oil and gas transport

An Assessment of the Environmental Implications of Oil and Gas Production: A Regional Case Study pot

... water, and land use impacts associated with oil and gas production nationally and in Region 8. These policies range from the implementation of mandatory emissions limits on oil and gas operations ... unconventional natural gas resources including tight gas sands, shale gas, and CBM. Unconventional oil and gas resources are loosely defined as resources that are generally deeper and / or more difficult ... important to current and future domestic oil and gas supplies; highlights the unique characteristics of Region 8, such as its geology and potential for oil and gas production; and introduces relevant...

The Economic Impacts for Ireland of High Oil and Gas Prices doc

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

... risk mitigation and a low carbon future THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS FOR IRELAND OF HIGH OIL AND GAS PRICES 17 Oil and Gas Prices and their DeterminantsChapter 1. Oil and Gas Prices and their DeterminantsThis ... 07Chapter3.Economic and SocialImpactsofthree Oil and Gas PriceScenarios. 09Chapter4.Ireland’sdependenceon Oil and Gas.  15Chapter5.Options and actionstoreduceexposuretoHigh Oil and Gas Prices. ... moderate and steady outlook for oil and gas prices. 3 For the purpose of this analysis we view oil and gas prices as a coupled entity and interchange between discussions of oil, gas and both...

OIL AND GAS BONDS - Bonding Requirements and BLM Expenditures to Reclaim Orphaned Wells doc

Danh mục: Ngân hàng - Tín dụng

Budget Impasse Hinges on Confusion among Deficit Reduction, Tax Increase, and Tax Reform: An Economic Analysis of Dual Capacity and Section 199 Proposals for the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry ppt

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION pptx

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

offshore oil and gas development pdf

Danh mục: Cơ khí - Chế tạo máy

advances in corrosion control and materials in oil and gas production

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

472
3,296
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beyond oil and gas the methanol economy

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

352
3,739
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electrical and instrumentation engineering for oil and gas facilities

Danh mục: Vật lý

A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane pot

Danh mục: Tự động hóa

... approves and supervises most oil and gas operations on American Indian lands. The BLM regulations governing onshore oil and gas operations are codified at 43 CFR Part 3160 (onshore oil and gas operations). ... Groundwater Information Center at the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining, and the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. In addition, the U.S. Geological ... operations). Onshore oil and gas orders (OOGOs) implement and supplement the regulations found at 43 CFR Part 3160 for conducting oil and gas operations on federal or Indian lands. Notices to...

OVERVIEW OF FINAL AMENDMENTS TO AIR REGULATIONS FOR THE OIL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY ppt

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử

... performance standard for sulfur dioxide; an air toxics standard for major sources of oil and natural gas production; and an air toxics standard for major sources of natural gas transmission and storage. ... reviews of these standards every eight years. EPA’s existing air toxics standards for oil and natural gas production, and the standards for natural gas transmission and storage were issued ... the oil and natural gas industry while allowing continued, responsible growth in U.S. oil and natural gas production. The final rules include the first federal air standards for natural gas...

Tài liệu Báo cáo " Obtaining Essential Oil and Shikimic Acid from Star Anise Fruit (Illicium verum Hook) " ppt

Danh mục: Báo cáo khoa học

... essential oil and shikimic acid from star anise fruits. With this method, obtaining yield of essential oil and shikimic acid respectively are 9.5% and 5.6% (essential oil content and shikimic ... Sciences and Technology 26 (2010) 110-113 113 for obtaining simultaneously essential oil and shikimic acid from star anise fruits. The yield of essential oil and shikimic acid were 9.5% and ... N0 1, N0 2 and N0 3 were shown at table 1 and table 2. Table 1. Obtaining simultaneously essential oil and shikimic acid from star anise fruits by methods N0 1, N0 2 and N0 3 Star...

