... to the fall ofthe monarchy in March 1917; and volumeIII continues the story through to the end ofthetwentiethcentury At the core of all three volumes are the Russians, the lands which they ... variety of interpretations so that they may sort through the various controversies ofthe Soviet past Thevolume is not simply a historyofthe ethnically Russian part ofthe country but rather ofthe ... histories ofthe non-Russian peoples ofthe empire Among the unifying themes ofthevolume are: the tensions between nations and empire in the evolution ofthe Russian and Soviet states; the oscillation...
... to the fall ofthe monarchy in March 1917; and volumeIII continues the story through to the end ofthetwentiethcentury At the core of all three volumes are the Russians, the lands which they ... first volumeoftheCambridgeHistoryofRussia covers the period from early (‘Kievan’) Rus’ to the start of Peter the Great’s reign in 1689 It surveys the development ofRussia through the Mongol ... Vladimir Monomakh The House of Iaroslav the Wise The House of Galicia The House of Suzdalia The House of Volyn’ The House of Smolensk The House of Chernigov The grand princes of Vladimir, 1246–1359...
... before the reign of Peter I; volume II covers the ‘imperial era’, from Peter’s time to the fall ofthe monarchy in March 1917; and volumeIII continues the story through to the end ofthetwentieth ... Professor ofHistory at the University of Sunderland and the author of Between Two Revolutions: Stolypin and the Politics of Renewal in Russia (1998) and The End of Imperial Russia (1997) theodore ... S Smith (eds.) Cambridge Encyclopedia ofRussia 1982 Introduction dominic lieven The second volumeoftheCambridgeHistoryofRussia covers the ‘imperial era’, in other words the years between...
... explore the scribal and linguistic make-up ofthe texts, and Mclntosh et al have therefore suggested a classification of text types in terms ofthehistoryof copying and ofthe different patterns of ... 469) ' for the right of them all' (12) hare ba&re luue {St.Kath (Tit) 1212-13) ' the love of both of them' (13) her eitheres werke (Pal/adius (Tit) 808) ' the work of both (each) of them' When ... is itself the work of two scribes The Cotton MS ofThe Owl and the Nightingale is a well-known example ofthe latter, and in this case the place where one scribe finished and the other began...
... the remedy applied was a conscious classicising ofthe inherited form In the case ofthe couplet, the reform began in the last two decades ofthe sixteenth century and the model chosen was the ... himself the great sublime he draws Pope 617 Sylvia Adamson The sublime rises from the nobleness of thoughts, the magnificence ofthe words, or the harmonious and lively turn ofthe phrase; the perfect ... But the literary historyofthe period suggests that irony and allegory are competitors rather than collaborators, in that the growing importance ofthe first coincides with the decline of the...
... Hogg These earliest moments of Christianity amongst the Anglo-Saxons, therefore, were ofthe highest importance for thehistoryofthe language From the death of Bede in 735 to the reign of Alfred ... to tell ofthe fertility of this land and the cowardice ofthe Britons And then they immediately sent here a larger fleet with stronger warriors; and, when they were gathered together, they formed ... Whatever the merits ofthe concept ofthe Heptarchy, from the linguistic point of view the most important fact is that the political centres of power fluctuated considerably from the seventh to the...
... the course ofthetwentiethcenturythe position and interpretation of' a' has stood in the centre of prolonged research and discussion The main points of dispute can be outlined as follows There ... speak 'thematic' in the subjunctive, whereas thematic stems added another thematic vowel, so that the thematic vowel became long The subjunctive allows the use ofthe primary and secondary set of ... continuation of *bher-oi-(f) The optative expresses the wish ofthe speaker Whereas the subjunctive often expresses a probability, the optative renders the nuance ofthe possibility In the present...
... the vocalic nouns At the time ofthe invasions Old English had four major types of vocalic nouns, inherited from Germanic These were the a-stems, the o-stems, the /'-stems and the ustems Of these, ... to ignore the infinitive the alternation would be the same as in drifan, despite the fact that the original post-vocalic consonant was in the case ofthe former *[b], in the case ofthe latter ... by the fact that the second element adjusted its vowel height to the height ofthe first vowel, so that we find /iu, eo, sea/ Further, at about the time ofthe earliest texts in West Saxon the...
... ' woman' (neut.) (see volumeIIIof this History) ; there are also some instances ofthe use of neuter demonstratives with inanimate nouns, cf lofsong 'hymn' (masc) The other tendency is to generalise ... whether this is a result ofthe Latin or ofthe OE; however, when the two are distinctly different, we may assume that we have fairly clear evidence of OE rather than of Latin structure Where the ... within that one mile Then they lay the largest amount within one mile ofthe dwelling, then the second largest, then the third largest amount, until it is all laid out within the one mile But we...
... represents the exact words ofthe reported proposition, and when the subjects ofthe main clause and ofthe complement are the same It is only occasionally absent if the complement represents the words ... Furthermore, the object of a verb ofthe object control type must be human or at least animate, compare the oddity of I persuaded the kitchen to be clean (b) NP2 functions as the subject ofthe ... constituent ofthe higher clause, cf She expected Jim to paint the kitchen = 'She expected that Jim would paint the kitchen' If the subject ofthe lower verb is co-referential with the subject of the...
