of thesecurrencyholdingswillnotsuddenlyshrinkthrough a suddenact of devaluationonthepart of thenationswhosecurrenciestheyhold.44createdoncompletelymistakenassumptionsregardingwhatwaswrong and whatwasneeded,itsloanswentwrongfromtheverybeginning.ItbeganoperationsonMarch1,1947. In a bookpublishedthatyear,WillDollarsSavetheWorld,Iwasalreadypointingout(pp.81-82)that:The[InternationalMonetary]Fund in itspresentformoughtnottoexistatall.Itsmanagersarevirtuallywithoutpowertoinsistoninternalfiscal and economicreformsbeforetheygranttheircredits. A $25millioncreditgrantedbythefundtoFrance,forexample,isbeingusedtokeepthefrancfaraboveitsrealpurchasingpower and at a levelthatencouragesimports and discouragesexports.Thismerelyprolongstheunbalance of Frenchtrade and creates a needforstillmoreloans.Such a use of theresources of theFundnotonlyfailstodoanygood,butdoespositiveharm.Thisloan and itsconsequencesweretypical.YetonDec.18,1946,theIMFcontendedthatthetradedeficits of Europeancountries"wouldnotbeappreciablynarrowedbychanges in theircurrencyparities."Thecountriesthemselvesfinallydecidedotherwise.OnSept.18,1949,preciselytorestoreitstradebalance and "toearnthedollarsweneed,"thegovernment of GreatBritainslashedtheparvalue of thepoundovernightfrom$4.03to$2.80.Within a singleweektwenty-fivenationsfolloweditsexamplewith a similardevaluation.AsIwrote in Newsweek of Oct.3,1949:"Nothingquitecomparablewiththishashappenedbefore in thehistory of theworld."It17Englishspeakingcountrieswould.have.Thelatterwouldnotonlyrestorestabilitytothetwomajorunits of value,butwouldsymbolize a returntointernationalcollaboration in a worldthathasbeendriftingsteadilytoward a more and moreintensenationalism.Onecauseforhope of anearlyagreementisthatmany of theillusionsconcerningtheadvantage of driftingcurrencies and competitivedepreciationhavebeendissolvingunderthetest of experience.Greatincreases in exporttradehavenotfolloweddepreciation;theusualresult of anchorlesscurrencieshasbeen a shrinkage of bothexport and importtrade.Again,thefallacyisbeginningtobeapparent of theideathat a currencyallowedtodriftwouldfinally"seekitsownnaturallevel/*Itisbecomingclearthatthe"natural"level of a currencyispreciselywhatgovernmentalpolicies in thelongruntendtomakeit.Thereisnomore a "naturalvalue"foranirredeemablecurrencythanthereisfor a promissorynote of a personof...
... root cause and understanding and determining the effect of variation on the process and product quality. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA). This award is administered by ASQ and ... communicate with senior managers by changing quality data into the language of business and finance (Phillips-Donaldson, 2004). He advanced that 9 includes initiatives such as ISO 9000 and the Malcolm ... process variability and to get the mean on target, and definition and use of the signal-to-noise ratio, which combines the mean and standard deviation into one measure. "Taguchi has been...
... et al., 2008; Han et al., 2008; Martin-Consuegra et al., 2007; Henning-Thurau et al., 2002; Wong and Zhou, 2006; Story and Hess, 2006; Reichheld, 2003; Pleshco and Baqer, 2008; Cheng et al., ... 1997; Lages and Fernandes, 2005; Cheng et al., 2008; Spreng and Singh, 1983; Oliver, 1980: sự th a mãn. Bowen và Chen, 2001; Cooil et al., 2007; Pleshco and Baqer, 2008; Shankar et al., 2003; ... – ĐÊM 3 – KH A 22 Trang 1 NỘI DUNG CHÍNH C A BÀI NGHIÊN CỨU: “Service personal values and customer loyalty” A study of banking services in a transitional economy ...
... MCobtained the data. MC and AA were involved in the con-ceptualization, initial drafts and final write-up of thepaper. All authors had access to all data in the study and had final responsibility ... technical healthstaff and assistant health staff. The values analysed refer tothe basic annual salary for each year.The changes in contractual salaries and related purchasingpower were analysed ... physiotherapists and occupa-tional physiotherapists), health inspectors, assistanthealth staff (nursing assistants, laboratory assistants and dental assistants), management assistants, office assist-ants,...
... All authors read and approved the final manuscript.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank Bernadette Akyuz and Susan Kaplan for their invaluable help with the translation and Ayse Karaduman ... Bek, I Engin Simsek, Suat Erel, Yavuz Yakut and Fatma Uygur*Address: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, TurkeyEmail: Nilgun ... have a standard four point scale rangingfrom strongly agree to strongly disagree.As in the whole world, there is an increasing interest toassess health related quality of life in Turkey. Althoughthere...
... parameters, a gas attenuation measure-ment anda rainfall radar database are utilized.The paper is organized along the following pattern. In the first part of the paper, the gas attenuation aspects ... rainrate, the rain fade margin, and the rain spatial parameter(useful for rain spatial classification according to rain impacton system performance).The results of the analyses of HAP system ... RAINFALL RADAR DATARain events can a ect the propagation of electromagneticwaves in the millimeter wave band much more significantlythan gas attenuation. For a proper assessment of the rain’s in uence,...
... effect of inflation targeting. He finds large reductions in the level of expected inflation in the period after the announcement of inflation targets in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Sweden, ... expectations, and thus interest rate futures.28 Parliamentary hearings affect futures rates in Australia, New Zealand, the UK (albeit only marginally), and the US, but not in Canada or the euro area. ... 1-year spot nominal rates and inflation compensation (based on the different reactions between the nominal and real one-year forward rate from nine to ten years ahead) to standardized macroeconomic...
... financial indicators, such as business intentions and cash flow. 4.3.4 Managing the internalisation of risk Following sociological approaches, managing lending risks basically means managing ... the increasing internationalisation of banks in both countries. Differences between a market-led, individualist approach anda hierarchical, collectivist approach towards risk taking and management ... London: Bank of England. Bank of England 2000b ‘Quarterly report on small business statistics’, January, London: Bank of England. Bannock, Graham and Partners 1995 Securitisation of guaranteed...
... study, using asmall number of subjects, we addressed the hypotheses that rizatriptan acts as a protective agent against visually-induced motion sickness in migraineurs and that rizatriptan ... Vestibular abnormalities have been identified in migraineurs when asymptomatic between headache episodes. Asmallstudy comparing interictal vesti-bular function in individuals with migraine with ... has been found to increase visually-induced nausea and dizziness in migraineurs 7. Based on our results and the known effects of rizatriptan and sero-tonin, we hypothesize that rizatriptan...
... and the Okumura model and so on. Most of them are obtained by a combination of the analytical and empirical methods. We next briefly introduce the free space path loss model as an example of ... standard deviation of xdB , also in unit of dB. 2.1.2 Small scale propagation The small scale fading ofa signal is a more rapid fluctuation, which is usually caused by constructive and destructive ... thoroughly investigated, for both multipath Rayleigh channels and multipath Ricean channels. The joint PDF of two arbitrary correlated Ricean random variables has been provided in an integral form....