... isthe increase in the
volume and speed of information flows on the Internet. By 2001 one
Internet cable carried more information in a second than was sent over
the whole Internet in a month in ... demand-
ing a portion ofthe earth’s resources. One noteworthy indicator of rising
consumption in an age of globalization isthe steady increase in the
number of motor vehicles. Every year the world ... sup-
plements the book with readings that reflect the learning ofthe students
in these programs. It is, we believe, worthwhile to encourage students to
think beyond disciplinary boundaries. Yet often it is...
... financial information as ofthe end of 1996 the year preceding the
crisisthus avoiding any risk of contaminating our estimations withthe occurrence of
distress and closure processes themselves.
12
... Asia financial crisis a good event to investigate theroleof these connections in
causing and resolving financial institutions’ distress. Furthermore, the general causes of
the East Asian financial ... distressed financial institutions, in part a reflection ofthe large number of
financial institutions in these countries at the start ofthe crisis.
Regarding the unconditional probability of...
... protein belongs to the RNA recogni-
tion motif (RRM) family of RNA-binding-proteins. It
is a shuttling protein [5] involved in multiple aspects of
RNA metabolism. Inthe nucleus, this protein acts ... of TTP to the same reporter
mRNA. These results indicate that ASF ⁄ SF2 is a
potent repressing factor inthe absence of competing
factors. It is worth noting that the deletion ofthe RS
domain ... aggregation into SGs upon
oxidative stress. We then analyzed the sub-cellular dis-
tribution of mutants defective for RNA binding. Point
mutations disrupting the RNA-binding capacity of any
of the two...
... may in uence the expression
of HO-1. The dominant expression of HO-2 protein, in
comparison withthe low expression of HO-1 protein,
in H146 small cell lung cancer cells isof particular
interest ... analysis of HO-1 and
HO-2 proteins. The intensity representing HO-1 or HO-2 protein was normalized with respect to the intensity ofthe b-actin signal. The ratio
of each normalized value to the ... cells with HO-2 siRNA induced the expres-
sion of HO-1 mRNA and protein without affecting
the concentration of GAPDH mRNA and b-actin
(Fig. 4A,B). Likewise, the selective reduction of HO-2
mRNA with...
... desensitization of these receptors. GC-A is phos-
phorylated on six serine and threonine residues present in
the protein kinase-like domain inthe basal state [2].
Mutation of any of these sites to alanine ... perhaps
representing a form ofthe receptor that had reached the
surface in a Golgi-independent manner [37]. The presence of
a biotinylated 130 kDa form ofthe receptor was not due to
biotinylation ofthe intracellular ... shown in
Fig. 4D, swainsonine inhibited the reacquisition of respon-
siveness by 50%. This shows that modification ofthe a-1,6
arm ofthe mannose residues was essential to allow
formation of the...
... stereoisomerism). The lower-đeld
1
H NMR signal of 3 belonged to the N-methyl group at N
2
in the E isomer and t he higher-đeld signal t o that in t he
Z isomer, in which N
1
is in trans and cis ... derivative of
L
-fucose i n the LPS of
Bordetella pertussis strain 1414 [48,49], in which the
N-methyl group gave a single singlet in the
1
HNMR
spectra. Similarly, the minor pair of signals ... LPS species lacking the mAb 2625 epitope,
thus suggesting that the mAb 2625 epitope inte rferes with
the binding of mAb LPS-1.
The OPS of L. pneumophila Sg 1 is a polylegionaminic
acid (Fig....
... on. In none ofthe countries included in this study is
the roleof pursuing these objectives the sole responsibility of either the state or the
market. Instead, different systems are tightly interconnected, ... question (theoretically and politically)
is whether a single ‘best practice’ of embedding and regulating the bio-industries is
emerging. Inthe latter part ofthe paper we analyse the bio-industrial ... content of bio-industrial development in these countries. The main
contrast to the model that is emerging in Finland and in Australia isthe lack of
resource coordination and discursive harmonisation...
