... existing ones, moving away from the replication fork on one strand and toward it onthe other strand (b) The result is two DNA double helices, each composed of one strand ofthe original DNA and one ... Oblique sections Figure 5.2 Longitudinal, Cross, and Oblique Sections Note the effect ofthe plane of section onthe two-dimensional appearance of elongated structures such as bones and blood vessels ... composed of multiple tissue types, and to the bone tissue, or osseous tissue, that makes up most ofthe mass of bones There are two forms of osseous tissue: (1) Spongy bone fills the heads ofthe long...
... Movements ofthe Scapulae and Mandible (a) Elevation ofthe scapulae; (b) depression ofthe scapulae; (c) protraction ofthe mandible; (d) retraction ofthe mandible; (e) lateral excursion ofthe mandible; ... depression onthe other The head ofthe humerus fits into the glenoid cavity ofthe scapula, andthe head ofthe femur fits into the acetabulum ofthe os coxae These are the only multiaxial joints of ... 18 Name the four bones from the tip ofthe little finger to the base ofthe hand on that side matches the one onthe sacrum Onthe anterior side ofthe pelvis is the pubic symphysis,63 the point...
... brevis and medially by the tendon ofthe extensor pollicis longus Other muscles ofthe forearm were considered earlier because they act onthe radius and ulna rather than onthe hand These are the ... by the combined action ofthe pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi The teres major assists extension ofthe shoulder andthe coracobrachialis assists flexion and adduction Tendons ofthe other ... Acting onthe Forearm The elbow and forearm are capable of four motions: flexion, extension, pronation, and supination (table 10.12) The principal flexors are onthe anterior side ofthe humerus and...
... reach the ends ofthe muscle fiber? Excitation-Contraction Coupling Excitation-contraction coupling refers to the events that link the action potentials onthe sarcolemma to activation ofthe myofilaments, ... quick cycle of contraction and relaxation called a twitch (fig 11.13) There is a delay, or latent period, of about milliseconds (msec) between the onset ofthe stimulus andthe onset ofthe twitch ... excitationcontraction coupling Action potentials spread along the sarcolemma and down the T tubules, and trigger Ca2ϩ release from the terminal cisternae ofthe SR Ca2ϩ binds to troponin ofthe thin...
... muscle but to a set of synergists and antagonists Since the contraction of a muscle on one side of a joint stretches the antagonistic muscle onthe other side, the flexion of a joint triggers ... is contraction ofthe extensors on one side ofthe body when the flexors are contracted onthe other side It shifts the body weight so that one does not fall over The Golgi tendon reflex is the ... cord The axon ofthe lower motor neuron then leads the rest ofthe way to the muscle or other target organ The names of most descending tracts consist of a word root denoting the point of origin...
... exposed to high concentrations of insulin, and cells ofthe testis down-regulate in response to high concentrations of luteinizing hormone Hormone therapy often involves long- term use of abnormally ... (like the rods) and high resolution (like the cones) The neuronal convergence responsible for the sensitivity of rod pathways reduces resolution, while the lack of convergence responsible for the ... includes convergence ofthe eyes, constriction ofthe pupil, and accommodation (thickening) ofthe lens Light falling onthe retina is absorbed by visual pigments in the outer segments ofthe rod and...
... age of 45 The antibodies ofthe ABO group begin to appear in the plasma to months after birth They reach their maximum concentrations between and 10 years of age and then slowly decline for the ... common and leads to bone and joint pain Monocyte Before You Go On Neutrophils Answer the following questions to test your understanding ofthe preceding section: 22 What is the overall function of ... activates the next one in the pathway That factor activates the next, and so on, in a sequence called a reaction cascade—a series of reactions, each of which depends onthe product ofthe preceding one...
... viscera and structures ofthe body wall (fig 20.25) Visceral Branches These supply the viscera ofthe thoracic cavity: Chapter 20 Bronchial arteries Two of these onthe left and one onthe right ... arteries Each pulmonary artery enters a medial indentation ofthe lung called the hilum and branches into one lobar artery for each lobe ofthe lung: three onthe right and two onthe left These arteries ... Explain their functions Answer the following questions to test your understanding ofthe preceding section: 19 In what conspicuous way does perfusion ofthe brain differ from perfusion ofthe skeletal...
... between the soft palate and root ofthe tongue that extends inferiorly as far as the hyoid bone It contains the palatine and lingual tonsils Its anterior border is formed by the base ofthe tongue and ... tension The bronchial tree has a substantial amount of elastic connective tissue in its walls The attachments ofthe ribs to the spine and sternum, andthe tendons ofthe diaphragm and other ... builds, and then the uvula (the conical projection ofthe posterior edge ofthe soft palate) is depressed to direct part ofthe airstream through the nose These actions are coordinated by coughing and...
... the intake of air and exchange of gases with the blood, consisting ofthe lungs andthe air passages from the nose to the bronchi Saladin: Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, ... centrioles, the axonemes of cilia and flagella, and part ofthe cytoskeleton microvillus An outgrowth ofthe plasma membrane that increases the surface area of a cell and functions in absorption and ... radius to the ulna andthe tibia to the fibula along most ofthe shaft of each bone fig 8.33 interphase That part ofthe cell cycle between one mitotic phase andthe next, from the end of cytokinesis...
