... and manuscript revision.JK was involved inthe design and statistical analysis of the study. MS conceived and coordinated the study and wasinvolved inthe interpretation ofthe data and manuscript ... involved in drafting the manuscript.MG participated in analysis and interpretation ofthe data and in drafting the manuscript. PS, JS and MV contributed to the conception and design ofthe study ... The Netherlands7Anaesthsiologist-intensivist, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands8Internist-intensivist, Research...
... complexes of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks)and their corresponding cyclins. A prominent example of such a pair is cyclin B and cyclin-dependentkinase 1 (cdk1 ⁄ Cdc2) controlling the checkpointbetween ... However, as in most other CDE ⁄ CHRpromoters, mutation ofthe CHR results in a smallerremaining cell cycle -regulation than alteration of the CDE [37]. Interestingly, the core ofthe human Tome-1promoter ... BubR1 is a protein importantfor spindle checkpoint activation. Expression of the BUB1B gene coding for BubR1 is undetectable in G1,but peaks in G2⁄ M. Recently, theregulationof the BUB1B...
... by other companies. The cost of sales of most physical dot coms consists ofthe cost of merchandise sold and inbound/outbound shipping. There are other important distinctions between these ... years in business. t is included inthe model to control for the maturity of a company. Companies operating inthe Internet space are expected to improve their conduct of business over time. Since ... used to distinguish between the ability of players to leverage the new Internet economy. The key criterion used in this study isthe type of product or service a firm offers on the Internet....
... results indicated that IPU is an anomer-invertingenzyme (Fig. 5A). In the case of inverting enzymes, a single displacement mechanism has been proposed [6,17,19–21]. In this mech-anism, two ... is composed of residues 25–540. The overall structure of the model of IPU and the mutated residues in this study areshown in Fig. 3. To elucidate themechanismof the substrate recognition of IPU, ... concentra-tion of isomaltose is effective for the induction of amylasesynthesis, the low activity of IPU may be suitable for control of this regulation. AcknowledgementsWe thank Mr Masahiro Mizuno for his...
... hatelimination of indole inthe tryptophanase reaction is realized by a concerted SE2 mechanism, involving simul-taneous protonation ofthe C3atom ofthe indole moietyand breakdown ofthe ... acid the interaction of the distal carboxylic group with Arg100 takes place in the quinonoid intermediate structure [18], but not in the external aldimine. The observed predominant formation of the ... group ofthe s ubstrate, when the external aldimine is formed. The anchoring of a-carboxylateand a-amino group inthe external aldimine definesautomatically the positions ofthe a-proton and the...
... formulated a hypo-thesis that describes an integrated vision ofthe catalytic mechanism of both enzymes. The main points are: (a) are-evaluation ofthe role of superoxide as a reductant in the catalytic ... addressing eachof these questions, we will proposea new hypothesis that describes an integrated vision of the catalytic mechanismof MPO and LPO.A brief survey ofthe absorption features of MPO, ... and in the etiology of some pathologies [57]. Inthe light of the work by De Pillis et al. [50,58], we would not exclude that the radical plays a role inthe autocatalytic binding of hemeto the...
... possesses the samecharacteristics ofthe interior ofthe protein matrix. The script a isthe peak–peak distance between the maximumat %287 nm and the minimum at %283 nm, and the script b isthe peak–peak ... twoout of six tyrosine residues are buried inthe protein. The arrangement of four tyrosines is shown in Fig. 5C, while the other two inthe Nt-domain are probably solvent exposed in the flexible ... role in maintaining the overall stability of PSII. PsbQ has beenreported to be thermostable, with a melting point of % 65 °C[74]. This is compatible with some ofthe features found in the PsbQ...
... with the sameregion ofthe arginases (Fig. 4). Since the arginase loopcontains residues that interacts with the a-carboxylategroup ofthe substrate arginine [13], and this isthe part of the ... of agmatine to putrescine and urea [1].Agmatine, which results from decarboxylation of arginineby arginine decarboxylase [2], is a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of putrescine and ... deletions inthe agmatinasesequence were modelled using the DGLOOP set of options in WHATIF; the whole loops and the two connecting aminoacids at the beginning and the end, were mutated to glycinesand,...
... H2O2. This shows that this position of OD2 in the native is not appropriate for involvement inthe reac-tion. In contrast, in D171N-CN, the distance, 3.46 A˚ ,is less than inthe native. The position ... That is because this difference is caused by the differencebetween the positions of hydrogen bond partners of OD2 inthe native and ND2 in D171N-CN. In the native, the distance, 4.06 A˚, is ... of D171N-CN is shown as Asp171. To avoid misunderstanding, only the heme ofthe native is shown in white. The position ofthe CN carbon mimics the position ofthe proximal oxygen of H2O2....
... lm ofthe competitor nucleotide. In this case, the bindingconstant Kdiss of mant-ATP (in the absence of competitor)increases to the apparent binding constant Kappdiss (in the pres-ence of ... [L0], the binding constant of the nucleotide can be determined from the slope of the linear plot ofthe apparent binding constants Kappdissand [L0]. With the ligand ATP, a binding constantKligdiss of ... asKappdiss¼ Kdiss1 þL0½Kligdiss !ð4Þ in which Kdissrepresents the binding constant of the mant-ATP complex inthe absence of competitor, andKligdissrepresents the binding constant...
... occupancy ofthe first bindingsite [68]. TTR is also involved inthe transportation of retinol by forming a complex with the smaller retinol-binding protein (RBP) [69,70]. The TTR–RBP–retinolcomplex ... the inside ofthe protein [98]. Dis-location ofthe C and D strands from their nativeedge region may result inthe formation of a newinterface involving A and B strands which is open forintermolecular ... to themechanismofthe molecular patho-genesis of FAP and suggest new avenues for therapeutic intervention. It is increasingly recognized that there are common features of a number of protein-misfolding...
... domains consist of a cen-tral six-stranded parallel b-sheet flanked by a varyingnumber of a-helices. Residues involved in binding of the cofactor ThDP are located at the C-terminal ends of the ... domains, suspend-ing a comparatively mobile thiazolium ring between them. While the resi-dues binding the two ends of ThDP are well conserved, the lining of the active centre pocket around the ... the C2 atom ofthe thiazolium ringand the N4¢ atom ofthe pyrimidine moiety. A super-position ofthe cofactors is depicted in Fig. 5 revealinga remarkable conformational similarity. The diphos-phates...
... ofthe CaM-binding domain probed by W242W242 dominates the intrinsic fluorescence emission of the protein [20]. It is situated inthe middle ofthe 72-amino-acidsegment responsible for 90% of ... isthe ÔcoreÕ ofthe CaM-binding site ofthe enzyme[9,16–21]. Themechanismof AC activation by CaM, and in particular the role ofthe conformational change resultingfrom CaM binding, remains ... foreither AC or AC–CaM. This indicates that the bound Ant-dATP is immobile inthe 100–200 ps time scale. Supportingthis hypothesis, the initial anisotropy at t ¼ 0 when the probe isinthe presence...