... “art theorists… define the criterion ofwhatthe [aesthetic] experience is expected to be; scientists… provide a test of whether this criterion is fulfilled.”2 Or consider the case of neuroaesthetics ... neuroaesthetics This new branch of empirical aesthetics is often defined as the study ofthe neural processes underlying aesthetic experience In other words, the job of neuroaestheticians is to discover ... in his article (this issue), the scientific study of aesthetics can be traced back to the beginning of experimental psychology andthe work of Gustav Theodor Fechner in the second half of the...
... in the chart equal to the product ofthe inside probability ofthe item and its prior probability Any item with a score less than 10 −5 times of that ofthe best item is pruned from the chart What ... seen, there may be several distinct derivations that generate the same parse tree The probability of a parse tree T is thus the sum ofthe probabilities of its distinct derivations Let tid be the ... the ATIS portion in the Penn Treebank (Marcus et al 1993), it is extremely time consuming This is mainly because the number of random derivations that should be sampled to reliably estimate the...
... should be used throughout, the level and type of empirical analysis, andthe target readership ofthe book Our final goal is a compromise that seeks to translate the academic content of this book ... nature of this study and how individual cases might diverge from the overall patterns this analysis reveals The models and theories in this book are intended to raise important issues, synthesize ... numerous academic theories, and provide some ofthe first empirical evidence on a range of questions surrounding development assistance andthe environment The compilation and analysis ofthe PLAID database...
... gift ofthe GC/MS portion ofthe instrumentation to The University of Montana-Missoula Chris Wrobel engineered the TD/GC/MS facility at the University of Montana Michelle and Bryon Taylor, Matthew ... secreted by the mandibular glands ofthe hive worker population [26–50] Many of these compounds are released as alarm and hive defense signals Constituents ofthe Koschevnikov gland, also used for ... & Francis 38 G.C Smith et al 53 Butler, C.G and Calam, D.H (1968) Pheromones ofthe honey bee – the secretion ofthe Nasanoff gland ofthe worker J Insect Physiol 15, 237–244 54 Boch, R and Morse,...
... medium-, and low-risk products Each stage ofthe procedure leads to either an assessment ofthe risk (and therefore classification in one ofthe risk categories previously mentioned) or to further ... assess the potential risks ofthe plant protection product on the survival and behavior of bees They are requested when the risk is considered as high (QHO and QHC Ͼ 50, or in the case of significant ... to the reliability ofthe tests requested and their feasibility The assessment ofthe effects of plant protection products is based on the calculation ofthe Hazard Quotient, which in turn is...
... acquisition phase ofthe CPE assay Statistical comparisons of treated and untreated groups at the maximum value ofthe CR during the acquisition phase reveal sublethal effects of chemicals on the memorization ... influence components ofthe learning process such as the acquisition and/ or the recall ofthe learned response In an ecological context this type of exposure corresponds to the case of bees newly involved ... which can be the target of neurotoxic compounds in particular The deleterious impactof pesticide spraying on the foraging activity and on the behavior of bees on the crop and around the hive, as...
... the bark ofthe youngest branches andthe needles of fir and spruce trees in search of food Honeydew isthe secretion of these insects The results of electrical conductivity measurements and pollen ... of cesium pollution [22, 23] Honey bees and their products have been used as indicators and monitors of a variety ofenvironmental pollution because of their ability to reflect the immediate environmental ... by-product ofthe atmospheric testing of thermonuclear weapons during the period extending from the 1950s to the 1970s It was distributed globally within the stratosphere and deposited as wet fallout and/ or...
... parts ofthe information Conversely, with HCA, all the information ofthe data matrix is displayed through two dendrograms: one for the variables and another for the objects Therefore, the comparison ... analysis of French acacia honey 251 Analytical method Prior to the preparation and chemical analysis ofthe honeys, the samples were coded and randomized to avoid identification of their location and ... Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 211–233 Colombo, A.G and Premazzi, G (1990) Workshop on Indicators and Indices for EnvironmentalImpact Assessment and Risk Analysis Luxembourg, Of ce...
... 13.1 The aim of this chapter is to summarize major studies carried out to date, and to discuss the potential problems posed by theuseof this new technology The reader is also referred to other ... [23] The most studied are the Bowman–Birk, the Kunitz, andthe potato PI; fewer plant cysteine PIs have been characterized and cloned to date The mode of action of serine and cysteine PIs at the ... response ofthe insect to the presence of these inhibitors will be essential This could be achieved by co-expressing PIs of different types and/ or improving the affinity of introduced PIs for the target...
