... financial liberalization mobilizes savings and allocates capital to more productive uses, both of which help increase the amount of physical capitaland its productivity. Financial liberalization, ... quantity and quality of investment (see, for example, Arestis and 1 I am grateful to Warren Mosler and Malcolm Sawyer for extensive and helpful comments. All remaining errors, omissions and ... 1950s and 1960s, which was challenged by Goldsmith (1969) in the late 1960s, and by McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973) in the early 1970s. They ascribed the poor performance of investment and growth...
... 1-48. Klein, Michael and Giovanni Olivei (2001), CapitalAccount Liberalization, Financial Depth and Economic Growth,” mimeo (Medford, MA: Tufts). Kletzer, Kenneth and Ashoka Mody (2000), ... surrender of export proceeds. The most relevant capital controls are k2 and k3. They indicate restrictions on current accountandcapitalaccount transactions, respectively. The eighth ... liberalizing or restricting its capital accounts. In concrete terms, a value of 0.5 can indicate that the capitalaccount was closed the first half of the period, and open the second, or vice versa....
... between capital market liberalizationandcapitalaccount instability, between capital account instability and, more broadly CML and macroeconomic instabil-ity, and between CML and growth.1.3.1 Capital ... 1 Capital Market Liberalization and DevelopmentJosé Antonio Ocampo, Shari Spiegel, and Joseph E. Stiglitz1.1 IntroductionIn the 1980s and 1990s, many countries opened their capital accounts ... example, happens when28 Capital Market Liberalizationand Development capital market liberalization can lead to a worsening of market efficiency, and appropriately designed capital market interventions...
... Aftermath of the Liberalization ofthe Financial System and the Capital Account Financial sector liberalizationand the opening of the capitalaccount changed thebusiness of banking in Thailand. For ... Finland and Norway in the late 1980s and early1990s, and Mexico in 1994–95. Nevertheless, Thailand’s crisis illustrateslike Chile’sin the early 1980s—that opening the capitalaccountand integrating ... requirements.Source: Bank of Thailand, Financial Institutions and Markets in Thailand, 1998.3. ConclusionsPrivate capital flows validated and exacerbated the domestic macro cycle in Thailand, and despite efforts...
... and statistically significant in the case of Kenya and Rwanda. It is negative but not significant in the case of Zimbabwe, positive and statistically insignificant in the cases of Morocco and ... positive below equilibrium and negative above it. These are Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. In the case of Burkina Faso and Swaziland a one per cent increase ... available working capital, and thus of net output. An increase in deposit interest rates, is thus expected to increase holdings of financial assets (broad money) and hence working capital and output....
... summarizes and suggests further research. 2. Risk Premium andLiberalization Market liberalization can impact UIRP through two basic channels, the exchange rate and/ or nominal interest rates (and ... Singal (2000), Bekaert and Harvey (1998) and Bekaert (1995)). Others such as Mexico and Thailand have been forced to abandon fixed exchange rate regimes in the post -liberalization period. Arguably, ... integrated. For instance, both Dumas and Solnik (1995) and De Santis and Gerard (1998) assume that currency and equity markets are internationally integrated and impose the same price of world...
... one hand, correlations and dependence when considering human capital and aggregate stock market returns (such as return of the S&P 500 Index) and, on the other hand, correlations of human capital ... human capitaland their financial capital were heavily affected.There is growing recognition among academics and practitioners that the risk and return characteristics of human capital such as wage ... relationships among financial capital, human capital, other factors (such as savings and the investor’s aversion to risk), and the assetallocation of financial capital. Human Capitaland Asset Allocation...
... the Rwandan diaspora as well as the afinity diaspora ie friends and associates of Rwandans abroad and others with a personal connection to Rwanda Rwandans residing in Rwanda and general ... Rwandan Foreign Ministry and technical assistance from the National Bank of Rwanda the countrys central bank and the Rwandan Capital Markets Advisory Council the countrys securities and ... these accountsAlthough not strictly capital market investments deposit accounts expand bank capitalization and are often a prerequisite to direct participation in countryoforigin capital...
... all B ∈B, where ∨ and ∧ are the logical operators “or” andand . Equation (14)counts the households, and the cumbersome indicator functions and logical operators areused to account for estate ... that accountsfor the U.S. distributions of earnings and wealth. We find that we can.Previous answers: Quadrini and R´ıos-Rull (1997) review the quantitative attempts to account for earnings and ... theory of earnings and wealth inequality is based on the optimal choicesof households with identical and standard preferences. These households receive an idiosyn-cratic random endowment of...
... monotonicity of A and the fact that y , we have(I àA)xt xt, xt y (I àA)y y, xt y 0. (3.8)Thus, it follows from (3.7) and (3.8) thatf(xt) − xt, xt− y ≥ 0, ∀y ∈ Ω (3.9) and hencext− ... an implicitdouble-net algorithm for nonexpansivesemigroups and variational inequality problemsYonghong Yao1, Yeol Je Cho∗2 and Yeong-Cheng Liou31Department of Mathematics, Tianjin Polytechnic ... variational inequality Ax, z − x ≥ 0, ∀z ∈ Fix(S).That is, xis a solution of the problem (1.1) and hence x∈ Ω.Finally, we prove that x= x∗, the unique solution of the variational inequality...
... nonexpansive semigroups and variational inequality problemsYonghong Yao1, Yeol Je Cho2* and Yeong-Cheng Liou3* Correspondence: yjcho@gsnu.ac.kr2Department of MathematicsEducation and the RINS,Gyeongsang ... algorithm for nonexpansivesemigroups and variational inequality problems. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011 2011:101.Submit your manuscript to a journal and benefi t from:7 Convenient online ... - f and A are monotone, we have(I − f)z − (I − f )x∗, z − x∗≥0 and Az − Ax∗, z − x∗≥0.Yao et al. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011, 2011:101http://www.fixedpointtheoryandapplications.com/content/2011/1/101Page...