... application of nanodelivery systems in medicine Design of nanotechnology – baseddrugdeliverySystems Nanoparticles can be used in targeted drugdelivery at the site of disease to improve the uptake of ... therapy The effectiveness ofdrugdeliverysystems can be attributed to their small size, reduced drug toxicity, controlled time release of the drug and modification ofdrug pharmacokinetics and ... uptake of poorly soluble drugs [8,9], the targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability A schematic comparison of untargeted and targeted drugdeliverysystems is shown in Figure...
... stability Chemical Aspects ofDrugDeliverySystems Table Routes of administration and general classification ofdrugdeliverysystems ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION DRUGDELIVERY CLASS ORAL SOLIDS ... imposed by the nature of the various routes of administration available for drugdelivery ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION AND CLASSIFICATION OFDRUGDELIVERYSYSTEMS The principal routes of administration ... Aspects ofDrugDeliverySystems Table Mechanisms and properties influencing drug release from particle carrier systems* MECHANISM OFDRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES INFLUENC~NG DRUG DIFFUSION DRUG RELEASE...
... A4: series of multiple doses of a conventional drugdelivery system B: ideal drug concentration profile PRODRUG What is a prodrug? Prodrug is an inactive precursor of a drug Prodrug reconversion ... Targeted drugdelivery systems: deliver drug to a desired body location, organ, tissue, specific cells… Controlled-release drugdelivery systems: preprogramed drug release By the route of delivery: ... Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Wiley InterScience journals… CONTENTS Generalities ofdrugdelivery Liposomes as drugdeliverysystems Polymers and polymeric systems for drug delivery...
... construction ofdrugdeliverysystems in not too long a time The functionalization of CNTs used in the construction ofdrugdeliverysystems will be discussed in later sections In vivo behavior of functionalized ... schematic illustration of the strategy for the preparation of the CNT -based drugdeliverysystems Figure The modification of CNTs Schematic illustration of modification of CNTs with various molecules ... application of CNTs as the molecular transporter in drugdelivery Page 14 of 22 Drugdelivery targeted to lymphatic system Many cancers metastasize through lymphatic canal The drugdelivery systems...
... surface of the polymer, resulting in a release rate that is proportional to the surface area of the drugdelivery system (See Figure 2.5b) a DrugDrug Drug- loaded biodegradable particles b DrugDrug ... application of SBA-15 in the deliveryof the small molecule model drugof ibuprofen (IBU), with emphasis on the influence of the different functional methods on the adsorption and release of IBU Chapter ... sustained release of the large protein model drugof bovine serum albumin (BSA) on SBA-15 Chapter covers the factors affecting stability of the released BSA in fabrication ofdrugdelivery systems, including...
... attention of most researchers is microgel -based controlled drugdelivery system, as reviewed by Tanaka (1981), Hoffman (1987), Li and Tanaka (1992) and Gehrke (1993) The controlled drugdeliverysystems ... effects of immediate drug release Additional advantages of microgel -based drugdelivery include optimal dosage administration, better patient compliance and improved drug efficacy In general, when drug- loaded ... mass of drug- loaded microgels Lref reference parameter Mt absolute cumulative amount ofdrug released at time t M∞ absolute cumulative amount ofdrug released at time t=∞ R mean radius of dry...
... for DrugDeliverySystemsDrugdeliverysystems modify the kinetics or the location of the escape of the drug from the medicine Tables 15.1 and 15.2 provide generic reasons for using drugdelivery ... containing numerous types of protein drug [21–23] 15.6 Examples of Biodegradable Polymer DrugDeliverySystems Under Development 15.6.1 Polyketals Polyketal -based drugdeliverysystems are under development ... terms of duration of clinical use and Table 15.1 Use of a drugdelivery system for kinetic control Dissolution ofdrug is too slow Drug and/or formulation is physically removed from the site of...
... define drug- deliverysystemsof a certain size range Reflecting this trend of size definition, Nanoparticulate DrugDeliverySystems is a worthy attempt to bring together a wide range of drug- delivery ... nanoparticulate drug- deliverysystems The first chapter covers a complete overview of the nanoparticulate drugdelivery system, covering wide applications and evaluation of the nanoparticulate drug- delivery ... formulations of nanosuspensions for parenteral delivery The third chapter covers the polymerbased nanoparticulate drug- deliverysystems Chapters to focus on nanofibers, nanocrystals, and lipid-based...
... definition of a perfect sequence) 2.1.2 Frequency response measurements This section defines different ways of measuring frequency responses of the system or one of its subsystems They are based on ... response function H(f) of the system h(n) [16,17] For the specification of the detailed Page of 20 computation, let the frequency bin number k of the DFT of one frame of signal x at discrete ... Page of 20 Figure The gain reduction (attenuation) of a modulation -based noise reduction system is strongest for low modulation depth Figure based on [3] been described for the verification of...
