... For example, to determine how similar(the only sense of) “factory” is to the word “plant,”we compute the similarity of “factory” to the “in-dustrial plant” sense of “plant” and to the “livingthing” ... belongs to Gwhen presented with that word. To evaluate a particular activelearning algo-rithm, we can just run the algorithm manually, andsee how many candidate words we say “Yes” to (note ... Linguistics An ActiveLearningApproachto Finding Related TermsDavid VickreyStanford Universitydvickrey@cs.stanford.eduOscar KipersztokBoeing Research & Technologyoscar.kipersztok@boeing.comDaphne...
... and learning energy can get lost. Learning organisations make conscious efforts to retainthis energy:A learning company is an organisation that facilitates the learning of all itsmembers and ... leads to exploration, discovery and learning. In the learning organisation, leadershipcan be defined as learning on behalf of the organisation.Is Challenge 2: creating a learning organisation ... together with an action learning process to help you to address any challenge. xii A Manager’s Guide to LeadershipPedler00v3_00 21/04/10 09:39 Page xii This book is anactive guide to leadership...
... experience and deep knowledge ofstorage management to help customers create more efficient storage managementoperations. Prior to EMC, Joel held technology management and consultant positions ... critical success factor and should be defined according to yourrole: storage managers, for example, will likely want to monitor more frequently, perhaps to publish a quarterly or annual report for ... courses and enhanced, hands-on labs offer practical skills and tips that you can immediately put to use.Our expert instructors draw upon their experiences to help you understand key concepts and...
... but also to the German NEGRAand the Chinese CTB. (Zollmann and Sima&apos ;an 2005propose a different consistent estimator for DOP,which we cannot go into here).5 UML-DOPAnalogous to U-DOP, ... estimator corresponds to maximumlikelihood (Chi and Geman 1998), and which weshall refer to as "ML-PCFG". To this end, we useda random 90%/10% division of WSJ40 into atraining set and ... parsing techniqueby Huang and Chiang (2005), but we have not yetincorporated this into our implementation. To give an example of the dependencies thatU-DOP can take into account, consider thefollowing...
... HCI and HHC and that it is not possi-ble simply to take the human-human interactionresults and transpose results for one situation to the other.The structuring devices of the human -to- humanconstruction ... human-human interactionemploys a variety of dialogue structuring mech-anisms, ranging from meta-talk to discoursemarkers, and that some of these can usefully beemployed for automatic analysis ... constructor in theHHC setting was another human interlocutor; inthe other scenario, the participants were seated infront of a computer but were informed that theywere actually talking toan automatic...
... An HMM-Based Approachto Automatic Phrasing for Mandarin Text- to- Speech Synthesis Jing Zhu Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University zhujing@sjtu.edu.cn Jian-Hua ... described anapproachto automatic prosodic phrasing for Mandarin TTS synthesis based on word format and HMM and its variants. We also evaluated these methods through experiments and demonstrated ... structure(Black and Taylor, 1994; Klatt, 1987; Wightman, 1992; Hirschberg 1996; Wang, 1995; Taylor and Black, 1998). To our understanding, POS is a grammar-based structure that can be extracted...
... form of the anaphorana gramrole grammatical role of theanaphorana agr agreement of the anaphorana semclass* semantic class of the anaphorante npform NP form of the antecedentante gramrole ... arts andentertainment, and travel.4.2 The MMAX Annotation ToolThe manual annotation of the training data wasdone with the MMAX (Multi-Modal Annotationin XML) annotation tool (M¨uller and ... grammatical role of the an- tecedentante agr agreement of the antecedentante semclass* semantic class of the an- tecedentdist distance in markablesbetween anaphor and an- tecedent (1 20)same...
... 5 Conclusion An effective and efficient approachto phrasal verb identification is presented. This approach handles both separable and inseparable phrasal verbs in English. An Expert Lexicon ... clown blew up the balloon. The overlapping phenomenon can be handled by assigning both a transitive feature and an intransitive feature to the identified PVs in the same way that we treat the ... parser to use. The representation of a canonical form for an identified PV is necessary to allow for individual rules to be associated with identified PVs in further processing and to facilitate...
