... assays. However, thesame cells were efficiently killed by interferon-c. This effect was counter-acted by the STAT3 oligodeoxynucleotide, which was found to efficientlyinhibit STAT1. Thus, although ... oligodeoxy-nucleotide was added to a colon carcinoma cell line in which it induced celldeath as efficiently as the STAT3 inhibitor stattic. The hairpin STAT3oligodeoxynucleotide co-localized with ... Efficient killing of SW480 colon carcinoma cells by asignal transducer and activator of transcription...
... andK0.5= Km.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by grants from the DanishResearch council and the Novo Nordic ResearchCouncil. The skilful technical assistance of MarianneLauridsen is gratefully ... as indicated by con-cave Hofstee plots of v versus v ⁄ s (insets to the kineticplots), Hill coefficients < 1 and high K0.5values(Table 1). All of the tetrameric forms showed approxi-mately ... the molecular mass, as the standard varia-tion in Ve⁄ V0for the markers was less than 2% (coefficientof variation) from 20 separate marker elution profiles.Fractions (200 lL) were collected...
... extracellularNa+concentrations. The solid lines represent fits of the Hill equa-tion with Hill coefficients of n ¼ 1.3 for the wild type GAT1 andn ¼ 1 for the mutants (as used previously by Liu ... synthesizedproteins in the ER. If N-glycosylation is inhibited,some glycoproteins fail to fold or assemble efficiently,resulting in a prolonged retention in the ER and anincreased proteolytic breakdown ... 7.2).AcknowledgementsThis work was supported in part by the Special Fundsfor Major State Basic Research of China (GrantG1999053907), a grant from the Chinese Academy ofSciences, a grant from...
... that expands dur-ing event processing, the backtrack algorithm processes runsin a depth first search manner. That is, we process the sin-gleton run until it either fails or produces a result ... singleton run. Our basic algorithm, onthe other hand, expands the “run tree” in a breadth first search manner; it creates and evaluates all runs at once.5.3 Memory ManagementThere are a number ... window, calledthe pruning timestamp. We use the pruning timestampas a key to perform a binary search in each stack of the5Regular expression matching in network intrusion detection sys-tems...
... ribozymesthat are structurally optimized and which, in addition to cleavage, catalyse efficient RNA ligation. The most efficient variant ligated its appropriateRNA substrate with a single turnover rate ... substrateand the ribozyme seems to be most favourable foran efficient reaction among the studied species.HP–RJWTA7 is also an efficient endonuclease; itcleaves the substrate S40F3F5 with kobs¼ ... stability of the pro-perly folded substrate–ribozyme complex. Strikingly,the hairpin ribozyme is an efficient ligase if the ribo-zyme substrate complex is folded into a stable secon-dary and tertiary...
... aprediction of a running sum being positive or negative.States are numerically labeled to reflect the similarity toa small bit integer data type, one that never overflows.transitions. Assuming a fixed ... June.Shane Bergsma and Benjamin Van Durme. 2011. Learn-ing Bilingual Lexicons using the Visual Similarity ofLabeled Web Images. In Proc. of the InternationalJoint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ... Linguistics (ACL).Thorsten Brants and Alex Franz. 2006. Web 1T 5-gramversion 1.Moses Charikar. 2002. Similarity estimation techniquesfrom rounding algorithms. In Proceedings of STOC.Michel X. Goemans...
... 2003. Shallow parsing with conditionalrandom fields. In Proc. of HLT-NAACL.A. Stolcke. 1995. An efficient probabilistic context-free pars-ing algorithm that computes prefix probabilities. Computa-tional ... 752–759,Prague, Czech Republic, June 2007.c2007 Association for Computational LinguisticsComputationally Efficient M-Estimation of Log-Linear Structure Models∗Noah A. Smith and Douglas L. Vail and John ... (and decoding underthem) is tractable only when the model’s indepen-dence assumptions permit efficient inference proce-dures. For example, in the original conditional ran-dom fields (Lafferty...
