threats only around 27 of global coral reefs are located inside marine protected areas mpa more than half of them being in australia in addition according to a recent study of the wri only 6 of global coral reefs are located in effectively managed mpas
Báo cáo hóa học: " Combined fluticasone propionate and salmeterol reduces RSV infection more effectively than either of them alone in allergen-sensitized mice" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 01:20
... Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) RSV preparation and infection of mice The A2 strain of human RSV (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) was propagated in HEp-2 cells (American ... by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of OVA on day and by intranasal (i.n.) administration of OVA on days and On day the mice were infected i.n with of RSV From day 10 to day 13 they were treated ... with Sal indicating that steroids and β2-agonists differentially affect inflammatory parameters, but that the two in combination can effectively reduce RSV-induced lung inflammation Apoptosis of...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "A mutated xylose reductase increases bioethanol production more than a glucose/xylose facilitator in simultaneous fermentation and co-fermentation of wheat straw" docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 05:20
... (Taherzadeh et al 19 96) The cultivation was initiated by adding 20.0 mL of the preculture to the bioreactor The pH was maintained at 5.0 throughout the cultivation by automatic addition of M NaOH ... generally more inhibitor tolerant than haploid laboratory strains (Almeida et al 2007) The haploid CEN.PK strain background was chosen in the current study to generate isogenic strains that permitted ... initiated A total of 1.0 L of wheat straw pretreatment liquid was added starting with an initial feed rate of 0.04 L h-1, which was increased linearly to 0.10 L h-1 during 16 h of cultivation The...
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Monitoring coral reef marine protected areas
Ngày tải lên :
08/06/2016, 14:48
... stations in areas in the Caribbean (San Andrés Island, Rosario Islands Natural Park and Santa Marta-Tayrona Natural Park) and at Gorgona Island Natural Park in the Pacific We established 24 monitoring ... Typical Questions � � � What areas appear more naturally resistant or resilient to coral bleaching? Have these areas been successfully protected? Are there areas near the MPA with healthy corals ... AREAS AND MONITORING Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are an important strategy for the conservation of marine biodiversity and productivity, particularly for the maintenance of fish stocks MPAs have...
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DSpace at VNU: A multilevel analytical framework for more-effective governance in human-natural systems: A case study of marine protected areas in Vietnam
Ngày tải lên :
16/12/2017, 09:46
... Rudd et al., 2003) that are applicable for the framework developed above An application of the framework to marine protected areas in Vietnam as case study 4.1 Context and problems of MPA management ... (2003) stated that “(T)here are few wetlands and marine protected areas in Vietnam The government has set a target of formally establishing 15 MPAs by 2010, but the lack of a legal and Source: ... related to institutions, social interactions and governance of MPAs studied There are inter-linked causes between these in uential variables on governance of the MPAs When one variable affects a...
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Economic Values of Coral Reefs, Mangroves, and Seagrasses A Global Compilation 2008
Ngày tải lên :
08/06/2016, 11:28
... million dives take place near Florida, USA, each year, half of them inside Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) Only 25% of MPAs with coral reefs charge divers an entry or user fee, usually $2–$3 levied ... Island Malaysia 14, 19 Matang 19 Pulau Payar Marine Park 14 Pulau Redang Marine Park 14 Marine turtle conservation program Matang 19 Matura Protected Area 10 Maui 5, 25 Meso-American Barrier ... Protected Area Pulau Weh Marine Protected Area 13 Ras Mohammed Park Southeast Sulawesi 5, 14, 19, 22 Taka Bone Rate Marine Protected Area Wakatobi National Park 5, 14, 19, 22 Weh Island 13 Israel ...
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Summary report of coral reefs in Spartly Islands in April 2005 potx
Ngày tải lên :
28/06/2014, 00:20
... data was collected including by hard coral, soft coral (to the specific of genus and living growth of form For example ACB: Acropora branching coral) , dead coral, dead coral with algae, sea weed, ... Parola N.E Parola S.W 55 75 61 68 52 79 Total of species in locations: 164 species Some images of coral species Fungia scutaria Acropora cf nana Acropora cf cuneata Calastrea cf tumida Stylophora ... subseriata for the first time which species had found in Nhatrang bay in february 2005 The list of hard coral species in the survey sites • Name No of species Trident Pugad S.W Pugad W Parola E Parola...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 1 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... origin and maintenance which graces and makes distinctive the northeast coast of Australia and represents one of the major tourist attractions of neighbouring mainland Queensland, and of Australia ... with the maintenance of the past vitality of this 2000-km length of coral assemblages and associated plant and animal life We must ask ourselves, “What has changed?” and “What are the impacts of ... nationally coordinate the wise management of Australia s natural resources The 1970s stand out in this regard The Seas and Submerged Lands Act of 1973 and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act of...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 2 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... publication in scientific journals It is a pleasure to thank the many reviewers in Australia and overseas Thanks are also due to the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), IBM Australia, and ... Mangroves next to rivers draining watersheds larger than 10 km2 are the most profitable target areas in the efforts promoting natural and artificial colonization of Rhizophora apiculata FRINGING ... mixing was enhanced in areas of high reef density In these areas excessive surface heating was thus prevented and the incidence of coral bleaching was reduced MANAGEMENT As Suzuki stated in the Introduction,...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 3 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... 43% decrease between 1943 and 19 96) , a 60 % decrease in the area of beachside vegetation, a 20% decrease in the area of Eucalypt woodland, and a 10% decrease in the areas of rainforest patterns ... and 19 96 As expected, the area of urban and industrial landcover has increased since European settlement, although the total area alienated is small within the context of total catchment area ... of the tasks facing policymakers and resource managers in catchments adjacent to the GBRMP, in terms of the way in which they manage riparian and wetland areas in the future, remains substantial...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 4 pot
