... dis-charge can contain a wide range of contaminants and originate from a myriad of sources. Some of the biggest generators of toxic industrial waste include mining, pulp mills, tanneries, sugar ... from mining operations can contain silt and rock particles and sur-factants. Depending on the type of ore deposit being mined, tailings can also contain heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, ... examples of persistent environmental damage caused by the discharge of toxic mine waste. In Papua New Guinea for ex-ample, companies discharge millions of tons of contaminated mine waste into...
... Organizations involved in combating HIV/AIDS in developing countries.Earmarks and initiatives will undoubtedly continue to play an important role in determining the priorities for USAID and, indeed, in ... president of the National Academy of Engineering.The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences tosecure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions ... major programs but investslittle in developing human resourcestrained in important S&T fields. In addressing the roleof USAID in capitalizing on the S&T strengths of U.S.and other...
... This work, following the innovative analyses of human capital by Jacob Mincer (1970, 1974), considers how investing in differing amounts of schooling affects individual earnings. Over the past ... school in Ghana or Peru would gain the same amount of knowledge in any year of schooling as the average student in a school in Finland or Korea? Still, using the quantitative measure of years of ... and Patrinos (2004)), which are frequently interpreted as indicating diminishing marginal returns to schooling. There are some reasons for caution in interpreting the precise magnitude of estimates....
... enhancements in personal computing since then have come fromlarge firms as well, including the hard drive (IBM PC/XT), althoughenhancements in personal computing, software, and their marketingcontinue ... growth from the second quarter of 2000 into jobclasses using beginning size of firm, mean size of firm over the period,and end size of firm. If the beginning size of the firm is used to classifyfirms, ... greatest weight in the net economic impact.Experience suggests that because of these typically large indirect effectsThe Roleof Small and Large Businesses in Economic Development By Kelly...
... shown that interactions betweenKCs and endotoxin comprise the initiating event lead-ing to hepatotoxicity in liver injury, including endotox-emia and ischemia ⁄ reperfusion injury [14]. In ourstudies, ... signaling is independent of Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptorprotein. Drug Metab Dispos 36, 95–101.10 Ghose R, Guo T & Haque N (2009) Regulation of geneexpression of hepatic ... USA). Binding of all of the anti-bodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRONBiotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manu-facturer’s instructions. The intensity of the...
... or without hematoxylin staining. In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati,OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O2. Culturemedium ... cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovineserum. OP9 cells were grown in aMEM containing 20%fetal bovine serum. C2C12 cells were maintained in DMEMcontaining 10% fetal bovine serum.Adipogenic ... serumand IDM (10 lgÆmL)1insulin, 1 lm dexamethasone, and0.5 mm IDM). Cells were then maintained in DMEM con-taining 10% fetal bovine serum and 1 lgÆmL)1insulin. Themedium was replaced...
... calcium-independentphospholipase A2participates in ER stress-inducedINS-1 insulinoma cell apoptosis by promoting cera-mide generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelins byneutral sphingomyelinase. ... leading to the accumulation of sphingomyelin [27]. Because one of the pathwaysfor ceramide recycling is the sphingomyelin pathway, itis conceivable that in addition to the accumulation of Fig. ... should have a key rolein our under-standing of the mechanisms of the disease. We proposethat pathology data will, in most cases, be moreinsightful than clinical data in defining the disease.This...
... rolein skin woundhealing. After a skin injury, PPARb expression is rap-idly elevated in the epidermis at the wound edges; dele-tion of a single PPARb allele results in delayed woundhealing ... culturedhuman keratinocytes [14]. In this study, we examined the interaction betweenCerK and PPARb, and its rolein regulating keratino-cyte survival. We report that in a mouse keratinocytecell line upregulation ... important rolein keratinocyte sur-vival during skin wound healing, and PPARb expres-sion is elevated at injury sites [10,15]. We investigatedwhether skin barrier disruption by tape-strippingwould...
... substratebinding process. This provides strong evidence thatN-glycans, in particular their terminal structures, areinvolved in regulating the GABA translocation of GAT1, but not in binding of GAT1 ... that N-linked oligosaccharide side-chainsare important for the GABA transport activity.1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into the roleof theterminal ... folding of newly synthesizedproteins in the ER. If N-glycosylation is inhibited,some glycoproteins fail to fold or assemble efficiently,resulting in a prolonged retention in the ER and anincreased...
... rate of time preference. This fact, which withone kind of capital defines the long-run stock of that capital, in the two -capital model of section 4 defines a curve in the 'physical capital- human ... time, in levelsand rates of growth of per capita income. This may seem too narrow adefinition, and perhaps itis,butthinking about income patternswillneces-sarily involve us in thinking ... Thereissurely no strain in thinking that a model stressing the effects of learning-by-doingislikely to shedlight on these events.A successful theory ofeconomicdevelopment clearly needs, in the firstplace,...