... –gelid, there forge –steam Under naessas genipap, neither gaited Flod under foldan.Modern English Lonely and waste is the land they inhabit, Wolf –cliffs wild and windy headlands, Ledges of ... abysses And flow unseen.Beowuef (printed in the modern alphabet) The history of English begins a little after A.D. 600. English is a Germanic Language of the Indo –European FamilyIndo – EuropeanEnglish ... hollow to his bones, and threadbare, too. •Modern English (1500-now) :the change was the elimination of a vowel sound and the Great Vowel Shift . ...
... in the physical sciences similarto that ofthe theory of evolution in the life sciences. What is intriguingis that the predictions of one seem to contradict the predictions of the other. The ... and theOriginof LifeWalter L. Bradley1.introductionDarwin’s theory of evolution and the development ofthe Second Law of Thermodynamics by Clausius, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Gibbs are two of the ... understandhow living systems are able to sustain themselves against the downward pull of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and how thermodynamics affects the originof information-rich, living systems. Finally,...
... in the genome of this snake.These findings provide clues to the evolutionary position of the neurotoxic V. a. aspis population with respect to the other snakes studied. The genome of one of these ... with the neutral evolutiontheory, which states that the strong conservation of exonsserves to maintain the function ofthe mature protein [26]. The protein-coding regions ofthe PLA2 genes of ... expected to impair the formation orstabilization ofthe complex, or both, thereby affecting the toxicity ofthe protein. This is probably the case for changesin the residues involved in the interaction...
... grown out ofthe discovery ofthe cosmic microwaveradiation background in 1965. Of course, the theory ofthe expansion ofthe universe isan essential ingredient in our present view ofthe early ... 'classic' part ofthe subject, which hasto do mostly with the large-scale structure ofthe presentuniverse: the debate over the extragalactic nature of the spiral nebulae; the discovery ofthe red ... imaginable oftheoriginofthe universe. Just asin the Younger Edda, there is an embarrassing vaguenessabout the very beginning, the first hundredth of a second orso. Also, there is the unwelcome...
... scorneth the multitude ofthe city, neither regardeth he the voice ofthe driver. The range ofthe mountains is his pasture. The magnificent description ofthe unicorn and of leviathan, in the ... in the names they give them, and in their reasonings about them. Many are ofthe opinion, that pain arises necessarily from the removal of some pleasure; as they think pleasure does from the ... state criminal of high rank is on the point of being executed in the adjoining square; in a moment the emptiness of the theatre would demonstrate the comparative weakness ofthe imitative...
... affects the lung but, from the initial focus of infection the bacilli can spread mainly through the blood, but also via lymphatic to other areas ofthe lung and other organs (Leung, 1999). The ... isoniazid (INH) treatment ofthe latent TB infection (LTBI) according to the dynamic hypothesis. This treatment allows the drainage ofthe nonreplicating bacilli, and in the case of endogenous reinfection ... to the mannan backbone of ManLAM. The mannan of LM is directly attached to position C-6 ofthe myo-inositol of its MPI anchor. The M.tb ManLAM and LM MPI anchor is indistinguishable from the...
... convergent) originof the insert itself (Fig. 3B). Apart from theoriginofthe pro-eukaryote, ValRS data shed light on the intriguing question of the extent and evolutionary significance of LGT[52,53,75,76]. ... ER-specificproteins by means of paralogous multiplication mayindicate theoriginof ER per se. Similarly, multiplication of the enzymes of DNA metabolism may be tied to the originofthe nucleus with multiple ... theoriginofthe nucleus,endomembrane, and cytoskeleton. Nonetheless, phylo-genetic methods can still be applied to proteins, the appearance of which might have accompanied the origin of the...
... coordinates ofthe phenylalanine analog3-(2-thienyl)-L-alanine bound to BH4ÆPAH. Preserving intheir model both the position ofthe main chain and the orientation ofthe ring structure, the authors ... equivalent. The equivalence ofthe two conformations was underscored by the fact that the orientation ofthe pterin cosubstrate did notaffect the subsequent placement of amino acid substrates in the ... displayed the expected coordination of the tyrosine aromatic ring towards the iron atom. However, the hydroxyl group ofthe aromatic ring was placed trans toHis290. In contrast to the anchoring of the...
... similarity and the position ofthe intron to the vertebrate type of arrestin (Fig. 1). Therefore, it may bepresumed that the function was lost in vertebrate visualarrestin during the evolution. The branch ... arrestins.Fig. 1. Comparison ofthe amino acid sequences of Ci-Arr with some types of arrestins. The alignment ofthe deduced amino acid sequence of Ci-arrand the typical animal arrestins was ... constructed the correspond-ing mutant for Ci-Arr (V55D). This mutant, however,showed that the extent ofthe internalization was almost the same as that ofthe control (Fig. 2B) in spite ofthe samelevels...
... complexes’.While these gametic disequilibria could indeed be the result of coadap-tation, the possibility cannot be excluded that the changes are the result of the ‘hitchhiking’ of allozyme loci with other ... plants and fertile anthers.These differences are presumably the result ofthe egg providing most of the cytoplasm for the fertilized egg. As with most angiosperms, the egg cell of Epilobium is rich ... all the other lines is called the gen-eral combining ability (GCA) and represents the additive component of vari-ance. The deviation of a particular individual cross from the average GCA of the...
... featuresoften given in general textbooks to support the monophyly of this taxon are the enlargement ofthe basal elements ofthe pectoral fin, the uniquearrangement ofthe scales, the interlocking ... “Holostei” including the Halecomorphi and the Ginglymodi? The results ofthe cladistic analysis ofthe present work strongly support the first of these two hypotheses, that is, that Amia is the closest ... thus of an opercularmechanism to open the mouth [209], the high mobility ofthe maxilla [221]and its association with the movements ofthe mandible [230], and the marked division between the...
... modulating the signal into sidebands of harmonics ofthe probe oscillating frequency ωo. The lock-in amplifier then demodulates the signals, conveying the results to the AFM controller for the purpose ... ofthe tip apex and closer to the slit, the signal ofthe interference fringes is strongest, while at position 3 the laser spot is further from the slit, the fringe is weakest. This is another ... optical images ofthe nanoslit. Looking down onto the sample in these images, the incident light radiates from the bottom toward the nanoslit. In Fig. 2(a), the normal direction of nanoslit is...
... modulating the signal into sidebands of harmonics ofthe probe oscillating frequency ωo. The lock-in amplifier then demodulates the signals, conveying the results to the AFM controller for the purpose ... ofthe tip apex and closer to the slit, the signal ofthe interference fringes is strongest, while at position 3 the laser spot is further from the slit, the fringe is weakest. This is another ... splitter. The path including the objective and AFM is referred as the measurement arm, while the other is the reference arm. The laser power going into the measurement arm is about 6 mW. The same...