... applied in lan-guage processing to a wide range of linguistic tasks,from phonology to semantic analysis. Our goal was to investigate the performance of a memory–based approach to the event ... Daelemans, A. Van den Bosch, and J. Zavrel. 1999.Forgetting exceptions is harmful in language learning. Machine Learning, Special issue on Natural Language Learning, 34:11–41.W. Daelemans, J. ... corpus andmodelling the task applying anapproach similar to the one that has been applied to tasks like semanticrole labeling (Morante et al., 2008) or negationscope detection (Morante and Daelemans,...
... with semantic affinity patterns andrelevant regions. In Joint Conference on EmpiricalMethods in Natural Language Processing.S. Patwardhan and E Riloff. 2009. A unified model ofphrasal and sentential ... Empirical Methods in Natural LanguageProcessing (EMNLP).Slav Petrov, Leon Barrett, Romain Thibaux, and DanKlein. 2006. Learning accurate, compact, andinterpretable tree annotation. In Proceedings ... Incrementally Train-able Statistical Approachto Information Extraction:Based on Token Classification and Rich ContextModel. VDM Verlag, Saarbr¨ucken, Germany, Ger-many.295Ment Acc. Ent. Acc.INDEP...
... can be some other con-struction methods which show higher performance.Still, we believe that this is one of the best ac-quisition performances achieved ever and will be an important step to ... of ACLSIGLEX, 231–238.Christiane Fellbaum. 1998. WordNet: an electronic lexi-cal database, MIT Press.Maayan Geffet and Ido Dagan. 2004. Feature VectorQuality and Distributional Similarity. ... 268–275.Dekang Lin. 1998. Automatic retrieval and clustering ofsimilar words. Proc. of COLING/ACL 98, 786–774.Shachar Mirkin, Ido Dagan, and Maayan Geffet. 2006.Integrating pattern-based and distributional...
... between anaphor and antecedent13. wdist distance between anaphor and antecedent in words14. mdist distance between anaphor and antecedent in markables15. sdist distance between anaphor and antecedent ... have non-NP-antecedents. Many ofthese pronouns do not have an antecedent at all. Oth-ers are vague in that human annotators felt them to be referential, but could not determine an an-tecedent. ... the number of anaphorically accessible4S-and VP-markables between anaphor and potentialantecedent.The feature ante tfifd (23) is supposed to capturethe relative importance of an expression...
... Ken-Ichi Takami, and Yuru Wu. 1999.Quantifi er scope in English, Chinese, and Japanese.Language, 75(1):63-111.M. Marcus, S. Santorini, and M. Marcinkiewicz.1993. Building a large annotated corpus ... with transformational gram-mar. In J. Cole, G. Green, and J. Morgan, editors,Linguistics and Computation, pages 103-143.Noam Chomsky. 1957. Syntactic Structures. JanuaLinguarum. Mouton, ... in-terpretation of the sentence, and could contribute to a natural language understanding or machinetranslation application. Since WH dependenciesalso tend to distort the surface subcategorizationproperties...
... high-level analysis, performs like a human receptionist or operator and passes the enquiry to the most relevant subclass for a more detailed analysis specific to that subclass. Any available ... if a transaction is to be meaningful. 3 Some important system characteristics The current prototype (Figure 1 below) focuses on dialogue management. It is not intended to transcribe and parse ... An Object-Oriented Approachto the Design of Dialogue Management Functionality Ian M. O'Neill and Michael F. McTear Faculty of Informatics University of Ulster Newtownabbey Co. Antrim...
... error correction. We use the Stanford coreNLP toolkit1 (Toutanova and Manning, 2000; Klein and Manning, 2003a; Klein and Manning, 2003b; Finkel et al, 2005) to extract the features. 2.3. ... the overall performance. The base classifiers can be expected to become more informative as more data are provided. We followed the structural learning approach (Ando and Zhang, 2005), which ... N.R. Han, J. Tetreault, S.H. Lee, and J.Y. Ha. 2010. Using an error-annotated learner corpus to develop an ESL/EFL error correction system. In Proceedings of LREC. D. Klein and C.D. Manning....