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Carbondioxide(CO
2
)isabsorbedbyland and vegetation through theprocessofphotosynthesis.The
netemissionsarenegative(sequestration) and substantial,offsettingapproximately884MMTCO
2
E,or
approximately13%oftotalemissionsin2006.
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Thecarbonsequestration and storageprovidedby
landcanbepreservedthoughsustainablelandmanagementpractices, and canbeenhancedby
restorationofland,suchasreforestationofcontaminatedland.
Theemissionsestimatefortheland‐basedcarbonsinkisgivenbytheInventory.Specifically,Chapter7,
LandUse,Land‐UseChange, and Forestry,providesanassessmentofthenetGHGfluxresultingfrom
theuses and changesinlandtypes and forestsintheU.S.,includingnetemissionsfromforestland
remainingforestland,croplandremainingcropland,landconvertedtocropland,grasslandremaining
grassland,landconvertedtograssland,settlementsremainingsettlements,landfillyardtrimmings, and
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REDUCINGORAVOIDINGGHGEMISSIONS THROUGH LANDMANAGEMENTPRACTICES
Landmanagementdescribeshowwemanage and uselandtoprovideopenspace and habitat,food,
naturalresources, and placesforpeopletolive,work, and recreate.EPApromotesintegratedland
managementstrategiesthatuselandasproductively and sustainablyaspossiblebypromotingsmart
growth,preventing and minimizingtheoccurrenceofcontamination and bycleaningup,reusing, and
restoringcontaminatedlandforbeneficialreusebycommunities.
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AsdescribedinBox7,landmanagementhasthreekeycomponents:landprotection,sustainableland
use, and landrevitalization.Similartothematerialsmanagementapproachesthatcanbeusedinthe
materialflow,landmanagementapproachescanbeusedtoreduceGHGemissionsbyimproving
practiceswithinoracrosseachofthesecomponents.Landprotectionpracticeslimithowmuchlandis
contaminatedeachyear.Whenlandiscontaminated,itshouldbe
cleaneduptolevelsprotectiveofhumanhealth and the
environment.
Land ... September2009
UsingmaterialsmanagementapproachestohelpreduceoravoidGHGemissionsisconsistentwith
EPA’svision and manyofthestrategiestoincreasetheefficient and sustainableuseofresources and
reducewastegenerationaredescribedinBeyondRCRA:Waste and MaterialsManagementintheYear
2020.Someofthestrategiesincludereducingtheamountofmaterialsusedtomakeproductsor
performservices and influencingproductdesign,use, and reusecapabilitiestominimizerawmaterial
inputs,extendproductlifespans, and maximizetheease and frequencyofsubsequentproduct
disassembly,recycling, and/ ortransformationforfurtherproductiveuse.
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Inadditiontoincreasing
materialefficiency and reducingwaste,materialsmanagementactivitieshavethepotentialto
significantlyreduceGHGemissions,asdescribedinthefollowingsections.
Landmanagementisatermusedtodescribeseparateorintegratedstrategiesthatinfluencehowwe
manage and uselandtoprovideopenspace and habitat,food,naturalresources, and placesforpeople
tolive,work, and recreate.Forexample,landmanagementincludesthepracticesofdevelopingland
and managinglandforagricultural and forestrypurposes.Thewaywemanageourlanddirectly
influencesGHGemissionsrelatedtoagriculture,thebuiltenvironment(e.g.,residential and
commercialemissions),electricityuse, and transportation.
TheconceptoflandmanagementlinksdirectlytoEPA’svisionofpreventinglandcontamination,in
part,byencouragingsmartgrowth,
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improvingchemical and wastemanagementtoprevent
contamination,restoringcontaminated and potentiallycontaminatedlandforreusebysociety, and
encouragingthesustainablereuseofproperty.SomelandmanagementapproachescanalsoyieldGHG
emissionreductionsorcanprotectthecarbonsinkprovidedbyU.S.land,whichisfurtherdescribedin
Section2.
Bytakingadvantageofopportunitiespresentedbymaterials and landmanagement,EPA and its
partnerscancontributetoareductionoravoidanceofGHGemissionsaswellasimprovementto
publichealth and theenvironment.
LeveragingOSWERprogramstoachievemeasurableclimatechangebenefitsinnowayreplacesor
supersedesotherOSWERprogramgoals.Rather,thisdocumentpromotestherecognitionthat
materials and landmanagementprogramshavesignificantclimatebenefitswhileyieldingpositive
environmental,economic, and societalco‐benefitsincommunitiesacrossthecountry.
Inthecaseofmaterialsmanagement,themajorityofGHGreductionbenefitsfromrecyclingorwaste
preventioncomefromtheenergysavingsfromavoidedresourceextraction and materials
processing.
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Thisenergysavingscarriesco‐benefitsofimprovementsinlocalairquality.Similarly,the
conservationofrawmaterialreducesenvironmentaldegradation and waterpollutionfrommining,
logging, and oilextraction.
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