a survey of theory and evidence

WORKING PAPER SERIES NO 898 / MAY 2008: CENTRAL BANK COMMUNICATION AND MONETARY POLICY A SURVEY OF THEORY AND EVIDENCE doc

... recent past, the understanding of central bank transparency and communication has changed dramatically As it became increasingly clear that managing expectations is a central part of monetary policy, ... communications In fact, the Fed is more of a laggard than a leader in this regard The Reserve Bank of New Zealand and the Bank of England were early and enthusiastic converts to greater transparency, ... De Haan, Jakob, Fabian Amtenbrink, and Sandra Waller 2004 “The Transparency and Credibility of the European Central Bank.” Journal of Common Market Studies, 42(4): 775-94 Demiralp, Selma, and...

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CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE: AN UPDATE OF THEORY AND EVIDENCE pptx

Danh mục: Ngân hàng - Tín dụng

... economic analyses: a reappraisal Bank of Japan Monetary and Economic Studies, 14, 79 ±99 Givazzi, F and Pagano, M (1988) The advantage of tying one's hands Ð EMS discipline and central bank credibility ... Walsh, 1997) As already pointed out by Giavazzi and Pagano (1988), fixed exchange rates may alleviate the credibility problem of monetary policy Although Giavazzi and Pagano not analyse this issue ... the political science literature Franzese (199 9a) , Hall and Franzese (1998), and Franzese and Hall (1999) argue that the centralisation (or, equivalently, coordination) of wage bargaining influences...

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Testing Costs and Testing Capacity According to the REACH Requirements – Results of a Survey of Independent and Corporate GLP Laboratories in the EU and Switzerland potx

Danh mục: Quản trị kinh doanh

... testing capacity in appendix The ratio of the maximum capacity to the average capacity available is about 2.5 Again, this indicates that the average capacity is a good indicator for the available testing ... large lab) The size of the small labs might be related to comparative advantage E.g the price advantages of the small labs might be due to advantages of specialization Small labs generally offer ... test packages based on 282 substances p .a EU capacity (excl an EU capacity and import share of 53%) Switzerland 77 98 11 14 1 Table 4: Estimation of the annual overall testing capacity according...

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Báo cáo y học: "A survey of accessibility and utilisation of chiropractic services for wheelchair-users in the United Kingdom: What are the issues" pps

Danh mục: Báo cáo khoa học

... complaints of chronic pain and depression [6] The majority of patients with physical disabilities appear to utilise CAM therapies that are manual rather than herbal in nature This may be related ... management of myofascial trigger points and myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review of the literature J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2009, 32:14-24 McKay and Langworthy Chiropractic & Manual Therapies ... et al [17] concluded that people with disabilities were generally satisfied with conventional care and any dissatisfaction was largely related to quality of care in terms of physical access and...

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báo cáo khoa học: " Community capacity to acquire, assess, adapt, and apply research evidence: a survey of Ontario’s HIV/AIDS sector" pot

Danh mục: Báo cáo khoa học

... research is reliable and of high quality? Staff have critical appraisal skills for evaluating the quality of research (24%) (24%) Staff have critical appraisal skills for evaluating the reliability ... MGW, and JB each receive a salary from the Ontario HIV Treatment Network JNL receives salary support as Canadian Research Chair of Knowledge Transfer and Exchange We would also like to thank Tarik ... with HIV/AIDS Overall, we found organizational capacity to acquire, assess, adapt, and apply research evidence to be low, with a couple of notable exceptions where the majority of organizations...

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Tài liệu Essentials of Economics a brief survey of principles and policies pdf

Danh mục: Cao đẳng - Đại học

... International Trade A quotation from Karl Marx Caravans and trading posts The world market Marts, trades halls and exchanges, fairs and expositions Commodity exchanges, warrants, and transactions at long ... the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) In England David Ricardo and, to a certain extent, both James Mill and his son John, in France Jean-Baptiste Say and Frédéric Bastiat, and ... establish a quantitative relation of values according to the value in use of the automobile and of the needle All that is possible is a qualitative estimation of a general character, because an...

