... long-term profitability, administration costsandcostsof funding The size of risk included inthe lending margin can also depend on the valuation of collateral because during the upward trend inthe ... factors may influence the choice and assessment of doubtful and non-performing loans, andthe extent oftheir provisioning Therefore, extra information is needed in predicting the size of bank loan ... decrease in lending margin The size of lending and deposit margin, and spreads between banks can serve as indicators ofthe strength of competition Narrowing difference between interest margins in...
... aB-crystallin and tubulin Interestingly, synthesis of exogenous aB-crystallin in human lens epithelial cells hinders UVA-induced activation ofthe RAF ⁄ MEK ⁄ ERK signal transduction pathway and reduces ... changes, and these are outlined below and described inthe text ofthe review In addition, changes inthe amounts of sHSPs, unaccompanied by a structural change inthe protein per se, are observed in ... identified, andtheroleof ATP-dependent chaperones in substrate release and refolding revealed sHSPs operate inthe front lines of cell defense, protecting proteins during stress and providing opportunities...
... Before the establishment ofthein vitro binding assay using receptor proteins, the ligand-binding affinity of ecdysteroids had been measured in tissues and cells [243,244] Thein vitro binding activity ... retaining the ligand-binding activity They found two high-affinity binding sites (Kd1 = 0.24 nm and Kd2 = 3.9 nm) The removal of GST had no effect on PonA binding, but altered DNA binding The ... amino-terminus of H3 and H11 The steroid skeleton makes numerous hydrophobic contacts with amino acid residues lining the inside ofthe pocket The interaction between the 20-OH group of PonA and the...
... bind other substrates [67,69] It remains to be determined if the action ofthe A-box is the result of competitive inhibition by binding to other substrates or interfering with the ability ofthe ... affinity for calcium than the C-terminal loop Members of this family differ from each other mainly inthe length and sequence oftheir hinge regions andthe C-terminal extension region after the ... two vicinal cysteines (Cys 23 and 45, based on Met1 as the initial Met inthe immature protein) can form an internal disulfide bond within the Abox The A-box andthe oxidation state of these two...
... represent the TLC fingerprint profile ofthe sample The information so generated has a potential application inthe identification of an authentic drug, in excluding the adulterants andin maintaining ... morphine and codeine, the muscle relaxant (+)-tubocurarine, the antibiotics sanguinafine and berberine, the anticancer agent vinblastine, the antiarrythmic ajmaline, the pupil dilator atropine, andthe ... intheinterestinthe group of flavonoids, andtheir benefits inthe treatment of a vast number of diseases and conditions, including pregnancy toxaemia, rheumatic fever, diabetes and cancer In...
... supplementation in both diabetic laboratory animals andin humans The above findings indicate that differences inthe cellular availability of zinc in both insulin producing b-cells andin insulin target ... in serum-free media [18] The actions of zinc are intracellular because zinc increases the phosphorylation state ofthe insulin receptor, and hence, protein phosphorylation downstream inthe insulin ... amounts present inthe pancreas and intestines It plays a major roleinthe development, organization and programmed death of brain cells • MT-IV is found inthe skin and upper G.I tract They help...
... MD performed and analyzed the experiments RJUL and FPL participated inthe design and coordination ofthe study, helped to draft the manuscript, and gave their final approval ofthe version to ... model of RA, CIA The activation pattern is dependent on the stage of disease, starting, inthe initial phase, at the synovial lining layer, gradually shifting toward the subintimal region and eventually, ... rolein different animal models of RA [23] Inthe present study, we investigated the activation of BMP signaling and expression patterns of different BMP ligands and antagonists in collagen-induced...
... the experiments and were involed in drafting the article All authors have read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Received: ... proteins in different parts of tissue samples Its major disadvantage is that it is impossible to show that the staining corresponds with the protein ofinterest as inthe case of immunoblotting ... different roles in angiogenesis: Ang-1 and Ang-4 are agonist ligands for Tie2 and induce tyrosin phosphorylation of Tie2, while Ang-2 and Ang-3 are antagonist ligands They bind to Tie2 without inducing...
... they are homologues of host genes The most obvious of these is the collection of genes that are involved in altering or maintaining photosynthetic function ofthe host The most well studied and ... enzyme inthe synthesis ofthe polyamines spermidine and spermine With polyamines implicated inthe stabilising the psbA mRNA inthe cyanobacterium Synechocystis [64], altering structure of PSII ... using bioinformatic approaches, they are compared to T4 andtheir function is deduced on the basis of known genes inthe T4 genome In order to really progress with understanding theroleof the...
... suppression of recombination ofthe masculinizing and feminizing factors by chromosomal linkage and inversion The result is the establishment of sex determining superloci that allow for segregation of ... of 14 tory program and are involved inthe sexual dimorphism rather than inthe sex determination, itself To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the function ofthe spinach B (SpPI and SpAP3) and ... simply the result of homeosis, as both the number andthe whorl location ofthe organs differ in addition to the organ identity itself Thus, in spinach, the feminizing mutation must be inthe suppression...