... grouped into four clusters: the appointment, dismissal, and
legal term of office ofthe governor ofthe central bank; the institutional
location ofthe final authority for monetary policy and the ... between the rate of inflation and
the dispersion of inflation forecasts gathered from the Michigan and
Livingston inflation surveys. Evans (1991) has also published evidence
consistent withthe point ... appointment of a conservative central banker in a model
that distinguishes between sectors that differ in their degree of competitiveness of the
labor market. The main result of his paper is that,...
... density ofthe population and the
size ofthe shadow economy.
Plotting a measure ofthe number of years of secondary school-
ing attainment by the population and thepolitical measures gives
interesting ... substantial part ofthe electorate being excluded from the decision-
making process. So, independent ofthe type of economy, the level of
redistributive spending should be minimal. A transition ... and international conferences, in particular at
the annual meetings ofthe Italian Society of Public Economics and
the annual meetings ofthe International Institute of Public Finance
of recent...
... reforms of only one ofthe four social insurance systems may
merely exacerbate the crisis inthe social insurance system as a whole.
The recession of 1992 –93 changed the interaction between the ... ‘unfair’ to the Generaldirektor’s
secretary, while at the same time arguing that it was inconsistent with CDU and CSU remaining the
parties of tax relief’, including a significant lowering ofthe maximum ... especially difficult in Germany is due also to the self-
governing character ofthe health care system and the effective organisation of the
many interests involved in it, including big pharmaceutical...
... dealing withthe beginnings of ‘football’ in
Australia is no less murky, and increasingly just as contested. As noted
above, an important issue inthe ‘balance of power’ between the codes
is the ... and the result is ‘lineages of misunderstanding’. In his
view, when a small number of works are overused, then the problem
becomes exacerbated and the credibility ofthe discipline, and the ... historical roots
of the tussle over the naming of football codes can be traced back to
the nineteenth century, with much ofthe battle fought inthe pages of
the press. Then, as now, the matter was...
... for this reason it makes sense to let the
market guide them.
Institutionalists
The ideas of institutionalists are grounded inthe fields ofpolitical science
and international relations. They share ... approach, in a sense, tries to capture the societal
debates about environment and politicaleconomy rather than just the
academic debates over the theories ofthepoliticaleconomyofthe
environment.
Naturally, ... 101
Illustrations
to the difficulty of trying to measure the implementation and effective-
ness of an international agreement or institution.
17
But a defining char-
acteristic of institutionalists isthe assumption...
... grained institutional end of this approach, Paul Hutchcroft
(1998) discusses state failure inthe Philippines. Using an historical institutionalist
perspective, Hutchcroft focuses on the history ... recognizing these
questions, this dissertation starts withthe “bureaucratic polity” model because ofthe
focus on the attributes ofthe institutional embeddedness of governing elites and the
relative ... differentiate the governing elites between these two
state actors in order to trace their distinct and interacting interests, and examine how state
institutions structure the interactions between them....
... interviewed since we
assured each of them ofthe anonymity of their interviews with us. From these
interviews, we gained information on the perceptions of Sida staff and others working
closely with Sida ... were beginning work on the
impact of international assistance inthe area of humanitarian aid (McGinnis 1999c).
The opportunity to work with one ofthe world’s leading development assistance
agencies—Sida—to ... strong sense of Swedish ownership ofthe Programme, both in uencing the pattern
of support and the phase out problems The lack of Tanzanian ownership was reflected in
the roleof Linköping University,...
... 3 indicates the number of patients car-
rying the haplotype consisting ofthe -173 C and the -794
CATT
7
allele. Accordingly, these patients display the -173
SNP C/C or G/C genotype in combination ... confirmed these
findings. The relative risks for poor outcome ofthe two
polymorphisms and combination of both were 1.6, 1.84
and 1.80. This effect size was in line withthe data pub-
lished by ... donors
and patients with abdominal surgery but without signs of
infection or inflammation. Secondly, an evaluation of the
association ofthe MIF polymorphisms withthe survival
of severe sepsis patients...