... restructurings ofthe English language at the end ofthe O E and the beginning ofthe ME period There is no doubt that the Danelaw area, and notably Northumbria, see the glosses ofthe Lindisfame ... Only the meaning of a lexical item ofthe donor language is transferred to the receptor language, when either: (a) the meaning of some lexical item ofthe donor language influences the meaning of ... borrowed from the Scandinavians; on the other hand, there is the well-known popularity ofthe stone-cross in Ireland, and the influence of Celtic art on the stone crosses of England Moreover, there are...
... 1969:15fT.) The basic criterion used here is the derived status ofthe determinatum and the function ofthe determinant as one ofthe arguments ofthe underlying predicate Regular compounds (a) The determinatum ... on the basis of already existing lexical material The most basic property of such new formations is their transparent, motivated status: on the basis of their structure and the meaning ofthe ... ofthe Father'), the sea (fisces epel' home ofthe fish', seolhbxp ' seal-bath', jpa geswing ' surge ofthe waves'), thunder {wolcna sweg 'sound ofthe clouds'), dragon {lyftfloga 'flier in the...
... variety The early historyof Kent is more closely tied with thehistoryofthe English church than with the politics of its own kings The success of Pope Gregory's hope to convert all ofthe English ... entries to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle that range from the end ofthe ninth to the middle ofthe tenth centuries Like the late tenth -century productions of Northumbria, each of these texts offers a ... subreguli of their (in this case) Mercian overlords The leaders ofthe smallest tribes constitute the comites, the principes, the duces and the ealdormenn ofthe major documents From the hidage,...
... day there will be shown to us the visible heaven and the angels' glory, the fall of all creatures and the ruin ofthe earth, the strife ofthe faithless and the fall ofthe stars, the noise of ... lives The high period of prose came towards the end ofthe tenth century, with the work ofthe homilist /Elfric, the acknowledged master of Old English prose, and of Wulfstan and Byrhtferth of Ramsey, ... ways, the traditional techniques of verse composition both discourage the use of a variety of verbs and deprive them of emphasis when they are used One further manifestation of this is the use of...
... the specialised diction, along with the basic technique ofthe alliterative line, re-emerges in La3amon at the end ofthe twelfth century and again in the alliterative revival in the middle of ... Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and theHistoryof England London: Dent 1978b 'The effect of man on the landscape: the place-name evidence in Berkshire' In The Effect on Man on the Landscape: The Lowland ... one ofthe PDE modals, with many ofthe semantic but not the syntactic properties ofthe PDE forms preterite Past tense, although the term is often specifically used in morphology to refer to the...
... during the first two centuries following the Conquest One ofthe best of these is The Owl and the Nightingale, probably written at the beginning ofthe thirteenth century in the south-east ofthe ... Editor and the contributors to the first two volumes oftheCambridgeHistoryofthe English Language learned of Cecily Clark's death on 26 March 1992 Although she was able to see the proofs of her ... account of Middle English for many years to come THECAMBRIDGEHISTORYOFTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE GENERAL VOLUME EDITOR Richard M Hogg ii 1066-1476 THECAMBRIDGEHISTORYOFTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE VOLUME...
... will save them for the phonology chapter ofvolume III, which is a companion-piece to this The treatment of morphology, however, will be rather different: for the bulk ofthe fifteenth -century ... defined by the structure of its rhyme If neither the nucleus nor the coda is complex (made of more than one segment), the rhyme - hence the syllable - is light If either the nucleus Of COda (or ... bird, hurt and the like The early loss — and continued absence — of such vowels is a southeastern mainland English phenomenon The loss of these vowels in the ancestor ofthe southern standard...
... fourteenth century, and Chaucer, typically for the period, has pei/her(e)/hem London texts ofthe fifteenth century vary between her(e) and their, and towards the end ofthecentury their begins ... as is the borrowing of foreign verbs into the strong conjugation {strive/strove/striven < OF estriver is one ofthe few examples) The conceptual basis ofthe weak conjugation is marking ofthe ... ofthe century, in areas further north; in the northeast midlands Robert of Brunne (1303) uses both endings in the same line:' £>e holy man tellef> vs and seys' (Wyld 1927:255) The story of the...
... where the subject pronoun of casten has been left out in spite ofthe fact that there is no syntactic antecedent The context, of course, makes clear that the subject is the people ofthe town (of ... that, the use ofthe which {the whom and the whose occur only rarely) is much more frequent in prose, especially in the fifteenth century It occurs first in the north in the early part ofthe fourteenth ... southeast midland texts in the twelfth century, while in northeast midland texts (e.g in the Ormulum) pat is the usual form From the north pat rapidly spreads to the other dialects, and in the...
... alphabetical list ofthe Middle English texts used, accompanied by the name ofthe editor(s), an indication ofthe date ofthe manuscript(s) used (and if possible the date ofthe original composition ... another, depending on the competence ofthe language user, there takes place a certain degree of substitution ofthe forms ofthe borrower's language into the patterns adopted According to the ... after the accession to the throne of England ofthe Danish king, Knut (1017-35) (Fellows-Jensen 1978) Thus, although the English repossession ofthe northern Danelaw which followed the death of...