Tài liệu How to Think Like a Computer Scientist pptx

... charAt takes an index andreturns the character at that index. indexOf takes a character and finds theindex where that character appears.charAt fails if the index is out of range, and causes an ... in a program are called thestate. Diagrams like this that show the state of the program are called statediagrams. As the program runs, the state changes, so you should think of a state diagram ... them.8.2 PackagesThe built-in Java classes are divided into a number of packages, includingjava.lang, which contains almost all of the classes we have seen so far, andjava.awt, which contains classes...

... powerful features of a programming language is the ability to manipulate variables. A variable is a named lo c ation that stores a value.Just as there are different types of values (integer, character, ... is straightforward:• When you declare a variable, you create a named storage location.14 CHAPTER 2. VARIABLES AND TYPES• When you make an assignment to a variable, you give it a value. A common ... variable named fred that has type char.char fred;This kind of statement is called a declaration.The type of a variable determines what kind of values it can store. A charvariable can contain...

... debugging and other programming prac-tices.1.4. Formal and natural languages 51.4 Formal and natural languagesNatural languages are the languages people speak, such as English, Spanish, and French.They ... language: A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy forhumans to read and write.low-level language: A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to ... mathematical ideas or computer programs; all program-ming languages are formal languages.token: One of the basic elements of the syntactic structure of a program, analogous to a word in a natural...

... inwhich Python handles variables. In C++ a variable is a name for a place thatholds a thing. Variables have to be declared with types at least in part becausethe size of the place to which they ... each other (by using local variables, forexample).generalize: To replace something unnecessarily specific (like a constant value)with something appropriately general (like a variable or parameter). ... loop.loop variable: A variable used as part of the terminating condition of a loop.tab: A special character that causes the cursor to move to the next tab stop onthe current line.newline: A special...