... One way of answering this question is to reflect on the goal of aesthetic science The psychologist Rolf Reber recently suggested that “art theorists… define the criterion ofwhatthe [aesthetic] ... experience is expected to be; scientists… provide a test of whether this criterion is fulfilled.”2 Or consider the case of neuroaesthetics This new branch of empirical aesthetics is often defined as the ... monthly honorarium from the Society The editor is responsible for the content ofthe journal The editor is a member ofthe Board of Trustees ofthe Society and serves on the Executive Committee...
... seen, there may be several distinct derivations that generate the same parse tree The probability of a parse tree T is thus the sum ofthe probabilities of its distinct derivations Let tid be the ... subtree in the derivation d that produces tree T, then the probability of T is given by P(T) = ΣdΠi P(tid) Thus the DOP1 model considers counts of subtrees of a wide range of sizes in computing the ... corpussubtree t is converted into a context-free rule r where the lefthand side of r corresponds to the root label of t and the righthand side of r corresponds to the frontier labels of t Indices link the...
... the level and type of empirical analysis, and the target readership ofthe book Our final goal is a compromise that seeks to translate the academic content of this book to a broad readership Therefore ... diverge from the overall patterns this analysis reveals The models and theories in this book are intended to raise important issues, synthesize numerous academic theories, and provide some ofthe first ... range of questions surrounding development assistance and the environment The compilation and analysis ofthe PLAID database that forms the backbone of this book has put us in the debt of many...
... levels of terpenes and pyrolysis residues of sugar compounds Without the guard tube, resinous components of propolis and the pine boards in the hive overwhelm the transfer lines between the desorption ... arrays of feeders can be uniquely marked Taggants can be distributed in feeders on the basis of radial distance from the hive, direction or specific locations Quantitative analysis ofthe taggants ... bees is conducted via the exchange of semiochemicals Some chemical communication requires direct transfer of fluids from one bee to another; other communication is conducted by the release of volatile...
... overpass the fifth trial, the level ofthe CR then starting to decrease Most often the level of CR reaches a maximum by the third trial This acquisition phase relies on the memorization process, the ... acquisition phase ofthe CPE assay Statistical comparisons of treated and untreated groups at the maximum value ofthe CR during the acquisition phase reveal sublethal effects of chemicals on the memorization ... response to the CS This extinction process expresses the fact that bees Figure 5.2 A model ofthe learning curve built into the CPE assay During the acquisition phase, the level ofthe CR increased...
... found on the fir and spruce trees These insects pierce the bark ofthe youngest branches and the needles of fir and spruce trees in search of food Honeydew isthe secretion of these insects The results ... soils, while the presence of 137Cs in soils is an artifact of global atmospheric radioactive pollution The cesium isotope 137Cs was produced as a by-product ofthe atmospheric testing of thermonuclear ... segments The concentrations or activities ofthe majority ofthe elements studied were lower in the 1-year-old branch segments compared to the branch tops In the case of Rb, 40K, and 137Cs they were...
... parts ofthe information Conversely, with HCA, all the information ofthe data matrix is displayed through two dendrograms: one for the variables and another for the objects Therefore, the comparison ... for 56.86 percent ofthe total inertia ofthe system, emphasizes the fact that the presence of cobalt (Co) in the honey samples is correlated with that of molybdenum (Mo) Ofthe 46 samples containing ... analyzed The concentrations of these three elements show Gaussian distributions (graphs not given) The results obtained are not surprising because ofthe nature, role, and ubiquity of these fundamental...
... response ofthe insect to the presence of these inhibitors will be essential This could be achieved by co-expressing PIs of different types and/or improving the affinity of introduced PIs for the target ... ingestion, the alkaline environment ofthe insect midgut causes the crystals to dissolve and release their protoxins (several protoxins can be included in the same crystal) The protoxin is then cleaved ... which isthe active toxin The toxin binds to specific receptors on the cell membranes and forms pores that destroy the epithelial cells by colloid osmotic lysis [11] resulting in the death of the...