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American Negro Slavery A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime docx

Danh mục: Khoa học xã hội

... soldiers; and each with its outlying factories had a staff of perhaps a dozen factors, as many sub-factors, twice as many assistants, and a few bookkeepers and auditors, as well as a corps of white artisans ... and reasonable A ship captain after paying for a license and buying the king's private stock of slaves at somewhat above the market price would have the news of his arrival spread afar, and at ... artisans and an abundance of native interpreters, boatmen, carriers and domestic servants The Dutch and English stations alternated in a series east and west, often standing no further than a cannon-shot...

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REVUE DE THEORIE LIMAGE ET DU SON A JOURNAL OF THEORY ON IMAGE AND SOUND: CINEMA AND COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY pptx

Danh mục: Sân khấu điện ảnh

...

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Health Expenditures and the Elderly: A Survey of Issues in Forecasting, Methods Used, and Relevance for Developing Countries doc

Danh mục: Sức khỏe người cao tuổi

... somewhat mitigated (Ogawa and Retherford 1997; da Vanza and Chan 1994) Economic growth is typically also accompanied by urbanization and the migration of young workers to urban areas In Japan this ... reliable, comparable and comprehensive measures of population health and comparative assessments of the burden of diseases, injuries and risk factors; and to investigate the costs, efficacy and ... (Ainsworth and Dayton 2001; Barnett and Blaikie 1992; Vanlandingham et al 2000, WHO (World Health Organization) 2001) In a study of Tanzania, Ainsworth and Dayton (2001) found a short-term impact on...

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Andreas Gramzow Rural development as provision of local public goods: Theory and evidence from Poland pdf

Danh mục: Tiếp thị - Bán hàng

... humans or are already under agricultural cultivation Figure 2-1: Classification of the term landscape Landscape Cultural landscape Industrial landscape Cityscape Natural landscape Agricultural ... differentiation of landscapes between both cultural and natural landscape Cultural landscapes are further subdivided into industrial landscapes, cityscapes and agricultural landscapes Particularly in ... rural areas, the greatest share of cultural landscapes is constituted by agricultural landscapes, whereas pure natural landscapes, unaffected by humans, can hardly be found Also, woods and wealds...

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Báo cáo khoa học: "METONYMY: REASSESSMENT, SURVEY OF ACCEPTABILITY, AND ITS TREATMENT IN A MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEM S" ppt

Danh mục: Báo cáo khoa học

... interpretation and associative processes in natural language In Exxon has raised its price again Washington is insensitive to the needs of the people Language and Artificial Intelligence, Makoto Nagao ... details, Kamei and Wakao 1992) Based on both intuitive analyses and the result of the survey, we have esta, blished four major patterns, and several sub-groups for the first pattern (Locating) as ... of this kind of survey An analysis based on actual data allows us to establish a clear set of patterns and sub-groups, for example to decide whether we require either Producer-For-Product (Lakoff...

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A survey of technology thinkers and stakeholders shows they believe the internet will continue to spread in a “flattening” and improving world. There are many, though, who think major problems will accompany technology advances by 2020 doc

Danh mục: Quản trị mạng

... of mountains in Afghanistan and the behavior of entrepreneurs in Africa.” Adrian Schofield, head of research for ForgeAhead, an information and communications consulting firm, and a leader with ... through example and generalization MEMS, agents and bots are the reality today In the near future, as computing and data storage become more advanced and nanotechnology and artificial intelligence ... projects and databases online Broadband allows the use of richly detailed audio and video files on such sites – allowing depth of detail in pronunciation and in facial and other physical movements associated...

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a survey of recommender systems techniques, challenges and evaluation metrics

Danh mục: Marketing

... knowledge about how a particular item satisfies a particular user need, and can therefore reason about the relationship between a need and possible recommendation [12] The user profile can be any knowledge ... Data Sparsity, Cold Start Problem, Fraud, Scalability, Gray sheep, Shilling attack and synonymy [6-7, 9, 15] Data Sparsity: In practice, many commercial recommender systems are used to evaluate ... [5] There are many ways to calculate the similarity between items Some of the most popular algorithms are cosine based similarity, correlation based similarity and adjusted-cosine similarity The...

