line follower robot circuit diagram using microcontroller

FOLLOWER ROBOT 1

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P1

... LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “Matlab Fundamentals.”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. John Okyere AttiaBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 ... vector t2. Also, for matrix t3, t3(2,3) denotes the entry in the second row and third column. Using the co-lon as one of the subscripts denotes all of the corresponding row or column. For ... COMPLEX NUMBERS MATLAB allows operations involving complex numbers. Complex numbers are entered using function i or j. For example, a number zj=+22 may be entered in MATLAB as z = 2+2*i...

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB

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... CHAPTER TWELVE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS 12.1 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 12.2 BIASING OF BJT DISCRETE CIRCUITS 12.2.1 Self-bias circuit 12.2.2 Bias stability 12.3 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BIASING 12.3.1 ... concepts, not with the aim of writing a textbook on circuit analysis and electronics. Selected problems in circuit analysis have been solved using MATLAB. © 1999 CRC Press LLC © 1999 ... Voltage of an RLC Circuit 6.3 AC Current and Voltage of a Circuit with Two Sources 6.4 Unbalanced Wye-wye Connection 6.5 Network Function, Poles and Zeros of a Circuit 6.6 Inverse...

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P3

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... LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “Control Statements .”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. John Okyere AttiaBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 ... The text with format specification should end with \n to indicate the end of line. However, we can also use \n to get line feeds as represented by the fol-lowing example: r1 = 1500; fprintf('resistance ... “short” format (5 significant dig-its). Format compact suppresses line- feeds that appear between matrix dis-plays, thus allowing more lines of information to be seen on the screen. For- ©...

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P2

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... implying, plot x versus y using green color. Line and mark style may be added to color type using the command plot(x, y, ’+w’) The above statement implies plot x versus y using white + marks. ... Current of an RL Circuit under Sinusoidal Steady State Conditions © 1999 CRC Press LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC 2.2 X-Y PLOTS AND ANNOTATIONS The plot command generates a linear x-y plot. ... plot(x) will produce a linear plot of the elements in the vector x as a function of the index of the elements in x. MATLAB will connect the points by straight lines. If x is a matrix, each...

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P6

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... Three-phase circuits are analyzed by converting the circuits into the frequency domain and by using the Kirchoff voltage and current laws. The un-known voltages and currents are solved using matrix ... following example shows how to obtain and plot the frequency response of an RLC circuit. Example 6.7 For the RLC circuit shown in Figure 6.13, (a) show that the transfer function is HsVsVssRLssRLLCoi()()()==++21 ... CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “AC Analysis and Network Functions.”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. John Okyere AttiaBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 ...

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P5

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... VsR1R3R2C1C2LV1V2I1y(t)+++ - Figure 5.11 Circuit for State Analysis Using the above guidelines, we select the state variables to be VV12,, and i1. Using nodal analysis, we have © 1999 ... CRC Press LLC 5.2 RL NETWORK Consider the RL circuit shown in Figure 5.5. LRVo(t)i(t) Figure 5.5 Source-free RL Circuit Using the KVL, we get Ldi tdtRi t()()+=0 ... current response of a source-free RL circuit with initial current Im, and it represents the natural response of an RL circuit. Figure 5.6 is an RL circuit with source voltage vt VS()=....

Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P4

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... electrical circuits. Example 4.1 For the circuit shown below, find the nodal voltages VV12, and V3. 5 A 2 A50 Ohms40 Ohms10 Ohms20 OhmsVVV123 Figure 4.1 Circuit with ... VVVb=−14 (4.31) Using Ohm’s Law IVVa=−435 (4.32) Using KCL at node 1, and supernode 1-2, we get VVVVVVb114 23210580+−−+−= (4.33) Using Equation (4.31), ... voltages for the circuit shown in Figure P4.2. Solve the equations using MATLAB. 4 Ohms2 Ohms 5 Ohms3 Ohms8 Ohms 6 Ohms 3 A 4 A 6 AV2V4V5V3V1 Figure P4.2 Circuit for Exercise...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P12 pdf

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... midband equivalent circuit of the common-source amplifier. This is shown in Figure 12.24. The equivalent circuit is obtained by short-circuiting all the external capacitors and open-circuiting all ... versus Temperature 12.3 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BIASING Biasing schemes for discrete electronic circuits are not suitable for integrated circuits (IC) because of the large number of ... equivalent circuit of the common-emitter amplifier is shown in Figure 12.15. RsRBrVπrxCπµcCrceRcRLπBB'VsgmVVoπ Figure 12.15 Equivalent Circuit of CE...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P11 doc

