... encourage you to reproduce it and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the NationalInstitute of Mental Health as a source is ap-preciated. However, using government materials ... help people with depression. 19Women and Depression U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes ofHealth NIH Publication No. 09 4779 Revised 2009 How does depression ... last month of pregnancy to minimize the newborn’s withdrawal symptoms, and aer delivery, return to a full dose during the vulnerable postpartum period. National Instituteof Mental Health 14...
... mission.17U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHANDHUMANSERVICES National Institutes ofHealth National Instituteof General Medical Sciences NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES STRATEGIC PLAN ... Courtesy of Atul Butte,Stanford University. National Instituteof General Medical Sciences | Strategic Plan 2008–20122The investments of the NationalInstituteof GeneralMedical Sciences ... grant programs.8$189MILLIONU.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes ofHealth National Instituteof General Medical Sciences NIH Publication No. 08-6376January...
... Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (7) in the heading of subpart 7 of part C of title IV (42 U.S.C. 285g et seq.), by striking the term ‘ NationalInstitute of ... ‘‘Eunice Kennedy Shriver NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’; (4) in section 409D(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 284h(c)(1)), by striking ‘ NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’ ... Kennedy Shriver NationalInstituteof Child Health and Human Development’’; (5) in section 424(c)(3)(B)(vi) (42 U.S.C. 285b–7(c)(3)(B)(vi)), by striking ‘ NationalInstituteof Child Health and...
... Public Health Service Act to provide forawards by the NationalInstituteof Environmental HealthSciences to develop and operate multidisciplinaryresearch centers regarding the impact of environmental factors ... Public Health Service Act to provide for awards by the National InstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciences to develop andoperate multidisciplinary research centers regarding the impact of envi-ronmental ... 2•HR 183 IHSEC. 2. NATIONALINSTITUTEOF ENVIRONMENTAL1 HEALTH SCIENCES; AWARDS FOR DEVELOP-2MENT AND OPERATION OF MULTIDISCI-3PLINARY RESEARCH CENTERS REGARDING4WOMEN’S HEALTH AND DISEASE...
... of this issue: “A small number of flaws in software programs are responsible for the vast majority of successful Internet attacks…. A few software vulnerabilities account for the majority of ... None of these tests by themselves will provide a complete picture of the network or its security posture. Table 3.1 at the end of this section summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of each ... organization to alert other security officers, management, and users that network mapping is taking place. Since a number of these test mimic some of the signs of attack, the appropriate manages...
... of the problem, the objectives of the study, thedefinition of the event and unit of observation, characterization of the system,sources of data, selection of controls, and characteristics of ... understanding of thetoxic properties or mechanisms of the chemicals in question, of the physiology of the animal species tested and of humans, and of the potential for humanexposures.Three main types of ... www.nap.edu.Animals as Sentinels ofEnvironmentalHealth Hazards Committee on Animals as Monitors ofEnvironmental Hazards, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council...
... question) and is a classic example of faulty scientific analysis. The main goal of NIST’s investigation and analysis was to determine the cause of the collapse of the Twin Towers. This means that ... severe damage results for comparison purposes. The details of the less severe damage estimates can be found in NationalInstituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) NCSTAR 1-2B.” (NCSTAR 1-2, ... the impact of jet airliners plus the resulting fires were the only cause of the collapse of the Twin Towers. The specific revisions needed include: a. Revise the stated goal of the WTC Report...
... out of level up to three degrees or 5 %. If the accuracy of the system is affected by out -of- level conditions normal to the use of the device, the system shall be equipped with an out -of- level ... U. S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary Technology Administration Robert Cresanti, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology National Instituteof Standards and ... their latest form, all of the current codes as adopted by the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM), Inc.1 NCWM is supported by the NationalInstituteof Standards and Technology...
... the Institute of Medicine. Support for this project was provided by the NationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealth Sciences, National Institutes ofHealth (Contract N01-OD-4-2193, TO#43); National ... Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MDRichard Jackson, Graham Family Professor, School of Public Health, Director of the Graham Environmental Sustainability Institute, ... Professor, Department ofEnvironmental Health, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, SeattleHoward Frumkin, Director, National Center for Environmental Health/ Agency...
... analysis of national needs and priorities. STEP recommended that the White House Office of Science and Technology and the Office of Management and Budget lead an3NSF, National Patterns of R&D ... TechnologyCommittee on Future Environments for the National Instituteof Standards and TechnologyDivision on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESSWashington, D.C.92Push ... the deputy director of the NationalInstituteof Stan-dards and Technology (NIST) asked the National Research Council to performthe following task:The Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics,...
