structural modifications of chitin and chitosan derivatives
Optimization of chitin and chitosan extraction from by product from white leg shrimp (penaeus vannamei) industry in vietnam to improve its quality and efficiency
... respectively, the chitin and protein contents of head and shell are largely different The chitin content of shell and head of white shrimp were 27.37 and 11.40%, respectively The chitin content ... fishmeal and chitin were produced This way of treatment caused the recovery of useful compounds to be lost the efficiency and to pollute environment concurrently The industry of chitin and chitosan ... Germay) and has the frequency of 37kHz and RMS of 35W CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Characteristics of the white leg shrimp by - product The mass average ratio of head and shell of shrimp...
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Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from marine sources in Arabian Gulf
... differences in the IR spectra of chitin can be used to distinguish between a -chitin and b -chitin (i) Due to the different arrangement between a -chitin and b -chitin, amide I band in a -chitin spectrum splits ... organization and dense structure was observed clearly for a -chitin, whereas the surface of b -chitin appears less crystalline and different from a -chitin 3.3 Deacetylation of chitin 3.3.1 Preparation of chitosan ... electron microscopy (SEM) The surface morphology of chitin and chitosan was observed using SEM The dried sample of chitin and chitosan was ground and then coated with gold under vacuum using a...
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Functional Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan
... configurations of Chitin (A) -chitin, (B) ß -chitin and (C) -Chitin known These are the heterogeneous deacetylation of solid chitin and the homogeneous deacetylation of pre-swollen chitin under ... levels of transfection Lavertu et al studied several combinations of Mw and DA of chitosan finding two combinations of high transfection efficiency using a chitosan of 10 kDa and DD of 92 and 80%, ... easily to chitosan The adsorption of cells on chitin and chitosan has also been studied Strand et al studied the effect of the chemical composition and Mw of chitosan on the adsorption and flocculation...
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Application of Hydrothermal Reaction to Biodegradability Improvement of Refractory Pollutants: Structural Conversion of Di- and Trichloroacetic Acid to Biodegradable Products
... biodegradability of CAAs regardless of the number of attached chlorine atoms The purposes of this research are to investigate the effect of the number of attached chlorine atoms on the reaction mechanism of ... Effect of reaction time on the content change of products from DCAA and TCAA by o hydrothermal reaction at 250 C and MPa Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.1, No.2, 2003 acid, % of ... can be seen from the - 221 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.1, No.2, 2003 results of TOC and DOC In case of TCAA, more than 70 % of TOC and CODCr were mineralized within as...
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Photodegradation and removal of phenol and phenolic derivatives from petroleum refinery wastewater using nanoparticles of TiO2
... expanded since the discovery of the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 and the demonstration of its effectiveness to generate hydroxyl radicals in the presence of UV light [8] The more activity of ... treatment using nanoparticles of TiO2 and UV light The main feature of this work is the use of inexpensive and recoverable catalyst This sort of processes for degradation of organic compounds may ... black run) and with UV light (both with 100 mg L−1 of TiO2, and temperature of 303 K) Figure shows, very low reduction of COD which was found in the absence of light The increase of temperature...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Correlation between functional and structural changes of reduced and oxidized trout hemoglobins I and IV at different pHs doc
... HbI and HbIV: iron(II)-HbI and met-HbI induce a 23.2 and 50.1% reduction of the peak intensity, respectively, when compared with the peak of the buffer Iron(II)-HbIV and metHbIV induce a 35.8 and ... [5,6] The mechanism of hydrogen peroxide removal by iron(II)-Hb (oxyHb and deoxyHb) and met-Hb results in the formation of ferrylhemoglobin (ferrylHb) and oxoferrylhemoglobin (oxoferrylHb), respectively ... explained by the reaction of oxoferrylHb with H2O2 with the production of met-Hb and oxygen instead of superoxide anion [8] Our data performed, at pH 5.4, in the presence of H2O2 and guaiacol (as reductant)...
