... understanding ofthe structural and biochemical basis ofthe effects of these toxins on vari-ous host signaling pathways have provided interesting and sometimes surprising insights into the molecular mechanisms ... is the detection ofthe modification, whichinvolves the detection of a molecularmass change of 1 Da in a relatively large protein substrate (20–45 kDa).Another challenge is the development of ... toxins.Although the precise localization ofthe domainsresponsible for receptor binding and translocationactivity remains unclear, these domains are locatedin the N-terminus of each of these toxins and...
... hold the b-sandwich in position. With the exception of four a-helices and t wo pairs of short b-strands, the rest ofthe protein consists almost entirely of loopsconnecting the b-strands. The ... concave surfaces. The convex and concave sheets o f the b-sandwich are composed of sevenb-strands. Many ofthe side-chains in the b-sheets arehydrophobic, and interactions between these residuesappear ... is the predominant product of hydrolysis and increases inconcentration as the reaction proceeds [21]. The exo-loop of 1CEL (amino acids 243–256) forms the roof ofthe active sitetunnel at the...
... capable of giving strength to the weary, vivacity to the stupid, and wisdomto men void of understanding; capable of soothing the sorrows ofthe afflicted, of healing the wounds of the spirit, and ... healthycondition ofthe vessels belonging to the membranes ofthe socket, with the condition of which, the state of the tooth is closely connected."]Having gone through with an examination ofthe physical ... towards them.Hence the Methodists interdicted the common use of tobacco with that of ardent spirit, in the infancy of theirsociety; thereby evincing a just sense ofthe self-denial, decency, and...
... migrating bands of three LPS(without R14) and fast migrating bands of P. mirabilisG1, O 28, and R14 LPS (Fig. 5A). These bands correspondto high- and low -molecular -mass LPS species consisting of the ... migrating bands of allLPS tested and slow migrating bands of P. mirabilis S1959,G1, and O28 LPS, the banding patterns being clearlydifferent (Fig. 5B). These findings together showed that the epitope ... O-polysaccharide p art of LPS. The serological relatedness of P. mirabilis G1 and S 1959correlated with the similarity ofthe chemical structures of their O-polysaccharides (Fig. 3). Therefore, it is...
... RPAP. The size o f the interaction surface between the peptide andthe non binding bottom ofthe Fab is 173 A˚2which c orresponds to about 36% ofthe interaction of the full peptide with the ... MUC-1; binding epitope. The extracellular part ofthe epithelial glycoprotein MUC-1consists of tandem repeats of 20 amino acids(PDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSA, where the start of the tandem repeat peptide ... ecrystalcellthathaveadistanceof4A˚or less to the ligand. The C-terminal part ofthe pe ptide (RPAP) has clo se contacts to the n ext protein in the crystal cell and is therefore stabilized on the surface o...
... mutagenesis of CL1 and CL2 site residues of tACE and ACE2 The residues surrounding the chloride ion at the CL1 and CL2 sites of tACE and ACE2 are shown in Fig. 1.In tACE, the residues that coordinate the ... that in the absence of NaCl and 3.2-fold less than that at 100 mm NaCl.Effects of CL1 and CL2 site mutations on the chloride sensitivity of tACE and ACE2In order to observe the effects ofthe ... [23]. The CL2 chloride site isabsent in ACE2 as a result of substitution ofthe tACEresidues Pro407 and Pro519 with Glu398 and Ser511, and the resulting projection of their side-chains intothe...
... includingO-polysaccharides of Proteus [16].Studies ofthe O-polysaccharides of Proteus genomo-species 5 and 6 andthe comparison ofthe correspond-ing13C NMR spectra indicated that they are identicalto those of ... consistent with the western blot data showing the absence of any common epitope on the O-polysac-charides (Fig. 4B).Based on the results of serological studies and the uniqueness ofthe O-polysaccharide ... analysis ofthe acetylated methyl glycosidesshowed the presence of GalA. GLC analyses of the acetylated (S)-2-(+)-butyl glycosides demonstrated the d configuration of Glc, GlcN, GalN, and GalA. The...
... conformation and hydrogen bondingnetwork ofthe pterin cofactor in the three structures.Superpositions ofthe binary and ternary complexes of hPAH onto the crystal structure ofthe ligand-free ... that of the ligand-free rPAH containing the regulatory and catalytic domains [19] the catecholamine main-chain is alsoFig. 4. Stereo view ofthe site of interactionbetween the pterin cofactors and ... required for the cofactor inhibition of phosphorylation (data not shown). The molecular basis for the negative modulatoryeffects ofthe pterin cofactor and dopamine bindingto wt-hPAH and their reversal...
... sequencing ofthe entire insert wascarried out and was in complete agreement with the expected sequences. The theoretical masses ofthe productsTyrAAT1 and TyrAAT2 were determined to be 68.5 kDa and ... than for their arogenate substrate. Thisstrong feedback inhibition arises from the necessity of the plant cell, to regulate the flux of arogenate between the synthesis of tyrosine and that of phenylalanine. ... for understanding the partition of the carbon flux between the different end products. The present study is the first to report the purification and detailed kinetic characterization of A. thaliana...
... are the cartesian coordinates of the position ofthe receiver on the ground and (0, 0) the position ofthe emitter, also on the ground, of the probe signal. The present study is restricted to the ... the MNI ofthe RM is chosento be the same as the MNI ofthe SM. In this case, when the values of all the parameters ofthe setP are strictly equal to their counterparts in the set p andthe values ... C=D/T, and that ofthe related problem ofthe retrieval ofthe position ofthe sourcefrom T is D=CT. The type of questions we address in the present investigation, in which the liquid is a solid...
... organization ofthe Cc RNase gene and its derivedmRNA isoforms. The rectangles represent the exons andthe horizon-tal bold lines the introns. The black parts ofthe rectangles show the protein-coding ... (AAUAAA). The first signal (AAUAUA) islocated just 19 bp upstream ofthe poly(A) tail of the shorter transcript andthe second one is located 46 bpupstream ofthe poly(A) tail ofthe alternativetranscript. ... (SpuUn_WGA56223_2:75333–76952) and Nematostella vectensis (NW_001834409:c1450413–1449631). The numbers above the boxes indicate the size ofthe exons, and those below the lines indicate the size ofthe introns....
... cycles of PCR, sufficient expres-sion ofthe SsHCE1 and SsHCE2 genes wasdetected, andthe band intensity of SsHCE2 tran-scripts was about half that of SsHCE1. For the wSsLCE gene, the 33 cycles of ... was found in the ovarian fluidcarrying the embryos immediately before the hatching stage. Two kinds of HCE were partially purified from the fluid, andthe relative molecular masses of them matched ... fertilize theireggs from the beginning to the middle of April in the sys-tem, the developing embryos were ordinarily collected bycanulation into the ovary from the end of April to the mid-dle of...