... concentrations were determined spectropho-tometrically by absorbance at 280 nm, using an extinctioncoefficient of 0.98 for a 1 mgÆmL)1solution [35]. Coenzymeconcentrations were also determined spectrophotometricallyusing ... spectrophotome-ter) due to the production of NAD(P)H at 340 nm, using amillimolar extinction coefficient of 6.22 mM)1Æcm)1. All ratemeasurements were performed in triplicate and the resultsshown ... inhibition of glutamatedehydrogenase results from disruption of subunitinteractions necessary for efficient catalysisJaclyn Bailey1, Lakeila Powell2, Leander Sinanan3, Jacob Neal3, Ming...
... achieving efficient and targetedsiRNA delivery in vivo.AcknowledgementThis work was supported by NSF CAREER Award(DMR-0956091) and a Council on Research Comput-ing and Libraries Research Grant ... efficiencyvia efficient cytosolic release with high resistance toserum and low cytotoxicity [129]. It was demonstratedthat ketalized linear polyethylenimine ⁄ siRNA poly-plexes were efficiently ... silencingbecause they were entrapped in the endosomes evenafter efficiently entering cells [117]. Photostimulatingfluorescently labeled TAT efficiently released TAT–siRNA conjugates from the endosome,...
... heuristics such as forward maxi-mum match (Sproat et al., 1996). Exact search ispossible with a Viterbi-style algorithm, but beam- search decoding is more popular as used in (Zhangand Clark, 2007) ... a beam (=5) search. on the development set, we set beam-width of ourbaseline model as 5. Our baseline model, whichuses Ratnaparkhi (1996)’s feature set and conductsa beam (=5) search in the ... deterministic constraints first be-fore a probabilistic search, i.e. for some words, thenumber of possible tags is reduced to 1, the search space is reduced to Tm, where m is the number of(unconstrained)...
... Linguistics,24(4):613–632.Tadao Kasami. 1965. An Efficient Recognition andSyntax-analysis Algorithm for Context-free Lan-guages. Technical Report AFCRL-65-758, AirForce Cambridge Research Lab.Terry Koo, Amir Globerson, ... ex-pressive third-order factorizations while retainingan efficient O(n4) runtime. In fact, our third-order parsing algorithms are “optimally” efficient in an asymptotic sense. Since each third-order ... has proven to be a very use-ful syntactic formalism, due in no small part to thedevelopment of efficient parsing algorithms (Eis-ner, 2000; McDonald et al., 2005b; McDonaldand Pereira, 2006;...
... staggereddecoding efficiently performs the search step. Forthis purpose, we can basically use the Viterbi algo-rithm. In earlier iterations, the Viterbi algorithm isindeed efficient because the ... this idea to other NLP tasks is stillunclear.Approximate algorithms, such as beam search or island-driven search, have been proposed forspeeding up decoding. Tsuruoka and Tsujii (2005)proposed ... calculated in the search step. This can be done by retaining thebest path among those consisting of only activelabels. The score of that path is obviously thelower bound. Since the search step is...
... hence efficient ac-cessing of the N-gram frequencies becomes an is-sue. Trivial methods such as linear or binary search over the entire dataset in order to access a singleN-gram prove inefficient, ... given to be in order of a fewseconds. Other tools that implement a binary search algorithm as a simpler, yet less efficient method arealso given in (Giuliano et al., 2007; Yuret, 2007).3 The ... balanced search tree where eachnode has several children. Indexing large files us-ing B+trees is a popular technique implementedby most database systems today as the underlyingstructure for efficient...
... pieces of information. Firstly, eachword is annotated with a distributional similarity tag,from a distributional similarity model (Clark, 2000)trained on 100 million words from the British ... tenfold.3 Stochastic Optimization MethodsStochastic optimization methods have proven to beextremely efficient for the training of models involv-ing computationally expensive objective functionslike ... sev-eral passes through the data in order to satisfy suffi-cient descent conditions placed on line searches. Inour experiments SGD converged to a lower objectivefunction value than L-BFGS, however...
... RNA after the 5¢-NHH-3¢sequence, where N is A, U, C or G and H is A, U or C[32], with the most efficient cleavage of the substratepossessing the triplet GUC or CUC [23]. The messengerRNA of ... interference(RNAi) phenomena [36,37]. The power of RNAi isremarkable, because it can serve as a very efficient sequence-specific tool for gene silencing. RNAi is a valuabletherapeutic tool for drug ... designed for endogenous generation of siRNA [40–44].As our tRNA-driven ribozyme transcripts are efficientlyexported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they meettheir target mRNA, this expression...