... than the coefficient for both the bonus plan (p < 001) and long- term incentives (p < 0001) Because ofthe restrictions on long- term incentives, Hypothesis predicted that the effect of bonuses ... merit pay and bonus pay plan were based on individual performance, allocations for these pay plans were also in part dependent onthe decisions ofthe supervisor The distribution of long- term incentives ... pay and bonuses, we are also considering the effects of long- term incentives The first step of our analyses examines the relationship between performance and pay; the second step looks at the...
... beginning of 1933, culminating in the nationwide suspension of banks in March The 1933 crisis and suspension was the beginning ofthe end ofthe Depression, but the 1930 and 1931 crises (because they ... Reinterpretation ofthe Banking Crisis of 1930,” Journal ofEconomic History, 44, 119-38 29 Wicker, Elmus (1980) “A Reconsideration ofthe Causes ofthe Banking Panic of 1930.” Journal ofEconomic History, ... reducing the risk of failure (Mason 2001) Microeconomic Studies of Local Contagion As part of their bank-level analysis of survival duration, Calomiris and Mason (2003a) also consider whether, outside...
... shape, the friction between the chip andthe tool andthe plastic flow stress ofthe work material It also introduces observations onthe length of contact between a chip and tool andon chip ... time is not the only time involved in machining The amounts ofthe savings and losses, and hence the conditions in which they are balanced, not depend only onthe cutting tools but onthe machine ... formation, determining the flow means at least determining the thickness ofthe chip, its contact length with the tool and its curvature: none of these are fixed by the tool shape alone In fact, determining...
... derivative ofthe previous function or thegrowth rate ofthe MTS volume and c) second derivative or the acceleration ofthe MTS volume growth Page 10 of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Theoretical ... a(t) 7and rate of loss of tumor cells b(t) Functions represent the rate of generation of new tumor Figure Functions represent the rate of generation of new tumor cells a(t) and rate of loss of tumor ... than the logistic function The Gompertz function has the same number of parameters as the logistic function andthe Weibull function has the same number of parameters as the Richards function and...
... Greed: The History of Want 215 Progress, New Adam, and Sabbath Economics 231 10 The Axis of Good and Evil andthe Bibles of Economics 251 11 The History ofthe Invisible Hand ofthe Market and Homo ... just the tip ofthe iceberg of economics; that the biggest part ofthe iceberg ofeconomic knowledge consists of everything else; and that disputes in economics are rather a battle of stories and ... both consciously and unconsciously, have a long history, and their roots extend predominantly outside the range of economics, and often completely beyond that of science 16 Theterm “metaeconomics”...
... cluster A and B average For equation (1), the log ofthe number of cumulative loans is the variable of interest For equation (2), the log ofthe number of cumulative conditions is the variable of interest ... emphasized economic stabilization and correction of balance of payments distortions At the beginning ofthe 1990s more emphasis was put on protecting the poor from the adverse effects ofthe adjustment ... representing only one particular view on what constitutes sound economic policy, andthepolicy prescriptions reflected in these ratings may not necessarily lead to the desired outcomes ofgrowth and...
... to glioma C6 cell growthand proliferation, as long- term serum deprivation strongly decreases expression ofthe P2Y1 receptor, and under these conditions the concentration ofthe P2Y12 receptor ... influence the P2Y12 receptor as strongly as P2Y1 We know that the concentration ofthe P2Y2 receptor does not change during long- term serum starvation [24], andthe concentration ofthe P2Y12 ... in the concentration of p44 ⁄ p42 ERK1 ⁄ (Fig 6C) and 25-fold increase in Akt phosphorylation (Fig 6D) Within 30 ofthe addition ofthe agonist, phosphorylation had declined; in the case of p-ERK1...
... too are the ideas that underlie them One way to study these ideas is to ask how other thinkers have confronted them The Dimensions of Desire The first principle of conventional economic theory, ... table of contents National Income andthe Value of Labor Services The Meaning ofthe Adjectives 18 The Nanny State Fear of Fertility Decline The Family Wage The Fabians The Endowment of Motherhood ... Introduction The Eye ofthe Needle Liberation Damnation Patriarchal Feudalism TheGrowthof Markets Patriarchal Ideology ´ Markets and Mentalites Regulation The Springs of Desire The Commonwealth of...
... previous conclusions are tempered by the short term duration ofthe studies andthe small sample sizes used in those studies Therefore the present study aimed to investigate the effects of a longterm ... nutritional interventions In addition, we can not draw conclusions onthe long- term effectiveness ofthe intervention by means of weight maintenance as a follow-up period was not included However, the ... from LOCF analysis confirm the efficacy ofthe mo nutritional intervention in terms of successful weight loss and improvement ofthe metabolic profile in our SMI patients Conclusions This study has...
... direction andand strength – Ties: Weak/Strong based on frequency of social contact, importance of relation – Multiplexity the number of relations in a tie – Does not assume social relations – ... influence on trust formation Study 2: Social Role Theoryand Uses and Gratifications Paradigm of Trust Formation in Virtual Communities Perceived Quality Of Community Content Perceived Degree of Consumer ... improve the likelihood of a transaction? – How does the value of information moderate the effect of social structure on relationship outcomes? • Typical Methods – Surveys and simulations Typical...