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THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF TALL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS doc
... which effective mass (M*), sdof acceleration (Ssdof), and sdof displacement (∆sdof) can be obtained (ATC 40, 1996; Chopra and Goel, 2001; Qi and Moehle, 1991; Saiidi and Sozen, 1981) as M* = (∑ ... Ssdof = (∑ mif i ) Vbase ∆ , ∆sdof = roof , Γ = M* Γf roof ∑ mifi (b) Figure Static nonlinear analysis and conversion to equivalent sdof system: (a) static nonlinear analysis; (b) equivalent sdof ... to understand and approve the code exceptions and alternative means being proposed Questions invariably arise regarding use and performance of new materials and systems, selection of appropriate...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Social-structural contexts of needle and syringe sharing behaviours of HIV-positive injecting drug users in Manipur, India: a mixed methods investigation" doc
... as a form of member checking Ethics and consent The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Board of University of Toronto and the Community Advisory Board of Indian Network ... political and military goals [41,42] From the perspectives of participants and key informants, the actions of many NGOs and anti-drug groups often serve to produce risk by fomenting criminalization and ... examine in depth the social -structural contexts of drug use related risk behaviours and how they may influence individuallevel behaviours Understanding social and structural influences on unsafe...
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Direct asymmetric vinylogous reactions of furanones and phthalide derivatives with bifunctional and trifunctional organocatalysts
... of Furanones and Phthalide Derivatives with Bifunctional and Trifunctional Organocatalysts Luo Jie (BSc, Zhejiang Univ.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ... love and support throughout my studies Without their help, I cannot complete this work Table of Contents Summary List of Tables List of Schemes List of Figures List of Abbreviations List of Publications ... Derivatizations of the vinylogous aldol adducts 57 2.4.4.1 Preparation of lactone 57 2.4.4.2 Preparation of glycerol derivatives 60 2.4.4.3 Preparation of antifungal agent 62 2.4.5 Analytical data of products...
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Asymmetric synthesis of furan and oxindole derivatives with bifunctional and multifunctional organic catalysts
... in almost all types of reactions, and good selectivities can often be achieved by combining chiral ligands and suitable metals However, high cost and toxicity of the metals, and stringent reaction ... development of asymmetric synthesis of furan and oxindole derivatives with tertiary amine thiourea organocatalysts, including enantioselective synthesis of 3(2H)-furanones and 2,3-dihydrofurans with ... Manipulation of 3-Heteroatom Oxindole Products 158 5.4.5 X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis and Determination of Configurations of the 3-Chlorooxindole and 3Sulfenyloxindole Products 5.4.6 Analytical Data of...
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Synthesis and applications of epicatechin and epiafzelechin derivatives from proanthocyanidins
... proanthocyanidins from the rhizomes of Selliguea feei and synthesis of epiafzelechin derivatives 110 8.6.1 Extraction and characterization of proanthocyanidins from the rhizomes of Selliguea feei ... (PBPs) and grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) via MALDITOF-MS and thiolysis analysis Both thiolysis and MALDI-TOF-MS results indicated that MPPs were ideal for synthesis of the new chiral ligands ... Figure 5.8 Structural similarities between compound 26 and reported chiral ligand B Figure 6.1 Cleavage rate of C-S bond in epicatechin derivatives 2, and 11 Figure 6.2 ESI-MS spectra of the dethiolation...
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Structural studies of cysteine and serine protease inhibitors towards therapeutic applications
... interactions of two adjacent protein-ligand complexes in the unit cell of Inhibitor and cathepsin L complex 62 Stereo view of interactions between the inhibitor 14 and cathepsin L 64 Schematic view of ... been 10 solved and refined at 2.2, 2.5, 1.8 and 2.5Å respectively These four inhibitors were selected to help clarify and elucidate the binding mode of this class of inhibitors Of particular interest ... three levels of classification of proteases Figure 1.3 Clan of Aspartic Peptidases from the MEROPS Database Figure 1.4 Crystal structures of selected proenzyme and mature forms of Cathepsins...