... conclusion, there are two possibilities to avoid risk for honey bees: the nonexpression ofthe toxin in the tissues bees feed on, or the innocuousness ofthe toxin for bees The risk assessment ofthe ... from the top ofthe flower visited on the plant), or the type of behavior (exploration ofthe flower, foraging for nectar, scratching of stamina, pollen pellet gathering, cleaning, etc.) The mean ... using the plants themselves In this chapter, we focus on the effects of whole plants on the behavior of honey bees We also investigate the risk of direct exposure to the transgene products in the...
... pathogenesis and pathogen time-courses The number of components [7,36] that can be modeled is smaller than in discrete models because ofthe increase in the number of parameters The state ofthe variables ... compatible with the existing experimental knowledge on the pathogenesis The distribution ofthe parameter values for each immune component in the model tells us about its role in the pathogenesis Recent ... effectively to study the progression ofthe infections Acknowledgements This opinion is an outcome ofthe discussions at the workshop organized in June 2008 at the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics...
... strongest positive impacts of microfinance (Bateman 2010) Synthesise what these studies tell us about: a Theimpactof microfinance on the incomes ofthe poor b Theimpactof microfinance on wider ... this study therefore retains its status as a high quality evaluation This decision is discussed further in section 5.4 what istheimpactof microfinance on poor people? sy n thesis Synthesis ... (2004) whatistheimpactof microfinance on poor people? sy n thesis 4.2 Synthesis of evidence of effectiveness Below, we first summarise the directions of effect (i.e positive and negative impacts)...
... these teams are established, the barriers and facilitators to establishing and implementing teams and team initiatives, as well as the strength ofthe evidence about theimpactof team initiatives ... determine the mechanism of change, or details regarding the Page of 12 robustness of interventions Beyond a narrative account of quality improvement efforts, additional inquiry regarding the weight of ... management of missing data (n = 10) Only one-half ofthe authors contextualized findings within existing literature The weakest section of reporting across studies was planning ofthe interventions,...
... is to recognize the dose distribution as the root of this bias, and validate the ability to accurately calculate the dose distribution under different polychromatic conditions Validation ofthe ... will be impacted If they are impacted to the same degree, there is no bias However, if dose delivery drops less than the change in monitored dose, or if monitored dose rises more than the rise in ... Because ofthe shape ofthe curve, a performance result for a target microbe of intermediate UV-resistance can be safely interpolated The example in Figure is based on the calculated dose distribution...
... see And what about this one? This is a paid theme What you just said makes it sound like paid themes aren't needed Is this a bad theme?" "No, it's a wonderful theme," the old man said "This person ... domain name," the old man said "While the words don't make sense, they have a nice ring to them They roll off the tongue and flow with the blog." "I see And what about this one? This one is long, ... Brothers, The Lord ofthe Rings by J R R Tolkien, The Legend of Zelda by Nintendo, Star Wars by George Lucas, The Wizard of Oz by L Frank Baum, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus by Christopher...
... value AMS isthe paradigm where a predefined level of demand is managed internally and the remainder augmented with cloud services The apothegm is ‘Own the base and rent the peak’ Conclusion The customer’s ... health starts with an assessment of value The assessment of value of cloud services can only include a comparison against other cloud providers The comparison of cost between traditional IT investment ... simple as a mouse-trap The complication is that for most customers they already have an IT investment So the assessment of cloud value will involve a comparison between what other IT investments...
... εicgbt (24) where X is a vector of controls, B the vector of behaviors, ε isthe error term, i denotes the individual, c the country, t the year ofthe interview, g gender, and b isthe birth cohort ... males) While the precision ofthe estimates ofthe effects of behaviors declines with respect to the micro data, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that these effects are jointly statistically significant ... three binary indicators: whether the mother died early, whether the father died early and whether the mother and the father where present when the individual was aged 10 The extracted principal component...
... cycle environmental impacts They will be identified on the basis oftheenvironmental impacts ofthe whole volume ofthe product used Theimpact per euro value will also be taken into account Environmental ... comparison ofthe relevant studies that already exist into theenvironmental impacts of products; Chapter forms the second main pillar ofthe study: it gives a detailed analysis oftheenvironmental ... the greatest environmentalimpactThe estimated contribution of this product grouping to global warming is in the range of to 12% of all products (CP01-12) The results reflect theimpactof the...