... conclusion, there are two possibilities to avoid risk for honey bees: the nonexpression ofthe toxin in the tissues bees feed on, or the innocuousness ofthe toxin for bees The risk assessment ofthe ... from the top ofthe flower visited on the plant), or the type of behavior (exploration ofthe flower, foraging for nectar, scratching of stamina, pollen pellet gathering, cleaning, etc.) The mean ... correlated with the amount and sugar composition ofthe nectar, and with the residues of herbicide or the amount of pat protein potentially detected in the nectar and pollen These analyses are...
... pathogenesis and pathogen time-courses The number of components [7,36] that can be modeled is smaller than in discrete models because ofthe increase in the number of parameters The state ofthe variables ... characteristics ofthe host-pathogen interactions and give useful insight into the pathogenesis ofthe infections Among the models which aim to describe most ofthe immune components important in the ... 1), the deterministic (noise-free) framework is most frequently used at the cellular level As the number of components included in a model increases, so does the number of parameters, and the...
... is a city or region, rather than a country) To make this conversion, you will need the age distribution of deaths to estimate YLL, andthe age distribution of onset of disease, duration of disease ... closer to the higher ratio of 0.65 reported in the USA and elsewhere Thus, this ratio is used in a sensitivity analysis ofthe estimated effects Mortality data from the Thailand Ministry of Health ... examine whether there is a threshold The second method is direct and uses statistical tests that carefully model the shape ofthe concentration response function Both approaches indicate there is no...
... articles and book chapters in these areas She is a fellow ofthe American Association for the Advancement of Science, and past president and fellow ofthe Society for Risk Analysis Her advisory ... capita and CO2 emissions per unit of GDP With emissions of 145 metric tons of CO2 per $1 million of GDP, the city has the second lowest levels in the Index andis well below the Index average of ... support for theuseof public transport, and all but one encourage the public to use green means of getting around, as well as providing green public transport vehicles The presence of most of these...
... strongest positive impacts of microfinance (Bateman 2010) Synthesise what these studies tell us about: a Theimpactof microfinance on the incomes ofthe poor b Theimpactof microfinance on wider ... this study therefore retains its status as a high quality evaluation This decision is discussed further in section 5.4 what istheimpactof microfinance on poor people? sy n thesis Synthesis ... (2004) whatistheimpactof microfinance on poor people? sy n thesis 4.2 Synthesis of evidence of effectiveness Below, we first summarise the directions of effect (i.e positive and negative impacts)...
... creation of a valid, useful knowledge and evidence base for quality and safety This will require improved conceptions ofthe nature of quality and safety issues, an understanding ofthe mechanisms ... these teams are established, the barriers and facilitators to establishing and implementing teams and team initiatives, as well as the strength ofthe evidence about theimpactof team initiatives ... description of how quality and safety teams were established, implemented and/ or theimpactof teams and their initiatives on provider, patient, and/ or system outcomes; or description about barriers and/ or...
... is to recognize the dose distribution as the root of this bias, and validate the ability to accurately calculate the dose distribution under different polychromatic conditions Validation ofthe ... eliminated, and UV systems would be designed and operated safely based on their actual measured performance When the challenge organism is not the same as the target organism and does not have the same ... terms of log reductions of microbes of given UV-resistance eliminates the issue of a dose distribution Typically regulatory targets for drinking water and reuse water are expressed in terms of log...
... domain name," the old man said "While the words don't make sense, they have a nice ring to them They roll off the tongue and flow with the blog." "I see Andwhat about this one? This one is long, ... at these blogs, and tell me what you see." "Well, this one uses a free theme You probably get what you pay for, and there are probably many other blogs that look just like it Is this a bad theme?" ... at these blogs, and tell me what you see." "Well, this one only uses Akismet to filter out comment spam, and no other plugins at all That doesn't seem very sophisticated Is this a bad use of...
... Services (AMS) This is yet another approach businesses should use when assessing cloud value AMS isthe paradigm where a predefined level of demand is managed internally andthe remainder augmented ... with cloud services The apothegm is ‘Own the base and rent the peak’ Conclusion The customer’s overall cloud health starts with an assessment of value The assessment of value of cloud services ... a comparison against other cloud providers The comparison of cost between traditional IT investment and cloud services must be avoided Such a comparison is not even apples-to-oranges rather fruits-to-vegies...