... database the sum of subtotals is equal to the sum of all units) n External Consistency – database with the real world (i.e database total is equal to the actual inventory in the warehouse) Availability ... maintained at this layer is called packets Responsible for the physical addressing ofthenetwork via MAC addresses Ther are two sublevels to the Data-Link layer MAC and LLC The Data-Link layer ... friction ridges and other detailed characteristics that are called minutiae n Retina Scans: Scans the blood-vessel pattern ofthe retina on the backside ofthe eyeball n Iris Scans: Scan the colored...
... Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations D.1 The Importance of Standards D.2 Internet Standards andthe Internet Society D.3 National Institute of Standards and Technology Appendix E Basic ... reading ofa message of file and traffic analysis or active attacks, such as modification of messages or files, and denial ofserviceAsecurity mechanism is any process (or a device incorporating ... exists when there isa circumstance, capability, action, or event that could breach securityand cause harm That is, a threat isa possible danger that might exploit a vulnerability Attack An assault...
... look at tools that can help automate the process of updating the machines Many free as well as commercial tools are available that can assist with this task The important thing is to make certain ... to meeting the needs ofthat project Applications and Central ServicesA common, but critical security problem today isthat many applications andservices still send usernames and passwords unencrypted ... alumni, and admissions The enterprise directory provides authentication services (Am I person X?) and facilitates authorization information (Am I a member of group Y that has the authority to use service...
... and Problems 64 5 Appendix A Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations 64 7 Section A. 1 The Importance of Standards 64 8 Section A. 2 Internet Standards andthe Internet Society 64 9 Section A. 3 ... without any knowledge ofthe enciphering details fall into the area of cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis is what the layperson calls "breaking the code." The areas of cryptography and cryptanalysis together ... Comments), and Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS), issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) A ppendix A discusses the standards-making process and lists the standards...
... anti-virus and anti-spyware tools and keep them up to date Anti-virus and anti-spyware software is available at no fee to all Yale faculty, staff and students Links: ITS 10 Use secure file transfer and ... eDonkey andthe like unless a particular application is specifically approved for Yale business (as identified in an official Yale software download site) or an exception is granted via the ISO; many ... technical expertise, please obtain assistance if needed The official version of this information will only be maintained in an on-line web format Any and all printed copies of this material are dated...
... backups of all data, and daily backups offiles or data that have changed • What backup media we use? Is hardware to read that media commonly available? • When did we last test our backup procedures ... patterns of attack? Are the logs available after an attack? Disaster Recovery Planning • Do we have a written disaster recovery plan? o Are copies in possession of departmental management? At their ... (Note: the university has mandated that installation of any alarm systems on campus must be coordinated with DPPS.) • How are backup tapes/discs secured in transportation and in storage • Who has access...
... C' = S1K(P') The same system can also be used for authentication Fundamentals of Wired and Wireless Networks, Kameswari Chebrolu and Bhaskaran Raman, 0913 May 2005 Cryptanalysis ● Cryptanalysis: attacker ... plain-text attack – Chosen plain-text attack – Chosen text attack Fundamentals of Wired and Wireless Networks, Kameswari Chebrolu and Bhaskaran Raman, 0913 May 2005 Security Guarantees ● Two ... – Codes are stronger, and also achieve data compression Fundamentals of Wired and Wireless Networks, Kameswari Chebrolu and Bhaskaran Raman, 0913 May 2005 Some Popular Systems ● Private key...
... physical and administrative mechanisms computer use requires automated tools to protectfilesand other stored information use of networks and communications links requires measures to protect data ... consider aspects of information security: security attack security mechanism securityserviceSecurity Attack any action that compromises thesecurityof information owned by an organization ... range of attacks can focus of generic types of attacks passive active Passive Attacks Active Attacks SecurityService enhance securityof data processing systems and information transfers...
... Chapter – Classical Encryption Techniques Many savages at the present day regard their names as vital parts of themselves, and therefore take great pains to conceal their real names, lest these ... now have a total of 26! = x 10 26 keys with so many keys, might think is secure but would be !!!WRONG!!! problem is language characteristics Language Redundancy and Cryptanalysis human languages ... Z are e and t guess ZW is th and hence ZWP isthe proceeding with trial and error finally get: it was disclosed yesterday that several informal but direct contacts have been made with political...
