a novel distributed protocol for path selection in dynamic wavelength routed wdm networks
the handbook of optical communication networks
... optical networks architecture M Yasin Akhtar Raja Chapter Design aspects of optical communication networks Kanna Potharlanka, Toshit Antani, Byrav Ramamurthy, Laxman Sahasrabuddhe, and Biswanath ... Mouftah Chapter 16 Recent advances in dynamic lightpath restoration in WDM mesh networks Chava Vijaya Saradhi and C Siva Ram Murthy Chapter 17 Restoration in optical WDM mesh networks Shirshanka ... functions: A signaling protocol for setting up, maintaining, and tearing down the connections A routing process for handling the topology and resource usage, and for calculating the routes A naming and...
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FPGA BASED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORKS
... declared as reg Parameter: A parameter defines a constant that can be set when you instantiate a module This allows customization of a module during instantiation Syntax: parameter par = value; ... others As the performance of optical networks increases, optical network interface will have a significant impact on a system performance Interfaces are optimized for sending and receiving large packets ... domains in the FPGA for this design, including PowerPC processor interface operating at 100MHz, Gigabit Ethernet interface operating at 125MHz, SDRAM and SRAM memory interfaces operating at frequencies...
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Optical networks a practical perspective 3rd edition
... Networks: An Information Processing Approach Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas Communication Networking: An Analytical Approach Anurag Kumar, D Manjunath, and Joy Kuri The Internet and Its Protocols: A Comparative ... instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Application submitted British Library Cataloguing -in- Publication Data A catalogue record for this ... and Vendors Monique Morrow and Kateel Vijayananda Telecommunications Law in the Internet Age Sharon K Black Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 3e Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar N Sivarajan, and...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 86 pdf
... 161 variable optical attenuator (VOA), 213 Vernier effect, 231 vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), 173-174 advantages, 173 drawbacks, 173 tunable, 180-181 two-dimensional array, ... unidirectional, 686-688 wavelength conversion, 405 wavelength reuse, 405 wavelength standardization, 346 See also wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) wide-area networks (WANs), 4, 381 wideband DCS, ... optical-layer equipment, 441 wavelength assignment in, 478 wavelength conversion capabilities in, 478-479 WDM, analysis, 473 rings, 378-380 ADMs, 378-379 bidirectional, 547 bidirectional line-switched...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 1 ppsx
... names appear in initial capital or all capital letters Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration Morgan Kaufmann ... Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the Internet Age Sharon K Black Internet ... fascinating and important field and have done so in a way that accurately portrays what is going on The first edition reflected the authors' backgrounds, straddling the academic and industrial...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 2 doc
... fiber being installed per day, just in the United States alone Fiber has been displacing wire in many applications, and gradually it is emerging as one of the two dominant Cinderella transmission ... last four years, optical networking has indeed really happened, essentially all of it based on wavelength division multiplexing, and with this book Ramaswami and Sivarajan, two of the principal ... conversant with all the important issues that today affect how optical networks are made, what their limitations and potentialities are, and how they fit in with more classical forms of communication...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 3 pptx
... electrical engineering department might instead focus on Chapters 2-5 and omit the remaining chapters Each chapter is accompanied by a number of problems, and instructors may obtain a solution manual ... the lightpath topology design example, Parthasarathi Palai for simulating the EDFA gain curves, and Rajeev Roy for verifying some of our results As always, we take responsibility for any errors ... rewritten several chapters, added a large amount of new material, and removed some material that is not as relevant to practical optical networks We have also updated the references and added some...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 5 potx
... carrying a single data stream WDM systems are widely deployed today in long-haul and undersea networks and are being deployed in metro networks as well WDM and TDM both provide ways to increase the ... in the network In recent years, people have realized that optical networks are capable of providing more functions than just point-to-point transmission Major advantages are to be gained by incorporating ... Different lightpaths in a wavelength routing network can use the same wavelength as long as they not share any common links This allows the same wavelength to be reused spatially in different parts of...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 6 pdf
... certain maximum and minimum bit rate might be specified, and the service may accept data at any bit rate and any protocol format within these limits It may also be able to carry analog data Transparency ... equation around a center wavelength )~0, we obtain the relationship between the frequency spacing A f and the wavelength spacing A) ~ as r Af ) ~A) ~ This relationship is accurate as long as the wavelength ... network Transparency type Parameter Fully transparent Practical Nontransparent Analog/digital Bit rate Framing protocol Both Arbitrary Arbitrary Digital Predetermined maximum Selected few Digital Fixed...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 7 pdf
... distributed- feedback (DFB) laser A DFB laser is an example of a single-longitudinal mode (SLM) laser An SLM laser emits a narrow single -wavelength signal in a single spectral line, in contrast to MLM lasers ... with a logarithmic rather than a linear scale Moreover, by using such a scale, calculations that involve multiplication in the conventional domain become additive operations in the decibel domain ... single-mode fiber as a means of eliminating intermodal dispersion, along with MLM Fabry-Perot lasers in the 1.3 #m wavelength band Single-mode fiber has a relatively small core diameter of about...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 8 potx
... Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Transactions on Networking, and Photonics Technology Letters, and magazines such as the IEEE Communications Magazine and Optical Networks Magazine ... working on optical networking include the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the Optical Internetworking Forum (OIF), Internet Engineering ... increasing transmission capacity: using more wavelengths on the fiber (WDM) and increasing the bit rate (TDM) We also traced the historical evolution of optical fiber transmission and networking What is...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 9 ppt
... different propagation speeds for different modes has an analog in the geometrical optics approach We can think of a "mode" as one possible path that a guided ray can take Since the path lengths are different, ... the wave number, the propagation constant is kn Thus for a wave propagating purely in the core, the propagation constant is knl, and for a wave propagating only in the cladding, the propagation ... of a number of "rays" propagating in straight lines within a material (or medium) and getting reflected and/or refracted at the interfaces between two materials Figure 2.2 shows the interface...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 10 doc
... fundamental one and decreases with increasing wavelength The loss coefficient dR due to Rayleigh scattering at a wavelength Z can be written as dR = A/ Z 4, where A is called the Rayleigh scattering ... region around 1.55 #m in silica fiber (After [Kan99].) As we saw earlier in this section, the dominant loss mechanism in optical fiber is Rayleigh scattering Rayleigh scattering arises because ... optical fiber is its core, which has a circular cross section The propagation of light in waveguides can be analyzed in a fashion similar to that of propagation in optical fiber In the ray theory...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 11 ppsx
... have a chromatic dispersion of at most 3.3 ps/nm-km in the 1.55 #m wavelength range and typically zero dispersion at 1550 nm A large fraction of the installed base in Japan is DSE Recall that ... signal wave that gets amplified at the expense of the pump wave In general, scattering effects are characterized by a gain coefficient g, measured in meters per watt, and spectral width A f over ... cross-sectional area (a) A typical distribution of the signal intensity along the radius of optical fiber (b) A hypothetical intensity distribution, equivalent to that in (a) for many purposes, showing an...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 12 pdf
... root cause of these nonlinear effects We will use this equation (2.19) as the starting point in understanding three important nonlinear phenomena affecting the propagation of signals in optical ... division multiplexed (WDM) signals, we assume that the signal in each wavelength channel is a monochromatic plane wave Thus if there are n wavelength channels at the angular frequencies col ... proportional to the intensity of the electric field Note that this phase change increases as the propagation distance z increases Since the relation between/3 and the refractive index n in the linear...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 13 pptx
... see in Chapter 5, in addition to having a small value, it is important to have a small slope (versus wavelength) for the chromatic dispersion Having a small slope reduces the spread in the accumulated ... frequency mi 4coj + cok For equal frequency spacing, and certain choices of i, j, and k, the fourth wave contaminates COl .For example, for a frequency spacing Aco, taking o)1, co2, and COkto be successive ... significant degradation of that channel In practice, the signals generated by four-wave mixing have lower powers due to the lack of perfect phase matching and the attenuation of signals due to...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 14 pps
... Calculate the cutoff wavelength of a fiber with core radius a = # m and A = 0.003 2.5 Consider a step-index fiber with a core radius of / , m and a cladding refractive index of 1.45 (a) For what range ... Couplers can also be fabricated using waveguides in integrated optics A x coupler, shown in Figure 3.1, takes a fraction o~ of the power from input and places it on output and the remaining fraction ... the wavelength A coupler is a versatile device and has many applications in an optical network The simplest application is to combine or split signals in the network For example, a coupler can...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 15 potx
... between adjacent channels in a WDM system As more and more filters are cascaded in a WDM system, the passband becomes progressively narrower To ensure reasonably broad passbands at the end of the cascade, ... into a vertical polarization and vice versa, and the two signals are combined by another SWP at the output For reflected signals in the reverse direction, the half-wave plate and Faraday rotator ... interest are dynamic rather than static WXCs We will study different dynamic WXC architectures in Chapter A variety of optical filtering technologies are available Their key characteristics for...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 16 pptx
... phase-matchingcondition I~o - ~1 = 27r A' where A is the period of the grating In a Bragg grating, energy from the forward propagating mode of a wave at the right wavelength is coupled into a backward ... achieve a bandwidth of I nm 3.3.4 Fiber Gratings Fiber gratings are attractive devices that can be used for a variety of applications, including filtering, add/drop functions, and compensating for accumulated ... diffracted at the angles at which the grating equation is satisfied for that wavelength For example, 0dl is the angle at which the grating equation is satisfied for )~1 Note that the energy at a single...
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Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 17 potx
... device acts as a bandpass filter, passing through a particular wavelength and reflecting all the other wavelengths The wavelength that is passed through is determined by the cavity length A thin-film ... to separate the wavelengths in the 1.3 #m and 1.55 ~m bands Narrow band MZI filters are fabricated by cascading a number of stages, as we will see, and this leads to larger losses In principle, ... filter passes another wavelength and reflects the remaining ones, and so on This device has many features that make it attractive for system applications It is possible to have a very flat top...
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