... other studies of the prevalence of health conditions among Hispanic children.3,4,5Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care NeedsThe National Survey of Children with Special Health Care ... 37 percent of CSHCN in povertyreceive services compared to 22 percent of children with familyincomes of 400 percent of poverty or more. Health Insurance CoverageThe National Survey of Children ... citation:U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs...
... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomensherepresentsinthepopulationiscalledher‘‘samplingweight.’’Samplingweightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthisaveragevaluedependingontherespondent’srace,theresponserateforsimilarwomen,andotherfactors.Aswithanysamplesurvey,theestimatesinthisreportaresubjecttosamplingvariability.SignificancetestsonNSFGdatashouldbedonetakingthesamplingdesignintoaccount.Nonsamplingerrorswereminimizedbystringentquality-controlproceduresthatincludedthoroughinterviewertraining,checkingtheconsistencyofanswersduringandaftertheinterview,imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthesamplingweightsfornonresponseandundercoveragetomatchnationaltotals.Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandotherstatisticalaspectsofthesurveyaredescribedinmoredetailinanotherseparatereport(13).Thisreportshowsfindingsbycharacteristicsofthewomaninterviewed,includingherage,maritalstatus,education,parity,householdincomedividedbythepovertylevel,andraceandHispanicorigin.IthasbeenshownthatblackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedlylowerlevelsofincome,education,andaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandotherfactors,ratherthanraceororiginperse,probablyaccountfordifferencesinthebehaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthisreportamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomen(15).TableBshowsafactorthatshouldbeconsideredininterpretingtrendsinpregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnitedStates:thechangingagecompositionofthereproductive-agepopulation.In1982,therewere54.1millionwomenofreproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2million(16).Thelargebabyboomcohort,bornbetween1946and1964,was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42yearsofagein1988,and31–49yearsofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohortswerepreceded(upto1945)andfollowed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts.Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or11percentbetween1982and1995,thenumberofteenagewomendroppedbyabout6percent,thenumberofwomen20–24yearsofagedroppedby15percent,andthenumberofwomen25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).Incontrast,thenumberofwomen30–44yearsofageincreasedsharply—forexample,thenumberofwomen40–44yearsofageincreasedby59percentbetween1982and1995.Also,women30–44yearsofageaccountedfor54percentofwomen15–44yearsofagein1995comparedwith44percentin1982.Thesedifferencesinagecompositionmayberelevantwhenevertimetrendsamongwomen15–44yearsofagearebeingdiscussed.Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995NSFGareavailableoncomputertape.TheywillalsobeavailableonCompactDiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM).QuestionsaboutthecostandavailabilityofthecomputertapesshouldbedirectedtotheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad,Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650,or1–800-553-NTIS.QuestionsregardingtheCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedtoNCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat301–436-8500.ResultsTables1–17containmeasuresofpregnancyandbirthintheUnitedStates.ChildrenEverBornandTotalBirthsExpectedIn1995,women15–44yearsofageintheUnitedStateshadhadanaverageof1.2birthsperwoman(table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995,women15–44yearsofageexpectedtofinishtheirchildbearingwithanaverageof2.2childrenperwoman(table1)comparedwith2.2in1988and2.4in1982(17).Theproportionwhoreportthattheyhaveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedlyhigherforcollegegraduatesthanforthosewhodidnotcompletehighschool(table3).Thissamepatternbyeducationisalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsareexamined(tables4–5):about49percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohadgraduatedfromcollegehadhadnolivebirthsasofthedateofinterviewcomparedwithjust8percentofwomen22–44yearsofagewithoutahighschooldiploma(table4).WithinraceandHispanicorigingroups,thepatternwasthesame:collegegraduateshadmarkedlyhigherpercentschildlessthanwomenwithlesseducation(table5).Table6showsacomparisonbetweenlivebirthsreportedintheNSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirthcertificatesintheyears1991–94.Ineachindividualcalendaryearandforthesumoftheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimateofthenumberofbirthsisveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotalanddiffersfromitbylessthantheNSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFGestimateisalsoverycloseforwhitewomen.TheNSFGestimateforblackwomenisslightlylower,andtheestimateforotherracessomewhathigherthanthebirthcertificatedata.Adiscussionofthisdifferenceisgiveninthedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanicorigin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’Overall,andbycharacteristicsotherthanrace,however,table6showsthatTableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995Age¬ ... 1995 National Survey of Family Growth.Vital Health Stat Series 2 (inpreparation).14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statisticalabstract of the United States, 1996.Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce....