where was the gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders published

The Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders I pot

... twin to the umbilical vein of the other. This abnormal connectioncan cause serious complications including loss of the pregnancy. GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF GENETIC DISORDERS 7Acardia The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA ... physician reported the condition in a family, where it was observed in the father and his brother, butnot seen in the father’s mother or his wife. Both the fatherand brother would sneeze twice ... activity. Theseindividuals have no symptoms of AKU. However, theyare carriers of AKU and can pass the gene on to their off-spring.All of the offspring of two parents with AKU willinherit the disorder....

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 1 pps

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... implyendorsement of the editors or publisher.Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in futureeditions. The Gale Encyclopedia of ... medication is often prescribed inorder to lessen the nerve inflammation. Use of high doses of steroids can often produce a rapid diminishing of the symptoms. Other kinds of treatment depend on the nature of ... Studies include the role of dopamine in response to alcohol, and the effects of another neurotransmitter, serotonin, in alcoholism.Prognosis The prognosis depends on the motivation of the pa-tient...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 2 doc

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... direct the guide wire to the correct location.Once it is in position, the needle is then removed, and acatheter is threaded over the length of the guide wire untilit reaches the area of study. The ... number of doses of triptans per month. Patients whoneed more doses either must have their doctors try to get the insurance company to authorize them, or the patientsmust pay the full price of the ... role in the progression of the disease. The accumulation of dam-age and loss of brain cells eventually results in the failure of many different organ systems in the body. According to the National...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 3 pps

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... location of the defective chromosome. Autosomal dominant inheritancerequires the presence of the mutation in only one of the two copies of a gene (maternal or paternal) to trigger the onset of the ... decompression) Surgi-cal removal of a piece of the bony roof of the spinalcanal known as the lamina to increase the size of the spinal canal and reduce pressure on the spinal cordand nerve roots.Spinal ... Arnold-Chiarimalformations. One hypothesis is that the base of the skullis too small, forcing the cerebellum downward. Anothertheory focuses on overgrowth in the cerebellar region. The overgrowth pushes the cerebellum...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 4 docx

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... The process of atherosclerosis causes a hardening of the walls of the arteries and, in the case of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, results in a carotid stenosis that reduces the flow of ... stenosis is the medical description of the nar-rowing or constriction of the carotid artery. The artery islocated in the neck, and the narrowing of the artery iscaused by the buildup of plaque ... 50% of these strokes are thought to be the result of carotid stenosis.Causes and symptoms The cause of carotid stenosis is the buildup of plaqueon the inner wall of the carotid artery. The...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 5 pptx

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... gen-eral health of the patient.Clinical trialsAlthough there are no clinical trials for treatment of CCM ongoing as of early 2004, much of the current re-search focuses on the genetics of the disorder. ... Page 241 214 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Cerebral circulationIn the embryo, the components of the circle of Willisdevelop from the embryonic dorsal aortae and the embry-onic ... color of these regions produces an axon-dendrite shape that is rem-iniscent of a butterfly. The nerves of the spinal cord correspond to the arrangement of the vertebrae. There are 31 pairs of nerves,grouped...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 6 docx

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... symptoms The cause of dermatomyositis is a disruption in the functioning of the immune system, although the precisedetails of the malfunction are not yet known. While the basis of the disease ... Sometimes there can be accumulation of calcium as hard bumps underneath the skin in the region of the rash. The skin may break open and become veryitchy, to the point of disturbing sleep. The other ... Ac-cording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about42% of the population of the United States will complain of dizziness at some point in their lives. In the UnitedStates, the cost of medical...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 7 potx

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... byunderactivity of the pituitary gland.Pituitary gland The most important of the en-docrine glands (glands that release hormones di-rectly into the bloodstream), the pituitary is locatedat the base of the ... tsetse fly is the appearance of apainful red sore (chancre) at the site of the bite.A type of diagnosis called phase diagnosis can beused to help determine the level of advancement of the dis-ease. ... hunger in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa have led to difficulty in control-ling the spread of the tsetse fly and the disease.Treatment The choice of treatment depends on whether the dis-ease...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 8 pptx

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... especiallyaround the neck. Because the seizure occurs in the setting of a fever, the main target of therapy is to bring the feverdown. Removing the clothes and applying cool washclothsto the child’s ... sample of cells is collected from around the fetus. These cells are then tested for chromosome ab-normalities or other genetic diseases.Cornea The transparent structure of the eye over the lens ... set of therapies is possible if the idea of gene therapy includes the use of DNA for pa-tient treatment in ways other than inserting new genesinto cells. One example is the drug Gleevec that was...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 9 pptx

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... contraction of the facial muscles limited to one side of the face. The eyelids are involved, and upturning of the corner of the mouth is observed. The patient may have facial twitchingduring periods of ... within the skull caused by extra tissue orfluid in the brain.Papilledema Swelling of the optic disc, where the optic nerve enters the eyeball, or elevation of the optic nerve, and indication of ... Page 432 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 433HydrocephalusKey TermsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) The clear fluid made in the ventricular cavities of the brain that bathes the brain...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 10 docx

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... investigations of monoclonal antibody therapy, the genetics of lupus, qual-ity -of- life improvement, ultraviolet light therapy, stem-celltransplantation therapy, the mechanisms of kidney andbrain ... least the tenth century A.D. The term erythematosus was first attached to the diseasein the 1850s, and it refers to the patchy congestion of skincapillaries with blood (erythema) that often ... and dilate the pupil.Nystagmus Involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eye.Polydactyly The presence of extra fingers or toes.Retina The light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye that...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 2 - part 1 pot

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... 524 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS MeningesAnatomy The outer surface of the dura adheres to the skull,while the inner surface is loosely connected to the arach-noid layer. The ... is the spinal canal, where thereis normally a thin layer of fat and a network of blood ves-sels between the dura and the bony portion of the vertebrae.There is normally no space between the ... paresthetica is the result of pressure on the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and subsequent inflam-mation of the nerve. The point of pressure or entrapmentis usually where the nerve exits the...