... hydroxylamine inthe presence of xanthineoxidase A steep increase inthe activity of SOD began immediately following the transfer ofthe plant grown in water into a 500 mM NaCl solution (Fig 5) The ... sequence of events was thought to be increased salinity, water stress, stomatal closure, decrease in intracellular CO2 , and decrease in photosynthesis The linear relation between photosynthesis and ... modified method of Elstner and Heupel (1976) and Ganschow and Schike (1969), respectively, and these results were then normalized to total protein inthe sample To investigate the effect of salt on...
... understanding ofthe economic sectors, and their skills and demographic profiles, is fundamental to an understanding ofthe impact of HIV/AIDS on various sectors andthe demand and supply of labour ... assessment of HIV/ AIDS inthe private security and legal services industries, in terms ofthe prevalence and incidence rates of HIV, business impact, andtheresponsesof businesses tothe epidemic ... employed and trained Training was conducted at the HSRC in Pretoria from 31 May to June 2006 Twelve trainers took part, and they represented the HSRC, the laboratory and couriers The training content...
... secondgrowth stands inthe Coast Ranges south of Valdivia, and transplanted to 3-L 20-cm high pots The two species were obtained from separate stands on the seaward (west-facing) slopes ofthe range, the ... I), and considering that N nitida is the more sensitive ofthe two species to transplanting (M Alberdi, unpublished) plants were potted in original soil ofthe N nitida site, in order to standardise ... WUE ofthe two species responds differently to drought, and our findings add to a body of evidence that thephysiological basis of inter-specific variation in drought tolerance is best understood...
... and Lohnes, lings (Fig 3) Water stress reduced leaf area most in Katherine seedlings (Fig 4), andthe provenances also differed in stress-induced changes inthe partitioning of dry matter into ... between provenances inthe production of hairs on the collar of germinating seedlings (Fig 1which bind the III tothe soil and assist early uptake Shoot growth of Petford seedlings was best at high ... stress in Tennant Creek and Petford seedlings, and by water stress in Katherine seedlings Discussion and Conclusions The results indicate that the provenances of E camaldulensis differ in their...
... conservation ofthe tryptophan in binding site II and an aromatic residue (mainly tryptophan or tyrosine) in binding site I [22] We have shown that the tryptophan residue involvedin binding site ... interaction between the N- and C-terminal domains of SSIII in vitro Mapping ofthe CD-binding region inthe N-terminal SBDs In order to identify the SBD region required for the SBD–CD interaction, we ... D(316–344) inthe D2 domain and D(495–535) inthe D3 domain, are involvedinthe interaction with CD, and that this interaction enhances the catalytic activity ofthe enzyme Our results show that the interaction...
... human fucokinase cDNA is similar tothe long splice variant of mouse fucokinase cDNA at the 3¢ splice region The first and third methionines inthe murine sequence, inthe upstream end ofthe CDS, ... role inthe synthesis of GDP-L-fucose inthe cytosol The importance andthe regulatory mechanisms ofthe enzymes inthe salvage pathway of GDP-L-fucose have not been elucidated, thus futher studies ... sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of mouse L-fucokinase The predicted amino acid sequence for the coding area ofthe long splice variant of fucokinase consists of 1090 amino acids Due to alternative...
... of BphH measured the dissociation constants of Mg2+ and Mn2+ andthein uence of each metal cofactor on the kinetic parameters for HPDA hydration We also generate and test the specificity ofthe ... andthe role ofthe metal cofactor inthe enzyme Results Cloning, expression and purification of BphH The bphH gene was inserted into the expression vectors pT7-7 [11], pEMBL18 [12] and pVLT31 [13], ... roles ofthe cation include the activation of water for the hydration reaction and ⁄ or the stabilization ofthe anion transition state Inthe latter case, if the substrate coordination to the...
... sideration of switching to ST and pharmaceutical nicotine and potential willingness to switch inthe future, as well as to partially assess the informational barriers to switching Methods The research ... switching to a hypothetical reduced risk nicotine product inthe future Reasons for not previously considering switching to ST or pharmaceutical nicotine to stop smoking but continuing to use ... observing them smoking before, during, or soon after completing the survey Their demographic characteristics and their history of using nicotine products are described in Table Overall, 43% of participants...
... initialize the sampler by randomly assigning each string inthe training corpus a random tree generated by the grammar Then we randomly select a string to resample, and sample a parse of that string ... detection of syllable u boundaries combining the advantages of treebank and bracketed corpora training In Proceedings ofthe 39th Annual Meeting ofthe Association for Computational Linguistics Karin ... shown in Figure In this grammar andthe grammars below, underlining indicates an adapted nonterminal Phoneme is a nonterminal that expands to each ofthe 50 distinct phonemes present inthe Brent...
