... THE MICROECONOMICS OF INCOMEDISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS IN EAST ASIA ANDLATINAMERICATHE MICROECONOMICS OF INCOMEDISTRIBUTION DYNAMICS IN EAST ASIA ANDLATINAMERICA François Bourguignon ... particular inLatinAmericaandthe Far East); of the European Economic Association (in Venice); of the Network on Inequality and Poverty of the IDB, World Bank, and LACEA (Latin American andCaribbean ... is the covariance between theincome source j (= 1, 2) and total incomeinthe population In other words, the ratio of this covariance andthe variance of total income may be interpreted as the...
... sector salud en America Latina y el Caribe: desafõos y opportunidades   [Sexual and reproductive health inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean: challenges and opportunities] Mexico, Inter American Development ... Growth inthe size and influence of civil society in Brazil since the 1980s has facilitated the positive change Increasingly democratic processes have lengthened the policy decision-making process, ... assessment of existing capacity for these functions and to help in strengthening such capacity when necessary (7) Continue building on the important role of NGOs Changes in financing and decentralization...
... guarantees and interest subsidies The study focused on three assistance clusters in Northern Ireland (training, marketing and upgrading machinery and equipment), and two inthe Republic of Ireland (marketing ... whether they were currently participating inthe program; (iii) whether they had participated in it inthe past and, if so, in what year; (iv) the monetary value of the incentive; and (v) how they ... through the coordinated use of a range of CORFO programs It combines training activities, innovation, infrastructure, technical assistance, and business and finance networking In 2001, the PTI financed...
... 2008; inthe V Summit of the Americas in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago in April of 2009; inthe VI CONCASIDA Conference in San Jose, Costa Rica in October, 2009; andintheLatin American and ... communities, including children, adolescents, youth, teachers, and parents Review, update and reinforce the training of educational personnel, from teaching colleges to inservice training for existing ... in adolescents and young people by the year 2015 Recommend the inclusion in these agreements for discussion inthe XVIII Ibero-American Summit of Heads of State in San Salvador, El Salvador in...
... (such as mothers and children) They are administered by theThe State of Social Protection inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean Figure 1.6 21 The Share of the Formal and Informal Sectors in LAC Labor ... operate in parallel, duplicating service delivery infrastructure The absence of links between financing and productivity or quality andtheThe State of Social Protection inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean ... the Elderly by Income Quintiles and Source inthe 2000s Contributory, Noncontributory, and Combined Health Insurance Coverage inthe Mid-2000s by Income Quintiles and Source Mandates of Pension...
... efficiency (inputs and outpurs) inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean, 2005-8 38 Table Indicators of health care expenditures inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean, 2005 44 Table Financial indicators ... are ranked by the average of the arithmetic rankings in all theLatinAmerica indicators; Cuba and Haiti have been added within Latin America; Argentina, Costa Rica and Cuba are in a virtual rie; ... Perkins and Emily Morrell for arrangements_ and Valerie Hall for the editing work The author hopes that this book will help LatinAmericaandthe Caribbean, as well as other emerging and developing...
... “lean against the wind”: (i) raising RRs during the upswing phase of the cycle to contain excessive credit growth andthe associated build up of vulnerabilities and (ii) lowering them during the downswing ... Literature on theLatinAmerica Experience In general, there are only a handful of studies examining the recent experience effectiveness of RRs inthe region.20 The analysis is hindered by the heterogeneity ... business loan interest rates and on strengthening the passthrough from policy to deposit and lending interest rates These findings, more generally support the use of RRs as a policy instrument in...
... surprising that there has been such a resurgence of interest in analyzing the dynamics and determinants of poverty and inequality, andthe relationship of policies affecting them inLatinAmerica Introduction ... Policy inLatin America: An Introduction Stephan Klasen and Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann The causes and consequences of high inequality in incomes, assets, and many aspects of well-being inLatinAmerica ... and central Africa andLatinAmerica show very different results: inLatinAmerica land inequality is largely driving income inequality, whereas income inequality in west and central Africa is...
... necessarily linked to tax “Betterment” taxes – not easy to assess or apply in practice, especially if directly linked to the increment in value of the land – Might be directly linked to the cost ... public? Links to funding realities 28 Some Shortcomings & Criticisms Modeling Theoretical Problems – Each step quite simplified – Home-to-work focus; difficulty in capturing chained trips – Internal ... fragmentation (service/infrastructure, public/private) 13 Public Transport Pricing and Financing Two Basic Needs “doing the right thing” – provide best range of services with the resources available...
