... to earth, the neutral impedance Zct plays practically no part in the production of touch voltages to earth Fig F16 : Phases to earth insulation monitoring device obligatory in IT system (1) Resistive ... flow into the person making contact, through the earth and back to the other conductor, via the inherent capacitance of that conductor with respect to earth Since the conductor capacitance to earth ... rapidity to ensure safety against indirect contact Correction factor m Figure F40 indicates the correction factor to apply to the values given in Figures F41 to F44 next pages, according to the...
... that growth factors such as nerve growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and hepatocyte growth factor can suppress apoptosis of target ... death inducedby 10 or 20 lm ADR, whereas ngÆmL)1 EGF pretreatment markedly suppressed the cell death inducedby 10 lm, ADR but not that by 20 lm ADR (Fig 1A) To evaluate whether this ADRinduced ... but not in TAM1 (Fig 6C, lower) Finally, we evaluated the ability of EGF to rescue TMK-1 cells, Puro2 cells, and TAM1 cells from apoptosis inducedby ADR EGF sup3748 pressed ADR -induced cytotoxicity...
... NMR structure determination protocol for all peptides can be described as follows: proton spectra were assigned by using DQF-COSY [17], TOCSY [18] and NOESY [19] The TOCSY and NOESY (400 ms mixing ... were determined by MS (Bruker Protein MALDI-TOF spectrophotometer) Peptide analogues (called polymers) were synthesized with Cys-Gly in the C- and N-terminus of each peptide to allow polymerization ... (Bachem, Torrance CA, USA) The resin was deprotonated by adding 5% diisopropylethylamine (Merck) in methylene chloride before introducing the first amino acid The coupling cycle was initiated by submerging...
... Over the years clones resistant to SALB succumbed to infection one after another and this was found to be due to evolution of new physiological races breaking down the resistance Eight races ... the country of origin by a method satisfactory to the said Competent Authority Each Contracting Government shall prohibit by law the importation into its territory or territories of any plant or ... tested for viability by their ability to germinate These recovered single conidia were transferred to leaf discs in laboratory infection tests to determine their ability to infect host material...
... formation of these cytotoxic mediators and could thus also act as a cytoprotective mechanism To test this hypothesis, we examined whether palmitate toxicity can be reduced by increasing its oxidation ... conferred by l-carnitine, a rate-limiting component for long-chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria, or suppressed by etomoxir, an irreversible carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1) inhibitor ... 2007 FEBS 6097 Beta-cell protection against palmitate toxicity 500 M–2 days 9-cis RA ( M) 0.5 20 B 40 10 % cytotoxicity % cytotoxicity % cytotoxicity A K Hellemans et al 250 M–8 days 40 30 30 C16:0...
... by MALDI-TOF or LIFT-TOF ⁄ TOF analysis From the MALDI-TOF spectrum of band (Fig 3C) (approximately 220 kDa), 195 out of 266 peptides were observed with identical monoisotopic values (m ⁄ z tolerance ... sensitivity to H2O2 -induced oxidative stress, and a small, although not significant, reduction in virulence in a murine model system This pattern of altered resistance to oxidative stress is similar to ... Da) to the theoretical digest of Pes1, thereby providing 35.9% sequence coverage of the NRP synthetase The LIFT-TOF ⁄ TOF post-source decay fragmentation of the selected peptides with monoisotopic...
... immune status Respiratory rates are easily monitored by whole body plethysmography, making this a practical end-point to evaluate protection from influenza -induced respiratory disease or vaccine ... was stored at -70°C, and thawed immediately prior to use Aliquots of A/PR/8/34 that were exposed to UV-light did not contain any infectious virus Measurement of respiratory rates Respiratory ... Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus infection requires B cells but not CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes J Infect Dis 2001, 183:368-76 Bianchi E, Liang X, Ingallinella P, Finotto M, Chastain MA,...
... Tick antigens recognized by serum from a guinea pig resistant to infestation with the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus J Parasitol 1986, 72, 454-463 18 Solomon KR Acaricide resistance in ticks Adv ... engorged ticks were obtained, they were transferred into individual glass flasks to an incubator at 25oC and approximately 85% of relative humidity to allow the egg-laying and molting The time since ... protein showed considerable resistance to tick infestation, indicating that the rP27/30 protein implicated in host protective responses to H longicornis may be identical to tropomyosin Our data also...
... Structural lightning protection conforming to BS 6651 is designed to protect the fabric of the building against lightning damage It is not intended to, and will not, protect electronic equipment against ... rise to an electromagnetic field (see Figure 1.8) If power or data communications lines pass through this electromagnetic field a voltage will be picked up by, or induced onto this line By ‘electronic ... terms applied to total breaks in the supply lasting from several milliseconds to many hours See Figure 1.10b Very short breaks, which cause lights to flicker, may be sufficient to crash computers...