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chitin and chitosan: Chemistry, propertíes and applications
... mammalian and microbial cells aggresively, Derivatives of Chitin and Chitosan Chitosan may be readily derivatized by utilizing the reactivity of the primary amino group and the primary and secondary ... hair sprays, and hair tonics Several derivatives of chitosan and chitin have potential applications in hair care They include glyceryl chitosan, an adduct of an oligomer of hydrolyzed chitosan, ... n-hydroxypropyl chitosan, quaternary hydroxypropyl-substituted chitosan, polyoxyalkylene chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharides, chitin sulphate, and carboxymethyl chitin Some derivatives of chitosan can...
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Application of chitin and chitosanbased materials for enzyme immobilizations: a review
... synthetic, chitin and chitosan are of interest in that they offer most of the above characteristics Chitin and chitosan are natural polyaminosaccharides [14–28], chitin being one of the world’s ... immobilization supports chitin- and chitosanbased materials are used in the form of powders, flakes and gels of different geometrical configurations Chitin/ chitosan powders and flakes are available ... Determination of glucose Chitin powder  -Chitin membrane (coagulation) Chitin film (coagulation) Chitosan beads Chitosan membrane (a) Chitosan membrane (a, c, d) Sol–gel /chitosan membrane (c) Chitosan- organosilane...
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An infrared investigation in relation with chitin and chitosan characterization
... Abstract The use of infrared spectroscopy for characterization of the composition of chitin and chitosan covering the entire range of degree of acetylation (DA) and a wide variety of raw materials ... fraction of N-acetylglucosamine) 3.2 Chitin and chitosan analysis In Figs and are given the IR spectra of the two polymers (samples 24 and 1, respectively) with the aim to show the role of the ... independent of the technique and state of the material This evidence supports the use of A1320/A1420 ratio, as being only sensitive to the chemical composition of chitin (or chitosan) irrespectively of...
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Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications
... modelling: (a) of a chitin chain with two H bonds (1) betweenOH and O 5, (2) betweenOH and O of CQO; and (b) of a chitosan chain with two H bonds (1) betweenOH and O 5, and (2) betweenOH and N modeling ... temperature, and the presence of excess free CD or AD [229] 3.5 Applications of chitosan and chitosan derivatives Table 10 summarizes the main properties of chitosan and potential biomedical and other ... properties of chitin and chitosan are valuable for both plant and animal applications, and such developments can be considered as valuable extensions of the use of chitin and its derivatives...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Functional and structural analyses of N-acylsulfonamidelinked dinucleoside inhibitors of RNase A ppt
... studies of the structure and binding sites of enzymes Inhibitor binding to ribonucleases J Mol Biol 45, 491511 33 Ui N (1971) Isoelectric points and conformation of proteins I Effect of urea ... Fc| RhFo, where Fo and Fc are the observed and calculated structure factor amplitudes of reection h, respectively Rfree is equal to Rcryst for a randomly selected 5.0% subset of reections not used ... structural interactions of a nucleic acid with a protein Conclusions The functional and structural studies presented herein demonstrate the attributes of N-acylsulfonamidyl and sulfonimidyl groups...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Structural features of proinsulin C-peptide oligomeric and amyloid states pptx
... in the presence of divalent Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions under native conditions (B), and of 100 lM C-peptide in the presence of insulin (C) and of 100 lM C-peptide in the presence of NaCl and formamide ... electrophoresis and a wide range of spectroscopic techniques Suitable methods for investigation of the secondary structure and morphology of such structures, however, require the presence of large amounts of ... process of C-peptide and analyzed the formation of oligomers and their secondary structure by complementary methods, including the detection of C-peptide oligomers by PAGE electrophoresis and spectroscopic...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: The chitinolytic system of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis comprises a nonprocessive chitinase and a chitin-binding protein that promotes the degradation of a- and b-chitin doc
... broad selection of insoluble carbohydrates (e.g ChbB, which binds both a- and b -chitin [21], and Chb3 from St coelicolor, which binds a -chitin, b -chitin, colloidal chitin and chitosan [22]), ... all cases Degradation of a- and b -chitin Determination of the enzyme activity towards insoluble chitin was performed using b -chitin from a squid pen (France Chitin) and a -chitin isolated from ... amount of product formed, and thereby the reliability of the assay, vig- L lactis chitinase and chitin- binding protein orous shaking was applied to promote the chitinLlChi18A and or chitinLlCBP33A...
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