Tài liệu iPounder’s Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines Eighth edition docx

Danh mục: Cơ khí - Chế tạo máy

... ENGINES AND GAS TURBINESwhere s is the stiffness in newtons per metre of deflection and m is the mass attached in kg.The essence of control is to adjust these two parameters, q and I (ors and ... force, length and time.If, for instance, SI units are used (newtons, metres and seconds) kwill be 1000 and the power will be given in kW.If imperial units are used (lb, feet and minutes) k ... input and output gears are respectivelyPounder’sMarine Diesel Engines and Gas TurbinesEighth editionia decade later the fleet had grown to some 2000 ships of almost twomillion grt; and by...

Tài liệu Run your car on water and gas double mileage! pdf

Danh mục: Kĩ thuật Viễn thông

... requiringnatural gas orpropaneasasourceofheat;therebysavingvaluable and diminishingnaturalresources.Spaceheaters and furnacesareexcellentcandidates.Stoves and othercookingunitssuchasbarbecuegrillscanalsobefueledbythewater‐hybridsystem.Suchapplicationsrequireaseparatepowersupplytoconvertyourhomes120voltACpowerintothe12voltDCpowerrequiredbythewater‐hybridsystem.YoucanpurchaseaninexpensivepowersupplyatanyelectronicsstoresuchasRadioShack,orhavesomeonefamiliarwithelectronicsbuildoneforyousincethedesignisverysimple.Thecostofhomeelectricityusedbythewater‐hybridsystemisinsignificant,probablylessthan$3permonthinmostcases.IstheWaterhybridsystemdifficulttobuild?No,thewater‐hybridsystemisrelativelyeasytoassemble and veryeasytoinstall,especiallycomparedwithotherconversionplansonthemarket.Nospecialtoolsarerequired.Theusualtool and equipmentfoundinatypicalhomeworkshopwilldothejob.AssemblingtheHyTronicmoduletoachieveitsinherenthighlevelofreliabilityrequirescare and attentiontodetails,alongwithaverageelectronicsskills.Theonlyspecialpieceoftestequipmentyoumaywanttohaveaccesstouseisanoscilloscope.ItISNOTnecessary,butmayhelpyouobtainpeakefficiencyfromtheHyTronicsmodule.But,youshouldn’thaveanyproblemgettinghelpfromalocalelectronicsguruifyoudon’thaveanoscilloscope.Mostfolksaresofascinatedbyunusualelectronicsystems and devicesthattheywouldalmostbewillingtopayyoufortheprivilegeoftweakingyourHyTronicsmodule!CanIbuyareadytoinstallWaterhybridsystem?Rightnow,thisspecificwater‐hybridsystemisnotbeingcommerciallymanufactured,buttherearevariousdistributorsaroundthecountrywhoofferDIY(Doityourself)partsorfullyassembledkitsutilizingsimilartechnologies and principles.PlanningisintheinitialstagesforproducingWater‐hybridconversionkitsformostvehicles and eventuallymanufacturingtheentiresystem,oratleastitsmajorcomponents.We’rehopingtohavesomeprototypekitstestedsoon and deliveryofready‐to‐installkitsshouldbeginsometimebeforetheendof2008.However,you’llsoonbebuildingyourown!23RunaCaronWater2. ... Besurepetroleumjellycoatsonlytheendcapthreads.17RunaCaronWaterFigure5:GeneratorElectrodeCircuitSchematic18RunaCaronWaterThesquarewavepulseratiodeterminestheamountofcurrentsenttotheGeneratorelectrodesbythecircuitoffigure5.Iftheratioislow(1:1),verylittlecurrentarrivesattheelectrodes.So,verylittlehydrogen and oxygenareproducedbytheGenerator.Iftheratioishigh(10:1),maximumcurrentreachestheelectrodes and theGeneratorproducesmaximum gas volume.Varyingvoltageinputfromapotentiometerconnectedviaa10Kresistortopin3ofcomponentLM741causesthecircuittovarythepulseratio, and thereforecontrolstheamountofgasesproduced.Thepotentiometershaftconnectstothevehiclethrottlelinkage,enablingcontrolof