... Flashes to the structure S3 Flashes to the services connected to the structure Overhead service connected to the structure eg Telephone Structure S2 Flashes near to the structure S4 Flashes near to ... Injury to living beings (D1) RV Flashes to a service connected to the structure (S3) Physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the structure (D2) RW Flashes to a service connected to the ... service to the public lies in the loss that can occur when a service provider (whether that be a hospital, financial institution, manufacturer etc) cannot provide its service to its customers, due to...
... dangerous events due to flashes to a structure at "a" end of line Ng Other weighting factors that need to be determined are: is the number of dangerous events due to flashes to a service is the ... structure We now need to consider R2 risk of loss of service to the public, to identify the protection measures required to prevent any potential damage to equipment (typically main frame computers, ... linked with conductors to form a mesh on the roof See Figure 4.1a ● Catenary (or suspended) conductors, whether they are supported by free standing masts or linked with conductors to form a mesh...
... conductors As with a free standing mast, catenary conductors can be used to keep the rolling sphere away from the structure to be protected One or more catenary conductors may be utilised to ensure ... meshed conductor network, the mesh must be mounted at some distance above the roof, to ensure the rolling sphere does not touch its surface In a similar way to the catenary conductors, the penetration ... damage to structures and life hazard Catenary conductors (air termination) Rolling sphere radius Catenary conductors (air termination) p h Space protected by two parallel catenary conductors s...
... Lateral connections either by fortuitous metalwork or external conductors made to the down conductors at regular intervals (see Table 4.6) is also encouraged The down conductor spacing corresponds ... metalwork) as down conductors and lateral conductors and equipotential bonding, all elements contributing to a more effective LPS Sometimes it is not possible to install down conductors down a particular ... stranded conductors fixed to horizontal surfaces should be 1,000mm and not the stated 500mm Tape and stranded conductors (mm) 500 500 1,000 Vertical conductors from the ground to 20 m 1,000 1,000...
... exception to the yearly test schedule would be to perform the tests on a 14 to 15 month cycle where it is considered beneficial to conduct earth resistance testing over different times of the year to ... range of metres to 20 metres c) If the down conductors are connected horizontally by ring conductors, the current distribution is more homogeneous in the lower parts of the down conductor system and ... protection BS EN 62305-4 gives guidance in order to be able to reduce the risk of permanent failures or damage to equipment due to LEMP It does not directly cover protection against electromagnetic...
... all conductors will tend to move together in potential relative to their local earth This is a common mode surge and it occurs between phase conductors to earth and neutral conductor to earth ... Lightning Protection Level in order to reduce the probability of failure of internal systems due to flashes to the structure, denoted as PC The first point to note is that only coordinated SPD ... Equipment should not be located close to tall, lightning attractive, structures such as masts, towers or chimneys These tend to provide fewer routes to earth, causing very large currents to flow (in...
... Loss by touch and step voltages Yes Lt x 10-4 People potentially in danger in the zone – np Internal power systems Yes Connected to LV power line – Yes Connected to telecom line – Loss by touch ... a subscript letter will be added to several factors relating to lines entering the structure This subscript (P or T) will identify whether the factor relates to the Power or Telecom line (Table ... indirect strike to the structure need to be instigated RV(P) = 2.07 × 10−6 Analysing the component results that make up R1 we can see that RV(T) is by far the largest contributor to the actual...
... regard to loss of service to the public Decision As can be seen by this example of the office block the application of protection measures to reduce the risk of loss of human life R1 does not automatically ... twenty pairs, by fitting ESP K10T1 protectors to the two LSA-PLUS disconnection modules within the PBX where the incoming lines terminate Although not ideal, we cannot fit protection prior to this ... Table 6.26 Total N/A N/A 4.178 x 10-4 3.931 x 10-4 3.931 x 10-4 1.204 x 10-3 To reduce the risks to the tolerable value the following protection measures could be adopted: Solution A To reduce...
... that a dangerous event will cause damage to or in the object to be protected Protection measures Measures to be adopted in the object to be protected to reduce the risk Rated impulse withstand ... Metallic wire used to reduce physical damage due to lightning flashes to a service Short stroke Part of the lightning flash which corresponds to an impulse current This current has a time to the half ... variety of shrink ratios ● Up to 14 nominal widths to deal with a huge variety of applications In addition to their own core products, Thomas & Betts is also proud to be home to the following European...