... signal [12] based on synthetic speech is available for verification of transfer characteristics of telephony equipment In that case, again the speech performance of the system under test is of major ... procedure for stimulus -based measurements of a linear system’s frequency response It is based on digital signal processing and thus assumes that test stimuli and the output signal of the system under ... measurement of the frequency response in one noise reduction subband Let the number of subbands be M We assign an index i ∈ {1, 2, 3, , M } to each of them Let the lower and upper band limit of band...
... acquire most of the characteristic properties of sympathetic neurons Other salient responses to NGF include cessation of proliferation, generation of long neurites, acquisition of electrical ... Fig 2, the scheme of the CNT array -based system for drugdelivery proposed in this study is depicted The main structure is composed by the CNT array, embedded with the thin film of alginate entrapping ... Morinville, Drugdelivery to the nervous system Trend Biotechnol 15, 410–418 (1997) doi:10.1016/S01677799(97)01095-0 M Danckwerts, A Fassihi, Implantable controlled release drugdelivery systems: ...
... categories finite-state -based systems, frame -based systems, and agent -based systems In order to provide the mentioned functionality, a dialogue manager makes use of a number of knowledge sources ... types ofsystems Examples are systems which are operated directly in different acoustic environments (car navigation systems, smart home systems) , or multimodal systems Such interactive systems ... variety of other systems The interaction scenario which is addressed here is of course limited However, it is expected that the structured approach to quality of telephone -based spoken dialogue systems...
... types ofsystems Examples are systems which are operated directly in different acoustic environments (car navigation systems, smart home systems) , or multimodal systems Such interactive systems ... the quality of the developed systems, and the resulting satisfaction of their users As a wide range of novice users is the target group of current state -of- theart systems and services, the need ... variety of other systems The interaction scenario which is addressed here is of course limited However, it is expected that the structured approach to quality of telephone -based spoken dialogue systems...
... categories finite-state -based systems, frame -based systems, and agent -based systems In order to provide the mentioned functionality, a dialogue manager makes use of a number of knowledge sources ... finitestate-machine, or a set of declarative grammar rules Graphs consist of a series of linked nodes, each of which represents a system prompt, and of a limited choice of transition possibilities ... outcome of an assessment or evaluation experiment5 Spoken language systems are relatively complex systems which offer a number of different (and ill-defined) functions The functions of the individual...
... phase of an SDS may be of crucial importance for the success of a service An appropriate specification will give an indication of the scale of the whole task, increases the modularity of a system, ... assessment/evaluation: Evaluation of the fitness of an existing system for a given purpose Assessment of system (component) performance Diagnostic profile of system performance Object of the assessment/evaluation: ... dialogue systems enabling task-orientated human-machine interaction over the phone offer a relatively new type of service to their users Because of the inexperience of most users, and because of the...
... the lack of data) or uneconomic, simulation of the respective components or of the system as a whole is required The simulation of the interactive system by a human being, i.e the Wizardof-Oz (WoZ) ... would leave the subjects with an encoding of the meaning of the task description, but not with a representation of the surface form An empirical proof of this assumption, however, has not yet ... Rudnicky (1999), grounded on the analysis of safety-critical systems The aim of their analysis scheme is to identify the source of interaction problems in terms of the responsible system component...
... assess the impact of several types of telephone degradation on the performance of speech recognizers Three different recognizers are chosen for this purpose Two of them are part of a 176 spoken ... investigating both prediction outputs of the Emodel For R, the recognition rate has to be adjusted to a range of to for MOS to a range of to Based on the R values, classes of speech transmission quality ... unexpected pieces of information 5.4 Transmission Channel Influences For the designer of transmission channels as well as of spoken dialogue systems, analytic investigations of perceptual speech...
... do, and the degree of complication of the service Factor 5: “Transparency of the interface (ease of use II)” Includes the ease of use of the service, the perceived helpfulness of the service tones, ... Bloothooft, 1998) During this so-called “ELSNET Olympics”, telephone -based systems for different languages, application domains and tasks were evaluated The Quality of Spoken Dialogue Systems 261 systems ... transparency of the interaction (B19, part of the cooperativity class) The 266 Figure 6.1 Assignment of part B and C questions of experiment 6.3 to the categories of the QoS taxonomy Quality of Spoken...
... 2000a): Support comparison of multiple systems (or system versions) doing the same domain task Develop predictive models of usability of a system as a function of a range of system properties Provide ... requirements of the task by the end of the dialogue, expressed in terms of correctly filled AVMs Dialogue costs are of two types: “Dialogue efficiency costs” which are measures of the system’s ... astonishing Quality of Spoken Dialogue Systems 283 Figure 6.5 Univariate analysis of covariance for dialogue cooperativity Covariate factors are part B and C questions that none of the manner-related...