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... Z2 = R2, Figure 11.10 becomes a voltage follower with gain. This is shown in Figure 11.11. VoVinR2R1 Figure 11.12 Voltage Follower with Gain The voltage gain is ... Figure 11.11 Non-Inverting Configuration Using nodal analysis at node A VZVVZIaaO1210+−+= (11.22) From the concept of a virtual short circuit, VVIN a= (11.23) and ... zeros of the circuit shown in Figure P11.3. Use MATLAB to plot the magnitude response. The resistance values are in kilohms. Vo101 nFVin1 nF1 Figure P11.3 An Op Amp Circuit ...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P10 ppt

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... the profile of the linearly graded junction. © 1999 CRC Press LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “Semiconductor Physics.”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. ... WAPsDNsmax==εε εε00 (10.63) Using Equation (10.47) or (10.48, Equation (10.63) becomes EqN N V VNNDAC SSADmax()()=−+20εε (10.64) For a linearly graded junction, the charge ... into a lightly doped region of opposite polarity [7]. In a linearly graded junction, the ionized doping charge density varies linearly across the depletion region. The charge density passes...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P9 docx

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... the characteristics of diodes are presented. Diode circuit analysis techniques will be discussed. Problems involving diode circuits are solved using MATLAB. 9.1 DIODE CHARACTERISTICS ... volt-age VD. VDCIDVDR+-+- Figure 9.5 Basic Diode Circuit Using Kirchoff Voltage Law, we can write the loadline equation VRIVDC D D=+ (9.10) The diode current and ... ylabel('ln(i)') title('Best fit linear model') diary The results obtained from MATLAB are Is = 9.9525e-015 n = 1.5009 Figure 9.3 shows the best fit linear model used to determine...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P8 ppt

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... MATLAB program to obtain an and bn for n = 0 , 1, , 10 by using Equations (8.5) and (8.6). (c) Resynthesis g(t) using 10 terms of the values an , bn obtained from part (b). ... block diagram of the input/output relation is shown in Figure 8.2. H(s)xn(t) yn(t) Figure 8.2 Input/Output Relationship However, with an input xt() consisting of a linear ... LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “Fourier Analysis.”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. John Okyere AttiaBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 ...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis Using MATLAB P7 pdf

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... Figure P7.6 Circuit for Problem 7.6 7.7 For the op amp circuit shown in Figure P7.7, find the y-parameters. +-V1V2I1I2R3R1R2R4R5+- Figure P7.7 Op Amp Circuit ... in-volving both passive and active circuits will be solved using MATLAB. 7.1 TWO-PORT NETWORK REPRESENTATIONS A general two-port network is shown in Figure 7.1. Lineartwo-portnetworkI2V2V1+-+-I1 ... current and voltage, respectively. It is assumed that the linear two-port circuit contains no independent sources of energy and that the circuit is initially at rest ( no stored energy). Furthermore,...

Tài liệu Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB pptx

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

... implying, plot x versus y using green color. Line and mark style may be added to color type using the command plot(x, y, ’+w’) The above statement implies plot x versus y using white + marks. ... of a Simple Circuit 4.2 Circuit with Dependent and Independent Sources 4.3 Loop Analysis of a Bridge Circuit 4.4 Power Dissipation and Source Current 4.5 Nodal Voltage Circuit with ... through Inductor of RL Circuit 5.4 Current Flowing through a Series RLC Circuit 5.5 Voltage across a Parallel RLC Circuit 5.6 State Variable Approach to RC Circuit 5.7 State...

Tài liệu Electronics Circuit Analysys Using Matlab P1 doc

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... LLC © 1999 CRC Press LLC Attia, John Okyere. “Matlab Fundamentals.”Electronics and Circuit Analysis using MATLAB.Ed. John Okyere AttiaBoca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 ... analysis and design problems that require long sequences of MATLAB commands. With script file written using a text editor or word processor, the file can be invoked by entering the name of the m-file, ... Other MATLAB functions for generating vectors are linspace and logspace. Linspace generates linearly evenly spaced vectors, while logspace generates © 1999 CRC Press LLC © 1999...