... after the error Output FeedBack (OFB) message is treated as a stream of bits output of cipher is added to message output is then feed back (hence name) feedback is independent of message ... all bits in block (64 or 128) Ci C-1 = = Pi XOR DESK1(Ci-1) IV uses: stream data encryption, authentication Cipher FeedBack (CFB) Advantages and Limitations of CFB appropriate when data arrives ... and sixty separate ciphers," said Holmes The Adventure ofthe Dancing Men, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Multiple Encryption & DES clear a replacement for DES was needed theoretical attacks that...
... Noise best source is natural randomness in real world find a regular but random event and monitor generally need special h/w to this eg radiation counters, radio noise, audio noise, ... distribute this key often secure system failure due to a break in the key distribution scheme Key Distribution given parties Aand B have various key distribution alternatives: A can select key and ... previous values Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNGs) often use deterministic algorithmic techniques to create “random numbers” although are not truly random can pass many tests of “randomness”...
... Prove that for n greater than 2, the equation an + bn = cn has no non-trivial solution in the integers." They agreed on a three-day period for the labor, andthe Devil disappeared At the end of ... Prime Factorisation to factor a number n is to write it as a product of other numbers: n =a x b x c note that factoring a number is relatively hard compared to multiplying the factors together ... prime if have no common divisors apart from eg & 15 are relatively prime since factors of are 1,2,4,8 andof 15 are 1,3,5,15 andisthe only common factor conversely can determine the greatest...
... Chapter – Public Key Cryptography and RSA Every Egyptian received two names, which were known respectively as the true name andthe good name, or the great name andthe little name; and while the ... Exponentiation can use the Square and Multiply Algorithm a fast, efficient algorithm for exponentiation concept is based on repeatedly squaring base and multiplying in the ones that are ... use Inverse algorithm to compute the other RSA Security possible approaches to attacking RSA are: brute force key search (infeasible given size of numbers) mathematical attacks (based on difficulty...
... thatthe data will fit in the buffer – This leads to a vulnerability: Supply data thatis too big for the buffer (thereby violating the assumptions) – Vulnerabilities can be exploited by an attack ... about tradeoffs? • What is it that you are trying to protect? – Music collection vs nuclear missile design data • How valuable is it? • In what way is it valuable? – Information may be important ... Under Threat? A Tour ofthe Google Blacklist Hackers Disagree On How, When To Disclose Bugs Social Networking Site Safety Questioned IE6 Was Unsafe 284 Days In 20 06 Adobe Acrobat JavaScript Execution...
... Attack: Fabrication CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity Attacks, ServicesandMechanisms ! Security " Action ! Security Attacks compromises the information securityServices " Enhances thesecurity ... but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable The art of War, Sun Tzu CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity Information Transferring CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity ... Security Attack: Interruption CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity Attack: Interception CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity Attack: Modification CS595-Cryptography andNetworkSecurity Attack:...
... priorities, and an organization’s ability to manage and tolerate risk dictate where IT resources are expended and determine the trade-offs among securityand function, operational capability, and capacity ... standards currently exist For this reason and those stated above, administrators are sorely in need ofsecurity practices that are easy to access, understand, and implement The practices in this ... Administrators choose how to protect assets, but when managers are unable to identify which assets are the most critical andthe nature ofthe threats against them (as part ofa business strategy...
... Aspects of information security: Security attack Security mechanism Securityservice Note: Threat – a potential for violation ofsecurity Attack – an assault on system security, a ... data origin authentication Access Control - prevention ofthe unauthorized use ofa resource Data Confidentiality –protection of data from unauthorized disclosure Data Integrity - assurance that ... X.800 security architecture specifies security attacks, services, mechanisms Active attacks may modify the transmitted information Securityservices include authentication, access control, … Washington...
... the participants (and their private and public key information) based on exponentiation in a finite (Galois) field (modulo a prime or a polynomial) - easy security relies on the difficulty of computing ... a public-key distribution scheme cannot be used to exchange an arbitrary message rather it can establish a common key known only to the two participants value of key depends on the ... would fear that some devil might take advantage of his weak state to slip into his body The Golden Bough, Sir James George Frazer Key Management public-key encryption helps address key distribution...
... Govt approved signature scheme designed by NIST & NSA in early 90's published as FIPS-1 86 in 1991 revised in 1993, 19 96 & then 2000 uses the SHA hash algorithm DSS isthe standard, DSA isthe algorithm ... message if authentication needed use a digital signature with a digital certificate: A- >B: M || EPRa[H(M)] || EPRas[T||IDA||PUa] with message, signature, certificate Digital Signature Standard ... Chapter 13 – Digital Signatures & Authentication Protocols To guard against the baneful influence exerted by strangers is therefore an elementary dictate of savage prudence Hence before strangers...