... because the measurement is taken according to the
“x-height” ofthe font, a variable number based on the height of a lower case
“x” rather than an average of all the letters in the font.
56
The ... spacing.
6. The 50% rule: Balance the white space
Effective use of white space — the margins and the amount oftext on the
page — also affects legibility. At the time ofthe Tinker and Paterson ... fonts in the body ofthetext and sans serif in the headings as a way to contrast the
two parts ofthe document and as an alternative to using all capital letters in the headings. All of
the samples...
... element ofthe vector usually represents a word (or a group of words) of the
document collection, i.e. the size ofthe vector is defined by the number of words (or
groups of words) ofthe complete ... from the number
of clusters is the silhouette coefficient SC(P) (cf. [KR90]). The main idea ofthe coef-
ficient is to find out the location of a document in the space with respect to the cluster
of ... Stemming
In order to reduce the size ofthe dictionary and thus the dimensionality ofthe descrip-
tion of documents within the collection, the set of words describing the documents can
be reduced...
... ofthe country could not help
seeing the growing power of money, and the injustice caused by it. The
second period which last from the middle ofthe 16
th
century up to the
beginning ofthe ... well as in other European
countries. There was no work for the peasants and many of them became
homeless beggars lust of rich was typical ofthe new class ofthe
bourgeoisie. The most progressive ... The public acting of women was prohibited in the
England ofShakespeare s time and so writers would often emphasize the
femininity of their female characters so as to remove the necessity of...
... ofthe 12th Conference ofthe European Chapter ofthe ACL, pages 139–147,
Athens, Greece, 30 March – 3 April 2009.
c
2009 Association for Computational Linguistics
Predicting the fluency oftext ... between text quality assess-
ment ofthe articles and the percentage of fluent
sentences according to different models.
text, and levels of fluency in the automatically pro-
duced text. The distinctions ... and a model in-
volve the use of syntax, but even in these cases flu-
ency is only indirectly assessed and the main ad-
vantage ofthe use of syntax is better estimation of
the semantic overlap...
... architecture. In the North and West, meanwhile, under the growing
institutions ofthe papacy and ofthe monastic orders and the emergence of a feudal
civilization out ofthe chaos ofthe Dark Ages, the ... are
gathered some ofthe results of recent investigations and ofthe architectural progress
of the last few years which could not readily be introduced into thetextof this edition.
The General ... to harmonize in
a building the requirements of utility and of beauty. It is the most useful ofthe fine
arts and the noblest ofthe useful arts. It touches the life of man at every point. It...
...
vector of each word from the centroid of its closest
cluster, and to assign the differential vector to the
most appropriate other cluster. This process can be
repeated until the length ofthe ... a strong negative effect on the results ofthe
vector comparisons. Fortunately, the problem of
data sparseness can be minimized by reducing the
dimensionality ofthe matrix. An appropriate ... vectors, and by assigning these to the
most similar other cluster. Hereby for the cosine
similarity we set a threshold of 0.8. That is, only if
the similarity between the differential vector...
... sample definition and the
triples the parser found in it.
ABDOMEN 0 1 N THE PART OFTHE BODY
BETWEEN THE THORAX AND THE
PELVIS
(THE) pmod (PART)
(ABDOMEN 0 1 N) lm (THE)
(ABDOMEN 0 1 N) ... inflected forms analyzed, and other
modifications ofthe kind often brought under the
rubric of "transformations." The LSP can do this sort
of thing very welL The defining words also need ...
We extracted the set of intransitive verb
definitions, suspecting that these would be the easiest
to work with. This is the smallest ofthe four major
219
Semantic Analysis of Definitions...
... comments to the paper.
tion requirement. Unfortunately one ofthe cur-
rent trends in IE is the progressive reduction of
the size of training corpora: e.g., from the 1,000
texts ofthe MUC-5 ... entries in the lexicon.
The BL could be seen as the complementary set
of the FL with respect to the generic language,
i.e. it contains
all
the words ofthe language that
do not belong to the FL. ... mentioned, there are two problems related
to the use of generic dictionaries with respect to
the IE needs.
First there is no clear way of extracting from
them the mapping between the FL and the...
... con-
trastive summary, the number of fragments of
the reference summary which are also in the
contrastive summary, in relation to the size of
the contrastive summary.
DocSim: The number of documents used ... In the rightmost part ofthe figure, peers are
distributed around the set of models, closely sur-
rounding them, receiving a high JACK value.
4 A Case of Study
In order to test the behaviour of ... QARLA, for the evaluation
of text summarisation systems. The in-
put ofthe framework is a set of man-
ual (reference) summaries, a set of base-
line (automatic) summaries and a set of
similarity...
... received the instruction set in the form of a printed document. Both
groups' instruction sets had the same text content. The topic ofthe instruction was
fundamentals ofthe life cycle of a ... number and location of valves they
have in the way air enters the cylinder. Some simple bicycle tire
pumps have the inlet valve on the piston and the outlet at the closed
end ofthe cylinder. A ... both the treatments was the Life Cycle of a
Monarch Butterfly. The content ofthe animation-with -text group was delivered in
electronic media in form of animations embedded with text, and the...
... outperform the other training
corpora, and that ofthe other four, FAQ is the best-
performing corpus. Figure 3 also shows a large
difference in the sizes ofthe starting percentiles:
The proportion of ... context (which we will call the ‘buffer’)
can be used to predict the next block of charac-
ters (the ‘predictive unit’). If the user gets correct
suggestions for continuation ofthetext then the
number ... to the size and domain ofthe vocabularies in both data
sets and the richness ofthe contexts (in order for the algo-
rithm to predict a word, it has to have seen it in the train set).
If the...
... determination of actual
strengths appears to depend on the interaction ofthe
intrinsic strength of a boundary with the strengths of
other boundaries in the sentence, as well as the
distance between these ... relativized), the parser does not identify
the relations ofthe modifier constituent to the
elements ofthe core sentence. Hence the relative
clause is not attached to any other syntactic node in
the ... clearly, consider the rearrangement of this
sentence with the adjunct at the beginning:
Naturally,
the3 : instructed the informants to speak.)
The context of
speech analysis prefers the former reading....
... on
the basis ofthe feature values ofthe word or
cluster under consideration. The transcription
rule "test "6 is evaluated and the proper branch is
then selected on the basis of ... implementation of UTTER operates
in one of three modes, each of which corresponds
to one ofthe three tasks required ofthe system:
(I) execution mode: the transcription of input
text usir~ existing ...
the part -of- speech of a given word, are
stored along with the entry and its result in
the SEL. These unextractable attributes rely
on the context the entry appeared in rather
than on the entry...
... produced them; the texts in the
pharmaceutical domain are leaflets providing the
patients with the legally mandatory information
about their medicine. The total size ofthe corpus
is of about ... RESULTS
The principle we used to evaluate the different
configurations ofthe theory was that the best def-
inition ofthe parameters was the one that would
lead to the fewest violations of Constraint ... chosen,
and then to compute the
CFsandtheCB (if any)
of each utterance on the basis ofthe anaphoric
information and according to the notion of rank-
ing specified. This information was the used...