... permission ofthe copyright owner Applications for such permission, with a statement ofthe purpose and extent ofthe reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and ... impact onthe microbial populations in the associated culture medium and eventually in the fish/shrimp’s gut flora, and consequently onthe health statusandthe digestive capability ofthe larva ... based on a number of criteria (Fig 1.5.) Most ofthe criteria as identified from the viewpoint ofthe larva have already been discussed above with the exception ofthe criterion ‘purity’ One should...
... vary considerably according to the culture conditions For example the effect ofthe composition ofthe culture medium onthe proximate composition of various species of micro-algae is demonstrated ... disadvantage is the need to prevent contamination during the initial inoculation and early growth period Because the density ofthe desired phytoplankton is low andthe concentration of nutrients ... growth depends upon the species and culture conditions ofthe algae making up the diet, andthe bivalve culture conditions Under practical hatchery conditions, high food rations are often fed, which...
... tract ofthe rotifers are killed as well The concentration ofthe disinfection products differs according to their toxicity andthe initial condition ofthe rotifers Orientating concentrations ... generations of offspring before they eventually die The reproduction activity of Brachionus depends onthe temperature ofthe environment as illustrated in Table 3.1 The life cycle of Brachionus ... not only has a regulating effect onthe microflora but also increases the production rate ofthe rotifers For stable rotifer cultures, the microflora as well as the physiological condition of the...
... America and seemed to be unlimited However, with the expansion of aquaculture production in the 1970’s, the demand for Artemia cysts soon exceeded the offer and prices rose exponentially, turning Artemia ... salinity is the common feature determining the presence of Artemia, the impact of other parameters (temperature, primary food production, etc.) may at most affect the abundance ofthe population and ... parthenogenetic Artemia Age at first reproduction is a key factor determining the population growth rate, andthe rate of colonisation of new environments with limited nutrient resources Consequently,...
... fast start and consequent development ofthe population shortly after the re-establishment of favorable environmental conditions This allows effective colonization in temporal biotopes For the ... release over 80% of their cellular water, and upon interruption ofthe aeration, the now coffeebean shaped decapsulated cysts settle out After harvesting of these cysts on a mesh screen they should ... reduced by disinfection ofthe cysts prior to hatching incubation and/ or by the addition of a few drops of a non-toxic antifoaming agent (e.g silicone antifoam) The temperature ofthe seawater is...
... understood and may be satisfied through the consumption of seawater, the main concern regarding the mineral composition of Artemia is whether they meet the requirements of fish or crustacean larvae reared ... improving the lipid profile of deficient Artemia strains (see further) Commercial provisions of Artemia cysts containing high EPA levels are limited and consequently, these cysts are very expensive Therefore, ... (use of cover) and focusing a light source onthe transparent conical part ofthe bottom Nauplii should not be allowed to settle for too long (i.e., maximum to 10 min.) in the point ofthe conical...
... and/ or assimilation: including the quality and quantity ofthe food offered, the developmental stage ofthe larvae, andthe culture conditions More detailed information concerning these processes ... down the DHA as is the case in nauplii There is however, an alternative method that takes profit ofthe specific aspects of ongrown Artemia: instead of adding the enrichment emulsion at the end of ... Enrichment of ongrown Artemia 4.4.2.8 Control of infections 4.4.2.9 Harvesting and processing techniques 4.4.2.10 Production figures and production costs 4.4.2.1 Advantages of tank production and tank...
... analysis ofthe algae samples is recommended Algae composition does not only influence growth and reproduction ofthe Artemia, but also has an effect onthe nutritional value ofthe biomass andthe ... accumulates onthe pond bottom, they should only be used for a limited period of time Recommended levels of organic manure are 0.5 to 1.25 ton.ha-1 at the start ofthe production season with dressings of ... evaluation curves Apart from population composition, the reproductive statusofthe females can also be used as an indicator for the health statusofthe Artemia population Large broods, and short...
... ofthe plankton net may be fixed to the pond gates The amount of zooplankton collected depends onthe zooplankton concentration in the water flowing out ofthe reservoir andonthe volume ofthe ... ofthe net the more effective and rapid the filtration Hence, the upper limit ofthe dimensions ofthe nets depends onthe ease of handling rather than anything else The effectiveness of filtering ... transport the harvested zooplankton in 50 l containers Under these conditions the survival ofthe zooplankton depends onthe amount of oxygen dissolved in the remaining water At a concentration of 100...