gas volumeindirectresponsetovoltagechangescorrelatingwithrotationofthepotentiometershaftinrelationtothrottlepositioning.Atrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins2 and 6ofcomponentLM741,enablingpreciseadjustmentofthethrottleinputsignal.Asecondtrimmingpotentiometerconnectspins4 and 7ofcomponentNE555,enablingprecisepulsewidthadjustment.TheelectrodepairsofeachGeneratorexhibitauniquefrequencyofelectricalresonanceatwhichoptimum gas volumeiscreated.ThisfrequencyoftenvariesconsiderablyamongdifferentGenerators.Severalfactorsdetermineresonancefrequencysuchas:electrodesize and shape,Generatorchambersize and shape,spacingbetweenelectrodes,coilparameters and relativepositioning, and pulseamplitude(voltagelevel).Atrimmingpotentiometerconnectedbetweenpins1 and 2ofcomponentCD4069allowstheprecisefrequencytobeobtained.Byselectingvariouscombinationsofdipswitchconnectionstoabankoffourcapacitors,pulsefrequencycanbevariedbetweenapproximately8KHz and 260KHz. ... Usingyourfinger,applyaverythin,butunbroken,coatofepoxycompletelyaroundthebottomedge(rodend)oftheouterelectrode.Formabandexte4ndingabout¼”highfromthebottomedge,coatingboththeinside and outsidesurfacesoftheelectrode.NoteBesuretoinstalltheouterelectrodefirst.NoteTheprocedureofstep41centerstheinnerelectrodewithintheouterelectrode.Donotoverlaptapeendsifmoretapeisadded;simplybuttthetapeendsbeforecontinuingtowrap.12RunaCaronWaterForafewbriefmoments,onlymoreaccuratealignment and increasedpullingactionuponthewatermoleculesoccurs.But,theHyTronicssignalpulseskeepchargingthewatercapacitortohigher and highervoltagelevels;actuallyseveralthousandvolts.Suddenlytheelectricalforcesbecomesogreatthatthewatermoleculesburstapart(scientistscallthisactiondisassociation)intotheirgaseousformsofhydrogen and oxygen.IfyouwereabletolookintotheGenerator,thisactionwouldbeobviousbecauseoftheformationofmillionsoftinyhydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles.AslongastheHyTronicssignalisapplied,thewatercapacitorremainsfullycharged;continuouslycreatingorthohydrogen and oxygen.Anotherelectroniccircuitisformedbythegeneratorcoil.Thisisaninductivecircuit,meaningitcreatesamagneticfieldasopposedtothechargedfieldcreatedbythewatercapacitor.TheverylowfrequencyHyTronicssignal(actuallyashortpulse)activatesthemagneticfieldofthecoil.Assoonasthepulsestops,themagneticfieldcollapses.Thiscreatesanevenstrongermagneticfield,butafieldofoppositepolarity.Thatishowaninductivecircuitworks,anactioncommonlycalled“inductivekick.”Eachpulseispreciselytimedsothatalmostimmediatelyafterthemagneticfieldreverses,anothershortpulsearrives.Onceagainthecoilischarged and itsmagneticfieldcollapses.Butnowthecontinuallyreversingmagneticfieldbecomesevenstrongerduetoaddedenergyofeachnewpulse.Eventually(actuallywithinjustafewseconds)thecoilreachesitsmaximummagneticstrength,calleditssaturationpoint.Mostmoleculesareeffectedbymagneticfields.Thecoil’sreversingmagneticfieldsvibratethewatermoleculessovigorouslythattheydisassociateintogaseousformsofparahydrogen and oxygen.Disassociationobservablyoccurs,asseenbythecreationofmillionsoftinyhydrogen and oxygen gas bubblesaroundthecoil.Atthispoint,we’vecoveredtheconceptsneededtounderstandthebasicfunctioningofthegenerator.EveryothercomponentoftheWater‐hybridsystemissimplyusedtopreciselycontroltheactionofthegenerator.Byvaryingthestrength and frequencyoftheHyTronicsignals,theratebywhichhydrogen and