... path-way. CHOP ⁄ GADD153 (growth arrest and DNA damage 153) is a transcription factor, the expression ofwhich is induced by the ATF6 and PERK pathwaysupon ER stress [70,106,107]. CHOP– ⁄ – cells ... leucine zipper; c-Abl, Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1; C ⁄ EBP, CCAAT ⁄ enhancer-binding protein; CHOP, C ⁄ EBP-homologous protein; CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein; ... was originally identified as a pro-tein expressed in response to hypoxia. ER dnaJ(ERdj)1, ERdj3 ⁄ human ER-asociated dnaJ (HEDJ),ERdj4, ERdj5, SEC63, and p58IPK are ER chaper-ones belonging...