... concentration of 6% (reduced from the 21% O2 in room air), EGR-1 and tissue factor expression are induced inthe lung and marked vascular deposition of fibrin is observed, whereas none of these responses ... resulting inthe accumulation of HIF-1α, which dimerizes with HIF-1β The heterodimer recognizes the core binding-site sequence 5′-RCGTG-3′ (R, purine) found within the hypoxia response element of ... solid tumor formation and embryonic vascularization EMBO J 1998, 17: 3005–3015 Articles of particular interest have been highlighted as: • of special interest •• of outstanding interest Semenza GL:...
... sections) Understanding the regulation of TLR expression will provide further insight into their tissue distribution andtheirrolein combating infection There has been an initial report ofthe TLR4 ... NF-κB-inducing kinase in TLR4 signaling came from the study of TRAF6 and NF-κB-inducing kinase dominant -negative (DN) variants, which could not activate NF-κB [33] Another very interesting observation ... protein heterodimers While the precise biochemical nature ofthe 10 recognized human TLR proteins are being defined, there is great interestin discovering their organization and interactions in...
... surprising that the on-going evolution ofthe understanding ofthe non-physical aspects of pain has been applied to the areas of screening for, intervening inand predicting those at risk of developing ... cognitive theory studied the influence ofthe meaning of pain to patients, and examined the effect of coping styles on pain, for further review see Weisenberg [10] Cognitive theory examines intervening ... seen in depressive disorders One ofthe prominent researchers, Waddell, noted that one ofthe striking findings was that "fear of pain was more disabling than the pain itself" [21] As a result the...
... the funds to make the investment Another important part oftheagencycosts are monitoring and bonding costsand we now consider theirrole 4.2 TheRoleof Monitoring and Bonding CostsIn principle ... zero agency costs) , and V”, the value ofthe firm given positive monitoring costs, are the total gross agencycosts defined earlier inthe introduction These are thecostsofthe “separation of ... monitoring costsThe bondholders will have incentives to engage inthe writing of such covenants andin monitoring the actions ofthe manager to the point where the “nominal” marginal cost to them of...
... the funds to make the investment Another important part oftheagencycosts are monitoring and bonding costsand we now consider theirrole 4.2 TheRoleof Monitoring and Bonding CostsIn principle ... zero agency costs) , and V”, the value ofthe firm given positive monitoring costs, are the total gross agencycosts defined earlier inthe introduction These are thecostsofthe “separation of ... monitoring costsThe bondholders will have incentives to engage inthe writing of such covenants andin monitoring the actions ofthe manager to the point where the “nominal” marginal cost to them of...
... Honey hunting may be seen as part ofthe lives ofthe world’s remaining huntergatherers, often at the margin ofthe farming world The colonies of honeybees are nesting inthe wild and, depending on ... get the sting out The amount of swelling depends on the thickness ofthe skin For example, a sting into the thick skin on the sole ofthe foot will be painful but may not cause much swelling, ... the offspring become genetically different In that way, there is a greater chance for at least some ofthe offspring to survive inthe competition of life In this we find the bees as one of the...
... implicating its involvement in oncogenesis Taken together, most ofthe viral proteins interact and may affect the activities of host proteins inthe long-term The understanding ofthe interplay ... interaction Deletion ofthe protease domain andthe C-terminal half ofthe NS3 protein containing the RNA-binding motif reduces the strength ofthe interaction The NS3-NS3 interaction was also ... replication and transcription by unwinding the extensive RNA secondary structures inthe HCV genome for the synthesis ofthe complementary strand andthe translation of viral products The intrinsic...
... hr incubation ofthe cells with up to 100 µM of atropine or pirenzepine The absence of acute toxicity shows that the effect of atropine and 43 pirenzepine in controlling cell number is due mainly ... concentrations lower the expression of PDGF receptors and hence diminish the biological effects of PDGF TGF-β stimulates the synthesis of ECM including collagen, proteoglycan, fibronectin and integrin (Roberts ... received atropine while the other received saline injections inthe lens wearing eyes 50 µl of freshly made 1% atropine sulfate in sterile normal saline or 50µl of 0.9% sterile saline was given...
... produced dark brown stain in apoptic nuclei) B Atropine 0.1 µM C Atropine µM D Atropine 10 µM E Atropine 100 µM Fig10A Immumocytochemistry of mAchR subtypes in human SF in culture Subtype selective ... m2 negative control Fig10B Protein corresponding to mAchR subtypes m1,m2,m4, and m5 identified in mouse sclera by immunoblotting Subtype selective antibodies bound to specific protein bands in ... standard Diagram Mechanism of growth factor action and related events Diagram Interaction between muscarinic and EGF receptors in growth regulation Diagram Mechanism of G protein coupled m1 receptor...
... environmental and processing issues faced by the mining and petroleum industries, theirnegative impacts through unwanted oxidation of sulphide minerals and waste rocks, a major factor in generation of ... the surface ofthe cells and blocking the access to the substrate and other nutrients Different sulphur compounds could also inhibit the activity of SRB with the inhibitory effect increases in ... water ofthe Ekofisk inthe Norwegian sector of North Sea Sequencing of rDNA indicated the presence of Thermodesulforhabdus norvegicus inthe NS-tSRB1 culture and Archaeoglobus fulgidus inthe NS-tSRB2...