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a survey of recommender systems techniques, challenges and evaluation metrics copy

Danh mục: Marketing

... knowledge about how a particular item satisfies a particular user need, and can therefore reason about the relationship between a need and possible recommendation [12] The user profile can be any knowledge ... Data Sparsity, Cold Start Problem, Fraud, Scalability, Gray sheep, Shilling attack and synonymy [6-7, 9, 15] Data Sparsity: In practice, many commercial recommender systems are used to evaluate ... [5] There are many ways to calculate the similarity between items Some of the most popular algorithms are cosine based similarity, correlation based similarity and adjusted-cosine similarity The...

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timoshenko w. ukraine and russia. a survey of their economic relations. washington, 1919

Danh mục: Tổng hợp

...

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báo cáo sinh học:" Managerial competencies of hospital managers in South Africa: a survey of managers in the public and private sectors" docx

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử

... delivery of health care, financial management, organizational management, and legal and ethical considerations [7] In a survey of American medical directors, competencies related specifically to health ... design and delivery of appropriate and relevant programs aimed at enhancing management and leadership capacity in the health sector in South Africa Methods Data for this study come from a survey of ... that variable This allows one to treat the data as interval data measuring a latent variable, to which parametric statistical tests can be applied Reliability of scales was estimated by assessing...

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báo cáo sinh học:" The role of nurses and midwives in polio eradication and measles control activities: a survey in Sudan and Zambia" pdf

Danh mục: Điện - Điện tử

... proposal, discussions, data analysis and review of the article SH, ETAES and HM were involved in data collection, discussion and review of article All authors have read and approved the final manuscript ... proposal, designed the questionnaires and initiated and participated in discussions, data analysis and writing of the article LB participated in the conceptualization of the project, design of the ... polio and measles) and (2) all nurses and midwives working on immunization/ child health activities at health facilities in the participating district Participation in the survey was voluntary and...

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Báo cáo hóa học: " A survey of classical methods and new trends in pansharpening of multispectral images" docx

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... μPAN ) σb + μb , (1) σPAN where μPAN and μb are the mean of the PAN and MS image band b, respectively, and s PAN and s b are the standard deviation of the PAN and MS image band b, respectively This ... Haydn et al.[30] to merge Landsat MSS with Return Beam Vidicon (RBV) data and Landsat MSS with Heat Capacity Mapping Mission data In 1988, Chavez et al.[31] used SPOT panchromatic data to “sharpen” ... SDM and CBD models, is calculated on bandpass details instead of approximations RWM models the MS details as a space and spectral-varying linear combination of the PAN image coefficients Another...

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Báo cáo hóa học: "A survey of American neurologists about brain death: understanding of the conceptual basis and diagnostic tests for brain death" pdf

Danh mục: Hóa học - Dầu khí

... A survey of American neurologists about brain death: understanding the conceptual basis and diagnostic tests for brain death Ari R Joffe*1,2, Natalie R Anton1, Jonathan P Duff1 and Allan deCaen1 ... ari.joffe@albertahealthservices.ca NRA: Natalie.anton@albertahealthservices.ca JPD: Jon.duff@albertahealthservices.ca AdC: allan.decaen@albertahealthservices.ca Abstract Background: Neurologists often ... is because it is a standard: an accepted medical standard (46, 24%; 18–30%), an accepted legal standard (24, 13%; 8–18%), and/ or “the diagnosis of brain death was taught to me during my training”...

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Báo cáo y học: " Etiological explanation, treatability and preventability of childhood autism: a survey of Nigerian healthcare workers'''' opinion" potx

Danh mục: Báo cáo khoa học

... treatability of childhood autism and sociodemographic variables of the healthcare workers Sociodemographic variables Level of association (p value) Age groups (years) Gender Marital status Area ... communication and language development and contains one question Domain assesses areas of obsessive and compulsive patterns of behavior found in children with ASD and contains four questions Domain addresses ... treatability and preventability of childhood autism A significant association was found between the opinions of healthcare workers on explanation of the etiology and treatability of childhood autism,...

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