... with the results obtained by protein intrinsic fluorescence and CD The binding affinity (Kd) of ANS to d2-crystallin in 0, 0.84 M and M GdnHCl solution was determined to be 53 ± 3.1, 63 ± 3.6 and ... d2-crystallin is equilibrated in GdnHCl solutions [15] The protein appears to dissociate into monomers before further unfolding occurs The detailed dissociation/unfolding mechanism ofthe protein remains ... sedimentation divided by the acceleration ofthe force field) of 9.14 s (Fig 3) Incubation ofthe protein in 0.2 M or 0.4 M GdnHCl resulted in a decrease inthe s-value to 8.87 s and 8.51 s, respectively...
... step inthe light of judgments ofthe UK courts and decisions ofthe EPO Boards of Appeal as they relate to biotechnology in particular, and by their relevance to a specific step ofthe Windsurfing/ ... consisting ofthe binding pocket, and which is demonstrated to retain the binding and signalling activity ofthe protein may be novel if no such isolated polypeptide fragment is known inthe prior ... question is then construed, andthe differences between the state ofthe art andthe inventive concept ofthe claim are identified This then enables the examiner to approach the final step and ask...
... translocated toand processed inthe mitochondrial matrix An age-dependent decline inthe mitochondrial import of BER proteins into the mitochondrial matrix may contribute tothe increases in damaged ... only in mutant mtDNA harboring the common deletion By applying the specific probe, we can even detect the presence ofthe common deletion inthe inner ear inthe control group The proportions ofthe ... Accumulation of mtDNA deletions in inner ear Y Zhong et al Increased mRNA level of TFAM induced by D-Gal Fig Effect of D-Gal on the amount ofthe mitochondrial common deletion inthe inner ear The percentages...
... pivotal role ofthe UPR is to maintain ER homeostasis Therefore, the presence of mutated proteins that are unable to fold into their native conformation inthe ER induces the UPR in an effort to restabilize ... chain is brefeldin A-insensitive and is inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor clasto-lactacystin b-lactone, resulting inthe accumulation of ricin A chains These stabilized ricin A chains are partly ... with unfolded proteins The release of ADP andthe rebinding of ATP reopens the substrate-binding domain to release and fold the nascent protein SIL1 is a cochaperone of BiP and regulates its ATPase...
... of CoA or acetyl-CoA The results are presented as the percentage of activity inthe presence ofthe effectors in relation tothe activity measured inthe absence ofthe metabolites for each of ... respect tothe parental enzymes, andthe fact that the chimeras were functional proteins (Table 1), allowed us to use them as a tool to compare regulatory patterns andto evaluate the determinants of ... activity inthe presence ofthe effectors in relation tothe activity measured inthe absence ofthe metabolites, for each ofthe respective enzyme constructs The assays were performed at least in...
... structure ofthe NOX1 gene and its splicing pathway Open boxes indicate exons Numbers inthe box denote the size of each exon (bp) The size ofthe intron is indicated under the broken lines (bp) ... the mobility ofthe specific bands (lane 4, Fig 4B) These results suggest that PGF2a increases the binding of MEF2 tothe consensus-binding site located between )139 and )130 ofthe NOX1 promoter ... reported to be involvedin an angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy [15], andin inducing the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [16], which plays a key role inthe development of...
... or inthe presence of CuCl2 (A) Digitonin extracts obtained with the indicated digitonin -to- protein ratios were submitted to BN/PAGE The gel was incubated with ATP-Mg2+ and Pb2+ to reveal the ... absent in a mutant devoid of Cys28 (not shown), thus indicating the involvement of Cys28 inthe formation ofthe adduct The 21.4-kDa band corresponded to a homodimer of subunit e resulting from the ... and Pb2+ to reveal the ATPase activity (Fig 2) The wild-type digitonin extracts contained the dimeric and oligomeric forms ofthe enzyme that were destabilized upon increasing the digitonin -to- protein...
... responding to IFNa therapy [21], confirmed the involvement of this cytokine inthe delicate balance between immunity and autoimmunity Besides helping to gain insight into IFNa mechanisms of action in ... by the cytokine and not by the vaccine itself (Figure 3) Genes up-regulated inthe PBMC of humans receiving IFNa are mainly involvedin immune response-related functions In order to gain insights ... melanoma and normal donors The effects ofthe administration of different doses of IFNa, as well as of repeating the administration ofthe cytokine in successive treatment cycles, were evaluated The...
... (internal rotation, adduction, and extension ofthe hip, extension ofthe knee and extension and inversion ofthe ankle) andthe flexion synergy (external rotation, abduction, and flexion ofthe ... hip, flexion ofthe knee, and flexion and eversion ofthe ankle) [16,17] with varying levels of completeness [18] and dominance [19] Much ofthe literature attempting to quantify these abnormal ... technique of quantifying torques at joints secondary tothe intended joint axis was applied tothelower limbs of cerebral palsy patients in a seated position, where abnormal secondary joint torques...