the gale encyclopedia of neurological disorders

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 1 pps

... implyendorsement of the editors or publisher.Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in futureeditions. The Gale Encyclopedia of ... VOLUMEA-L1 The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of NEurological Disorders STACEY L. CHAMBERLIN, BRIGHAM NARINS, EDITORSFrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page iii 20 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AgnosiaKey ... UniversityVitória, Brazil GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS xixContributorsFrontMatter1.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page xix 28 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Alcohol-related neurological...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 2 doc

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... direct the guide wire to the correct location.Once it is in position, the needle is then removed, and acatheter is threaded over the length of the guide wire untilit reaches the area of study. The ... number of doses of triptans per month. Patients whoneed more doses either must have their doctors try to get the insurance company to authorize them, or the patientsmust pay the full price of the ... role in the progression of the disease. The accumulation of dam-age and loss of brain cells eventually results in the failure of many different organ systems in the body. According to the National...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 3 pps

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... 110 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 127Autonomic dysfunctionKey TermsDysarthria A group of speech disorders caused bydisturbances in the strength or coordination of the muscles of ... location of the defective chromosome. Autosomal dominant inheritancerequires the presence of the mutation in only one of the two copies of a gene (maternal or paternal) to trigger the onset of the ... Arnold-Chiarimalformations. One hypothesis is that the base of the skullis too small, forcing the cerebellum downward. Anothertheory focuses on overgrowth in the cerebellar region. The overgrowth pushes the cerebellum...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 4 docx

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... The process of atherosclerosis causes a hardening of the walls of the arteries and, in the case of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, results in a carotid stenosis that reduces the flow of ... stenosis is the medical description of the nar-rowing or constriction of the carotid artery. The artery islocated in the neck, and the narrowing of the artery iscaused by the buildup of plaque ... specificto the type of tumor, location of the tumor, and generalhealth of the patient. Surgery, radiation therapy, andLetterB.qxd 10/5/04 2:40 PM Page 178 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 151Beriberiã...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 5 pptx

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... Page 241 214 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Cerebral circulationIn the embryo, the components of the circle of Willisdevelop from the embryonic dorsal aortae and the embry-onic ... The part of the brain thatis damaged determines what parts of the body are affected.LetterC.qxd 10/6/04 4:13 PM Page 219 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 231ChoreaKey TermsAthetosis ... which they are named.In the spinal cord of humans, the myelin-coated axonsare on the surface and the axon-dendrite network is on the inside. In cross-section, the pattern of contrasting color of these...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 6 docx

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... overheating. The pair of globular mammillary bodies are partiallyembedded in the underside of the hypothalamus. They areLetterD.qxd 10/1/04 11:04 AM Page 285 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 277Diabetic ... symptoms The cause of dermatomyositis is a disruption in the functioning of the immune system, although the precisedetails of the malfunction are not yet known. While the basis of the disease ... Ac-cording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), about42% of the population of the United States will complain of dizziness at some point in their lives. In the UnitedStates, the cost of medical...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 7 potx

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... on the severity of the problem and the underlying cause. If the speech diffi-culties are mild to moderate, and the cause has beenLetterD.qxd 10/1/04 11:05 AM Page 304 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL ... although, clinically, the two often sharesigns and symptoms of inflammation of the meninges.LetterE.qxd 10/1/04 11:05 AM Page 332 312 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DyskinesiaTremors ... byunderactivity of the pituitary gland.Pituitary gland The most important of the en-docrine glands (glands that release hormones di-rectly into the bloodstream), the pituitary is locatedat the base of the...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 8 pptx

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... Page 401 354 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS EpilepsyThere are two vagal nerves, one on each side of the necknear the carotid arteries, making a pair of cranial nerves(there are 12 ... especiallyaround the neck. Because the seizure occurs in the setting of a fever, the main target of therapy is to bring the feverdown. Removing the clothes and applying cool washclothsto the child’s ... Fabrydisease.DiagnosisInitially, the diagnosis of Fabry disease is based on the presence of the symptoms. It should also be suspected ifthere is a family history of the disorder. The diagnosis of Fabry disease...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 9 pptx

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... Page 432 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 433HydrocephalusKey TermsCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) The clear fluid made in the ventricular cavities of the brain that bathes the brain ... contraction of the facial muscles limited to one side of the face. The eyelids are involved, and upturning of the corner of the mouth is observed. The patient may have facial twitchingduring periods of ... 11:06 AM Page 429 430 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS HydrocephalusKey TermsBrainstem The stalk of the brain that connects the two cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It isinvolved...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 1 - part 10 docx

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... AM Page 470 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 499LissencephalyKey TermsCerebral cortex The layer of gray matter thatmakes up the surface of cerebral hemispheres of the brain. It ... Someindividuals (most often the males) may have a split in the tissue in the iris of the eye. Each of these problems will af-fect their vision, and eye surgery may not be beneficial. The central nervous ... 508 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Lyme diseasePatient history and symptoms The diagnosis of Lyme disease is complicated by the fact that about 25% of patients do not develop the...

The Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders vol 2 - part 1 pot

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... 524 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS MeningesAnatomy The outer surface of the dura adheres to the skull,while the inner surface is loosely connected to the arach-noid layer. The ... mobilitydevices GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS viiFrontMatter2.qxd 10/5/04 2:21 PM Page vii GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 519Ménière’s diseaseKey TermsAphasia Loss of the ... through the fourth ventricle, and then through open-ings at the base of the brain and around the brain stem.Some of the fluid circulates down through the subarach-noid space encircling the length...