... population after unfavourable seasonal conditions 6.1.2 Nutritional value of Daphnia The nutritional value of Daphnia depends strongly onthe chemical composition of their food source However, since ... also the production and use of live food organisms as feed for the developing larvae The present manual reviews and summarizes the latest developments concerning the production and use ofthe ... particles from the water The efficiency ofthe filter allows even the uptake of bacteria (approx 1µm) In a study onthe food quality of freshwater phytoplankton for the production of cladocerans,...
... to consider carefully the connections between the chemistry ofthe atmosphere and climate These connections are complex and their nonlinearity is exemplified by the fact that concentrations of ... reduce the warming induced by the capping of SOx Note that these climate calculations in Figure omit the cooling effects ofthe CO2 reductions caused by the lessening ofthe inhibition ofthe land ... chemistry and climate model indicate multiple, regionally variable and partially-offsetting, effects of BC on absorption and reflection of sunlight, reflectivity of clouds, andthe strength of lower...
... substances, onthe one hand, andthe potential transboundary impact, onthe other hand; (b) The polluter-pays principle, by virtue of which costs of pollution prevention, control and reduction measures ... of responsibility and liability Article PROTECTION OF INFORMATION The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights or the obligations of Parties in accordance with their national legal ... INSTITUTIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS Article 17 MEETING OF PARTIES The first meeting ofthe Parties shall be convened no later than one year after the date ofthe entry into force of this Convention Thereafter,...
... national standards for environmental quality” and “national standards for the discharge of pollutants” as well as a monitoring system.32 B The Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and ... protection.35 In addition to the LPCWP, polluting industries are subject to a variety of rules and regulations Nationally, these include the Implementing Rules onthe Law onthe Prevention and Control ... waters”), with Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution art (P.R.C.) 36 Implementing Rules onthe Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (promulgated by the State Council, Mar...
... the state -of the- art for the valuation and compensation for non-market forest goods and services This study is financed by the European Commission and is part ofthe implementation ofthe EU Forest ... regulations, etc.) analysis/evaluation: o Outcomes in relation to the objectives ofthe innovation o Role ofthe innovation in the overall economic strategy ofthe organisation (e.g specialisation, ... Annex 12 The concept of economic value Economic valuation of ecosystem goods and services is based onthe concept of willingness to pay, which is a fundamental concept of welfare economics and is...
... pornography onthe Internet with the right to freedom of expression in the context of discussions onthe proposal for a directive ofthe European Parliament andofthe Council on combating the sexual ... Science Monitor, July 2003 Decision 2009-580, Act furthering the diffusion and protection of creation onthe Internet “732/2009, Decree ofthe Ministry of Transport and Communications onthe minimum ... E/CN.4/2002/75; and A/HRC/4/27 See for example article 3(c) ofthe Convention onthe Prevention and Punishment ofthe Crime of Genocide See for example article 20, paragraph 2, ofthe International Covenant...
... with some reflections onthe regulation of corporate governance and compliance, onthe impact of SOX, andonthe tension between stronger regulatory controls for corporations andthe performance ... Compliance, and Regulation: The CECO Perspective and Role.” Chapter Three of this document provides a summary ofthe major themes and topics of conversation in this session The final session ofthe conference ... sector and other parts ofthe economy It is in this context that RAND convened a March 5, 2009, conference entitled “Perspectives of Chief Ethics and Compliance Officers onthe Detection and Prevention...
... of artifacts Evaluation then turns into aesthetics: to understand the logic of an expression onthe basis of understanding the material that builds the expression We may think of an expression ... as constituents of an interaction model and as constituents of an expression structure It is the expressions of these components that convey the meanings they have in the interaction model and ... questions: the existence versus the functionality of an artifact Further, there is a basic difference between the expressions of an artifact and what it expresses in terms of being a part of someone’s...
... paid little attention and are more important than what they seem to be Some ofthe issues that should be further considered are: The effect of noise on unambiguous words; the reasonable intervals ... combinations will be equally likely In addition, the bounds for the values of t, u and p are closely related to the similarities between the training and test corpora T h a t is, if the training and ... extracted from the same corpus, they will probably contain the same kind of errors in the same kind of situations This may cause the training procedure to learn the errors -especially if they are s...
... into the intima and media ofthe pulmonary arteries This material may extend to the segmental and subsegmental branches ofthe pulmonary arteries Partial recanalization or total occlusion ofthe ... desaturation of mixed venous blood entering the pulmonary circulation Zones of reduced flow and zones of overflow ofthe capillary bed served by non-obstructed vessels result in ventilation– perfusion ... patients.67 Therefore, both the necessity of performing further tests andthe nature of these tests in such patients is controversial Role of lower limb compression ultrasonography The role of lower...