... Income Kain & Liu (1994) Income explains >90% of HH vehicle ownership Income Elasticity: 1.06-1.16 Zegras & Gakenheimer (2000) - using 1998 data for entire RM % HH private vehicle ownership increases ... Ring Road andthe Pan American Highway Two Segregated Busways – km segment and ~10 km stretch Differentiated and (in city center) segregated bus stops Metro Lines: 40 kms, 51 stations, 68 trains, ... ro includes all combinations Others 1991 Source: Sectra, 1991 50% Work Trips Walk Others Trips by Purpose Work: 36% School: 32% Other: 32% Work and school predominate during peak periods; others...
... prevention and preparedness are Multisector and Other; banking and financial services, and business and other services are Financing and Business; and government and civil society - general and conflict, ... to Countries inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean (a) To LatinAmerica (US$ billion) (b) To Central AmericaandCaribbean (US$ million) CDB = Caribbean Development Bank, IDB = Inter-American Development ... flows inthe wake of financial crises the debt crisis inthe mid1980s, the United States rescue after the Mexican Tesobonos crisis in 1995, the Asian and dot.com crises, andthe beginning of the...
... into a sort of laboratory testing the hypothesis Once the Berlin Wall fell down, the Cold War was over andthe processes of democratization started inLatinAmericaand some other countries in ... Freedom and Economic Development inLatinAmerica 2008 Discrimination inthe Media that seemed to aim at pointing out media coverage not appreciated by the executive power On the other hand, the ... committed towards the human race”2 A key author in order to understand the process of installing modern democracies andthe feelings and opinions that those aroused in Europe andthe Western world...
... undertaken in understating the mechanics of MaPPs, including quantifying their impact on credit, the output gap, and thus NRIR, and investigating whether their effect is temporary or permanent The NRIR ... of the policy rate by hindering the proper functioning of the transmission channel of monetary policy (see Medina Cas and others, 2011a,b) Indeed, muted inflationary pressures and tightening financial ... Garcia-Escibano, and M Vera Martin, 2012, “Credit Growth andthe Effectiveness of Reserve Requirements and Other Macroprudential Instruments inLatin America, ” Working Paper No 12/142 (Washington: International...
... countries inthe region, on the one hand, andthe experience of integration into the global economy, on the other There are 13 chapters in this collection linked in varying ways to the series ... PerrotiniHernández, VázquezMuñoz, and AvendañoVargas to the fall in investment rates (with the exception of Chile among the large Latin American economies) andthe increase intheincome elasticity of imports ... stabilising investment, growth and employment Ríos-Bolívar and Neme-Castillo study the relationship between international trade and per capita incomein 21 countries of LatinAmericaandthe Caribbean...
... brand); the Slovak Republic (under the O2 brand); Germany (under the O2 brand); the Republic of Ireland (under the O2 brand); andthe UK (under the O2 brand) The MoviStar name has been in use in ... outlets andthe communication infrastructure, they also become more capable of shaping and defining the news agenda They now have immense power and influence, since they are capable of imposing the ... project inthe emerging Latin American market Their strategy consisted of creating local brands instead of trying to globalize their own mobile brand, so that by 2005 the individual brands were...
... harmonizing and amalgamating databases in order to be able to produce comparable metrics Case description Initiative origins The field of HRH inLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean reveals a broad and ... art HRH metrics inLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean, identifying metrics on specific HRH issues, promoting comparative studies and formulating new goals inthe creation of feasible and concrete metrics ... completed) The preliminary findings of the literature search were collectively discussed during two in- person meetings by the members of the network, this activity being described further inthe third...
... countries inthe region, on the one hand, andthe experience of integration into the global economy, on the other There are 13 chapters in this collection linked in varying ways to the series ... PerrotiniHernández, VázquezMuñoz, and AvendañoVargas to the fall in investment rates (with the exception of Chile among the large Latin American economies) andthe increase intheincome elasticity of imports ... stabilising investment, growth and employment Ríos-Bolívar and Neme-Castillo study the relationship between international trade and per capita incomein 21 countries of LatinAmericaandthe Caribbean...