oxygenarecreatedcanbevariedtomatchenginerequirementsatanyparticularmoment.Waterissuppliedbythetank and pump,whilewaterlevelwithintheGeneratoriscontrolledbyalevelsensor and switch.Forsafetypurposes,areliefvalveprotectsagainstexcesspressurebuildupwithinthegenerator.Separateportsareprovidedforattachinghosestoroute gas totheengine and toanoptionalgaugetomonitor gas pressurebuildupwithinthegenerator.Adrainvalveisinstalledtoallowperiodicflushingofaccumulatedminerals and contaminants.ThebottomendcapisthreadedsothattheGeneratorcaneasilybeopenedupforinspectionorrepair and foroccasionalcleaningoftheelectrodes and coil.Twopairsofstainlesssteel(copper,oranyconductivemetal)rodends19RunaCaronWaterFigure6:GeneratorCoilCircuitSchematicTheGeneratorcoilcircuitcreatesapulsedsignalverymuchsimilartothatoftheelectrodecircuitoffigure5;but,productionofparahydrogen and oxygenbythecoilentailstotallydifferentoperatingparametersthandoesorthohydrogen and oxygenproductionbytheelectrodes.Optimumoperatingfrequencyforthecoilismuchlower,withintherangeofapproximately16Hzto25Hz.Coilfrequencydirectlycorrelatestotheoptimumoperatingfrequencyoftheelectrodecircuitsinceitsinputsignalisreceiveddirectlyfrompin3ofelectrodecircuitcomponentNE555.Theelectrodecircuitsignalisreceivedviathe“DividebyN”logiccircuitwhichproducesoneoutputsignalinresponsetoaspecificnumberofinputsignals.Forexample,iftheoptimalfrequencyoftheelectrodecircuitis19KHz and the“DividebyN”logiccircuitcreatesoneoutputpulseforevery1,000inputpulses,theoutputfrequencyofthe“DividebyN”logiccircuitwouldbe19Hz.Thatsignalisreceivedviapin2ofcomponentNE555,whichcreatestherequiredsquarewavepulses.Thosepulsesaresentviapin3tothebaseoftransistor2N3055,wheretheyareamplified and transmittedtothecoil.11RunaCaronWatertoslowitsburningrate.Atbestthisisaninexactsciencesinceitdependsupontryingtoaveragetheoctanerequirementsformillionsofengines.Technicallyspeaking,theHydrogen/OxygenGeneratoritselfisanelectronic‐basedunit.Thetwoelectrodesformabasiccapacitor,thousandsoftimeslargerthancapacitorsusedintypicalcircuits,withwateractingasitsdielectric.Theinnerelectrodeisnegativelycharged, and theouterelectrodeispositivelycharged,bythehighfrequencyHyTronicssignal.Chemically,eachwatermolecule(H20)iscomposedoftwopositivelychargedatomsofhydrogen and onenegativelychargedatomofoxygen.Sinceoppositechargesattract,thepositivelychargedhydrogenatomsarepulledtowardtheinnerelectrode.But,atthesameinstant,thenegativelychargedoxygenatomsarepulledtowardtheouterelectrode.Thisactionalignseverywatermoleculebetweentheelectrodes,withtheendsofeachmoleculebeingpulledinoppositedirections.Inanutshell,thisisthehydrolysisprocesscentraltohydrogenextraction.Figure1:Hydrogen/OxygenGenerator22RunaCaronWaterLet’sBuildthewaterhybridsystem!:GeneratorConstructionElectrodesSinceenginerequirementsdictatethevolumeofhydrogen and oxygengasesthatthegeneratormustcreate, and gas volumeisvariable,Irecommendsizingitaslargeasispracticaltoallowreservecapacity.Maximumoutsidediameterof4.5”isalreadydeterminedbytheconstructionmaterialusedfortheGeneratorhousing:4”CPVCSchedule80pipe.Irecommendaminimumheightof10”.Maximumheightdependsuponavailablespacewithintheenginecompartmentbut,forstructuralintegrity,limitheightto18”.Carefullychecktheenginecompartmentofyourvehicletoensurethatadequatespaceexistsforgeneratorinstallation.Ifadequatespacedoesnotexisteitherlimitthegeneratorheight(butnotlessthan10”),orlocatethegeneratorwithinthetrunk,orasfarforwardaspossibleunderthedash.1....