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... cultivation is the principal agricultural activity in the GBR catchment though the total area planted is Ͻ3% of the total catchment area (Gilbert, 2000) Most of the remaining area of the GBR catchment ... Continental drainage basins with an aggregate area of 425,000 km drain into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA) between the tip of Cape York and Fraser Island (Figure 1, Table 1) A variety ... sediment and nutrient runoff have increased severalfold since the beginning of European cropping and pastoral activities in the catchments adjoining the GBR CATCHMENTS ADJOINING THE GBR Continental...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 7 ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... related to the balance of nutrient against light limitation of seagrass growth, the light condition bringing about the elevated amino acid content in the plants 13 In response to shading and increased ... diversity of corals on all intertidal flats in the vicinity of tin dredging and smelting activities around Laem Pan Qah peninsula, Phuket, was low (six genera), the dominant genera being Porites, ... a threatened resource Ambio 22, 46 73 Macnae, W 1 968 A general account of the fauna and flora of mangrove swamps and forests in the Indo-Pacific region Advances Marine Biology 6, 73 270 Madsen,...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 8 doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... separately As algal abundance may increase in both area and in biomass per unit area, total algal and coral abundance may exceed 100% cover, with the excess © 2001 by CRC Press LLC Causes of Coral ... coral and 20% algal cover) ANIMATION Trajectories of coral and algal abundance with the same (oligotrophic) model parameters as Animation 1, except that initial coral and algal abundance are reversed, ... differences in both area and amount of algae, and algal overgrowth of corals (a) Inshore reef, dominated by fleshy brown algae, with high biomass per unit area, apparently overgrowing corals These reefs...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 9 potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... commonly known as soft corals and sea fans, or octocorals (class: Octocorallia, Order Alcyonacea) Soft corals are sessile, perennial, and often long-lived corals In contrast to the hard corals, they ... Balboa, Republic of Panama Fabricius, K.E & De’ath, G 2000 Soft Coral Atlas of the Great Barrier Reef Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, http://www.aims.gov.au/soft-corals-atlas, ... loading on coastal ecosystems Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 44, 261 –283 Ginsburg, R.N 1994 Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History Proceedings of a Colloquium...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 10 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... Marine Park totals 424,000 km not including the influence from rivers intruding into the GBR from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya The mainland catchments have been divided into 35 drainage basins ... forcing the model to incorporate the daily variability in the river’s discharge and actual wind data (at hourly intervals), against the historical field salinities reported in Wolanski and Van ... dynamics and known characteristics of river plumes in the central section of the GBR DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CENTRAL GBR REGION The rainfall catchment area adjoining and impacting the...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 11 potx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... Relationships amongst black marlin, Makaira indica, in Eastern Australian coastal waters Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45, 535–549 Staples, D.J., Vance, D.J., & Loneragan, ... Ianthella, Cymbastella), gorgonians (e.g., Ctenocella, Subergorgia, Semperina, Echinogorgia), the vase coral Turbinaria, and patches of macroalgae are characteristic features of the patches These ... gradients are crossed, as in the case of eels (Anguilla australis, A obscura, and A reinhardtii), which are spawned in the oceanic waters of the Coral Sea (Merrick & Schmida, 1984) but migrate...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 12 pot
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... (Figures 1a and b) Notable features of this area include a large input of discards from the prawn trawl fishery, the seasonal variation in rainfall (the monsoonal “wet”), and the inter-reef–associated ... was explored further using ECOSPACE Large parts of the reef-shoal habitat are normally not available to trawling due to the physical structure of the sea bottom, hence these areas would operate ... also appeared that the estimate of discards was too high This was adjusted downward to “spread” the discards over the total area modelled and to scale the biomass of discards (determined from prawn...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 13 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... unsustainable development and the ultimate failure of coral reef fisheries, managers have advocated the introduction of marine protected areas or marine fisheries reserves as a means of maintaining ... rather than medium-sized or small fish, and a total lack of retention in either the northwest or southwest sectors In January, a single peak was located to the southeast and a greater number of ... 0 .66 and 0 .69 ) Detailed scrutiny of catch rate data for each of the key taxa illustrates the consistency of spatial and temporal patterns The distribution of Spratelloides larvae in the lee of...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 14 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... (the latter are negligible) Local time is indicated at the bottom Australia is to the right and the Coral Sea to the left The view is vertically distorted; mean depth around the reefs is 40 to ... southward with the East Australian current (Wolanski, 1994) In this area the tidal currents at the shelf break are mainly oriented cross-shelf Vector-averaging Aanderaa and InterOcean S4 current meters ... sites The view is from the north looking south Australia is to the right and the Coral Sea to the left The view is vertically distorted, mean depth around the reefs is 40 to 60 m, and the width of...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 18 docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... associated with the 3-day average for each frame of the animation The date associated with the 3-day animation is also indicated at the top of the key in the lower left of the screen As shown in Animation ... taking account of these two effects in the NLSST, Walton et al (1998) effectively built an average temperature gradient into their algorithm based on the average amount of mixing and evaporation ... the water column rather than allowing it to be concentrated at the surface A lack of mixing creates a stratified water column within the first few tens of centimetres of the surface, making the...
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OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OF CORAL REEFS: Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef - Chapter 20 (end) doc
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 05:21
... many more Careful assessments of the impact of the removal of intertidal salt flats and mangroves and the impact of nutrient input into shallow coastal waters from prawn and fish farms are only ... development and a marina There was potential impact on the channel by the development, not only from the land and marina, but also because a side channel had to be dug a quarter of the way into the main ... needs to be demonstrated CONCLUSION Marine protected areas are insufficient, or are ill chosen, particularly in the inter-reefal areas (e.g., areas protected from trawling chosen because they are...
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