China's Superbank: Debt, Oil and Influence - How China Development Bank is Rewriting the Rules of Finance

Danh mục: Ngân hàng - Tín dụng

... surrounding land, and that means more money for the local government, which can sellthat land to developers of apartment blocks. But first of all, the city needsto acquire that land and bring ... the stadium. He moved 200 yards away and built a newplace with his own hands amid the leftover bits of farmland where thefarmers struggle to grow corn and beans in earth that has washed downfrom ... manage, and build ports, roads, and railroads.What bank in this day and age can lend so much money to one ofthe world’s riskiest regimes, a nation with two centuries of creditdefaults, and then...

Integrated Systems of Meso-Meteorological and Chemical Transport Models docx

Danh mục: Tự động hóa

... global-through-urban scale Gas, Aerosol, Transport, Radiation, General Circulation, and Mesoscale Meteorological model, GATOR/GCMM. GATOR/GCMMwas designed to treat gases, size- and composition-resolved ... state of sci ence global and regional coupled models; and GATOR/GCMOM appears to be the only modelthat represents gas, size- and composition -resolved a erosol, cloud, and meteoro-logical processes ... presentssigniﬁcant challenges in terms of both scientiﬁc understanding and computationaldemand. In this work, the history and current status of development and applicationof on-line models are reviewed. Several...

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crystalline structure, defects and gas sensor response

Danh mục: Vật lý

... to NO2 and H2S of gas sensors based on differentlyannealed WO3. Thick-ﬁlm gas sensors based on differentlyannealed WO3nanopowders (400 and 700 8C) were pre-pared and their gas- sensing ... SpainAbstractStructural and NO2 and H2S gas- sensing properties of nanocrystalline WO3powders are analysed in this work. Sensor response of thick-ﬁlm gas sensors was studied in dry and humid air. ... temperatures for thedetection of our target gases (between room temperature and 300 8C) in order to better relate structural and gas- sensing properties.Sensors and Actuators B 93 (2003) 475–485*Corresponding...

electrical and gas - sensing properties of wo3 semiconductor material

Danh mục: Vật lý

... concentration of NOx gas [6]. However,most reports focused on the NOx gas sensors, and thestudy of sensing to other gases was rare. In this paper,we have investigated the electrical and gas- sensingcharacteristics ... theother hand, the sensitivity of sensor to other gases suchas petrol, butane and methane is very low, though gas concentration is 1000 ppm.Fig. 6 shows the relationship between sensitivity and sample ... a-Fe2O3 and so on. Thesecandidates have non-stoichiometrics structures, so freeelectrons originating from oxygen vacancies contributeto electronic conductivity [1]. The demands for accurateand...

glucose - mediated hydrothermal synthesis and gas sensing characteristics of wo3 hollow microspheres

Danh mục: Vật lý

... theeffective gas diffusion (Fig. 5). The gas response was improved fur-Fig. 7. Dynamic sensing transients of (a) R30-RH and (b) R30 sensors and (c) gas responses (Rg/Ra) of R30-RH and R30 sensors ... of those ofthe other gases. These results demonstrated the high gas response and selective detection of WO3nano-porous microspheres to NO2.The selective detection and gas responses were enhanced ... reported higher gas responses.The higher gas response of the R30 microspheres than thoseof the R5 and R05 powders was attributed to the higher surfacearea for gas sensing reaction and the large...

large - scale synthesis and gas sensing application of vertically

Danh mục: Vật lý

... nanorod arrays and commercial WO3powders.(b) Sensing responses vs. gas concentrations of various gases, including 1-butanol,acetone, toluene, 2-propanol, acetic acid, ethanol, gasoline, and heptane.Sensors ... ina test gas could be measured. The gas sensing response is deﬁnedas the ratio of the stationary electrical resistance of the sensor inair (Rair) to the resistance in the test gas (R gas ), ... organic solvents and fuels, including acetone, ethanol,propanol, butanol,toluene, heptane, acetic acid, and gasoline. Someof these chemicals are very important industrial raw materials, and the others...

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